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welcometoourclassIfyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionary高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能:1、理解主旨要义;2、理解文中具体信息;3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;4、作出简单判断和理解;5、理解文章的基本结构;6、理解作者的意图和态度。猜测词义读懂文章---------高三英语阅读指导(阅读篇)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:
1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans
/couldbestbereplacedby_______.
2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean
______.
3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”
standsfor?
4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.
......语境法Contextclues
构词法Wordformation猜测词意高考阅读理解专题WordFormation构词法:
1.(05重庆卷)1.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.2.It’struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.3.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?
Word-formation(合成形容词)(词性变化)(派生法,复合法,转化法,)(词的派生)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)
homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)
Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-(极微小的)re-(再,反复)mis-(误,恶)im-(不)un-(不,非)in-(不,非)non-(不,非)-able(能…的)-less(不,无)-wards(向)
(2003NMET)Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的,绝对的没有判断力的语境法猜测词义?语境法ContextcluesEx1.◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.木匠
动物学家
牧人夜班语境法猜测词义1.定义描述
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is,becalled,beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示;或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词小结Ex.2
1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.
2.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump
asmother,andmuchshorter.替代丰满的3.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.
4.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的
◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderly(有秩序的)way.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.
◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.
混乱天生的语境法猜测词义2.同义反义
由and或or,like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系;表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,onthecontrary等。小结(05广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed
Theriverisso
turbid
thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.
混浊的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.复制品精明的
修剪语境法猜测词义3.因果关系
常用关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结(06陕西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering装置Ex.41.Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.
2.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽3.Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveovenect.4.Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtradition
thatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.家电民俗语境法猜测词义4.举例归纳
常用suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等引出例子,可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。小结5.ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”通晓多种语言的EX.5
Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic
tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻药波纹膨胀冷缩◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiar(=strange)illnessisahighfever.
◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.
◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.
症状易挥发的颤抖语境法猜测词义5.生活常识
小结根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯,宗教信仰,社会生活等,可以帮助加深对文章的理解,遇到生词,猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。(05福建卷)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningup打扫
B.takingin吸收
C.wipingout消灭
D.givingout释放Janeisusuallyprompt.A.lateB.ontimeC.pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforallherclasses,butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即时的adv.准时地语境法猜测词义6.上下推断
小结所谓“词不离句,句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时,一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子,进行合情合理的推测,排除肤浅的表义,选择蕴含在其中的深意。
TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown。IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman.Insomeplacesitisstillstanding,butreallyunlessthereissomegoodmedicine,mostofitwon’tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears.Ifpeopledon’ttakemedicine,theGreatWallwillfalldown.B.TheGreatWallislikean80year-oldman,whoneedsmedicalcare.C.WemusttakesomemeasurestopretecttheGreatWall,ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsD.TheGreatWallisfallingdown,anditwilldisappearinthefuture.对句义的猜测Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.
A.usedB.mastered
C.developedD.researchedButit’satwo-waystreet.IjustheardaboutathousandShenzhenofficeworkerswhohavegonetoBangaloretotraininsoftware.Meanwhile,alltheIndianITmajorsaresettingupastrongpresenceinChina.(09辽宁卷)Whatdoesthewritermeanby“it’satwo–waystreet”?Whatdoesthewritermeanby“it’satwo–waystreet”?ChinaandIndiahavedifferenttrafficrules.B.TeatradeworkswandersinbothIndiaandChinaC.ChineseproductsarepopularinbothChinaandIndiaD.TheexchangesbetweenIndiaandChinabenefitbothDInquiry-basedActivities(I)
探究活动(1)1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰
2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever
小试身手3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观
4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者
6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury
togreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的
8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的C.聪明的D.情报10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚Inquiry-basedActivities(II)
探究活动(2)Passage1
TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage2
Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage3
Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler
shouldleavethecountryforever.
Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping
BPassage4
Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5
Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustome
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