中考英语简单句以及成分复习课件

英语简单句以及成分复习课件BasicwordorderinanEnglishsentence句子的基本顺序大致为：subjectgroup（subject）+verbgroup（verb）+(predicate)object+adverbialsmanner+place+time也就是：主谓宾+方式+地点+时间BasicwordorderinanEnglishsentence例如：Iboughtahatyesterday.我昨天买了一个帽子。主谓宾+时间状语Thechildrenranhome.孩子们跑回了家主谓宾+地点状语ThetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrilyWeateourmealinsilence主谓宾+方式状语DefinitionsofkeytermsAsubjectisnormallyanoun,pronounornounphrase,itusuallygoes

beforetheverbTheverbmust'agree'withthesubject,sothesubjectdictatestheformoftheverb主语通常是名词、代词或名词短语，通常放在动词之前。动词必须与主语“一致”，所以主语决定动词的形式egIwaitJohnwaitsIamyouare一个句子的宾语也可以变为另一个句子的主语：例如：active：They

drovehimawayinapolicecar他们用警车把他赶走了passive：Hewasdrivenawayinapolicecar句子也并非一定要宾语：例如：-subject+verb：Wealllaughed-subject+verb+adverb：WelaughedloudlyDefinitionsofkeytermsAdirectobjectreferstothepersonorthingaffectedbytheactionoftheverbItcomesimmediatelyafteratransitiveverb直接宾语是指受动词动作影响的人或物。它紧接在及物动词之后例如：PleasedontannoymeVeronicathrewtheballoverthewallDefinitionsofkeytermsAnindirectobjectusuallyreferstothepersonwho'benefits'fromtheactionexpressedintheverbsomeoneyougivesomethingto,orbuysomethingforItcomesimmediatelyafteraverb间接宾语通常指从动词中所表达的行为中“受益”的人，即你给某人某物或为某人买某物的人。它紧接在动词之后ThrowmetheballBuyyourfatherapresentDefinitionsofkeytermsAnintransitiveverbisnotfollowedbyanobjectandcanneverbeusedinthepassive不及物动词不能跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态MyheadachesTheplanetoucheddownMakingthepartsofasentencelongerWecanlengthenasubjectorobjectbyaddingaclauseoraphrase我们可以通过加从句或短语来延长主语或宾语-lengtheningthesubject：延长主语ThemanranawayThemanwhostolethemoneyranaway-lengtheningtheobject：延长宾语IboughtaraincoatIboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining我买了一件内衬保暖的雨衣以上是陈述句，句子的顺序基本保持不变，但是：疑问句我们就需要改变句子的顺序，例如：Didyoutakeyourcarinforaservice?Whendidyoutakeyourcarinforaservice?或者需要特别强调时间：LastnightwewenttothecinemaThesimplesentence简单句：Thesmallestsentence-unitisthesimplesentenceAsimplesentencenormallyhasonefiniteverb含有一个主语和谓语的就是简单句：Ithasasubjectandapredicate例如：Ihave

eatenOneofouraircraft

ismissingTheoldbuildingoppositeourschool

isbeingpulleddownFivesimplesentencepatterns五大基本句型TherearefivesimplesentencepatternsWithineachofthefivegroupstherearedifferentsub-patternsThefivepatternsdifferfromeachother

accordingtowhat(ifanything)followstheverb五种简单句型每一种都有不同的子句型，这五种句型根据动词后面的内容(如果有的话)而有所不同第一种：主语+谓语：MyheadachesVerbsusedinthispatternareeitheralwaysintransitiveorverbswhichcanbetransitiveorintransitive,hereusedintransitively第二种：主系表Frankisclever/anarchitectTheverbinthispatternisalwaysbeoraverbrelatedtobe,suchas

appearbecomelookseemsoundandtaste

这个句型中的动词总是be或与be相关的动词，如appear变成lookseemsound和taste系动词后面可以是：-anadjective

Frankisclever-anoun

Frankisanarchitect-anadjective+noun

Frankisacleverarchitect-apronoun

itismine-anadverbofplaceortime

Themeetingishere/at2.30-aprepositionalphrase

Aliceislikeherfather第三种：主谓宾MysisterenjoyedtheplayMostverbsinthelanguagecanbeusedinthispattern.The

directobjectmaytakeavarietyofforms,someofwhichare：-anoun：Weparkedthecarinthecarpark-apronoun：Wefetchedherfromthestation-areflexivepronoun：Weenjoyedourselvesattheparty-aninfinitive：Iwanttogohomenow-an-ingform：Ienjoysittinginthesun第四种：主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语：ThefirmgaveSamawatchVerbslikebringbuyandgivecanhavetwoobjectsTheindirectobjectalwaysfollowstheverbandusuallyreferstoaperson动词bringbuy和give可以有两个宾语间接宾语总是跟在动词后面，通常指的是人第五种：主谓宾+宾补：TheymadeSamredundant'chairmanSamwasmaderedundantVerbsusedinthispatternareofteninthepassiveTheyappointedhimchairmanHewasappointedchairmanJoiningtwoormoresubjectsThesubjectsoftwosimplesentencescanbejoinedtomakeonesimplesentencewithconjunctionslikeandbutbothandeitherorneithernorandnotonlybutalsoNotetheagreementbetweensubjectandverbinthefollowing:两个简单句的主语可以用连词andbutboth和either或neithernor和notonlybutalso连接成一个简单句，请注意下面主语和动词之间的一致例如：ThebossisflyingtoParisHissecretaryisflyingtoParisThebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoPansBoththebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoPansThebossisflyingtoRomeHissecretaryisnotflyingtoRomeThebossbutnothissecretaryisflyingtoRomeThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlinHissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin(Oneofthetwomaybeflyingthere)EitherthebossorhissecretaryisflyingtoBerlinThebossisn'tflyingtoYorkHissecretaryisn'tflyingtoYorkNeitherthebossnorhissecretaryisflyingtoYorkJoiningtwoormoreobjects,complementsorverbsTheobjectsoftwosimplesentencesmaybejoinedtomakeonesimplesentencewithconjunctionssuchasand