高中英语-How life began on the earth教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

学情分析在我校高中阶段，英语学习是不少学生的薄弱点，在高中各学科中，英语学习的困难居其他学科之首（尤其对男生），导致很多学生对英语学习失去了兴趣，甚至放弃了对英语的学习。主要表现在一下下几个方面：1．学习英语的目的不明大多数人把学习英语看作是“为了高考”，是“被迫无奈”，而没有当作是多掌握了一样人生的工具。因此，不少学生缺乏学习动力，无法将强烈的学习愿望变成强大的学习内驱力，有效地推动自己的英语学习。事实表明，目的明确的学生英语学习水平较高，而缺乏明确目的的学生，水平较低。教师应该试图提升学生的学习动机，从而提高中学生的英语学习水平。2.缺乏积极的学习态度和毅力不少学生对英语学习的努力程度不够。他们有学好英语的愿望，但缺乏学习的毅力，没有长期努力的思想准备。他们不愿在英语学习上多花时间与精力，遇到困难很容易产生疲劳感，甚至厌烦感。积极的学习态度会促进英语水平的提高，而消极的态度会抑制进步。他们的学习态度主要是建立在兴趣之上的。因此，教师应尽可能呼唤起他们的积极态度，提升学习效果。要避免一人讲课、众人听课的局面，多一些互动，吸引学生参与课堂教学。教师要精神饱满地上课，因为你的态度会直接影响学生的行为。尽量让课堂充满生气，提高学生自主学习的能力。3.缺乏对英语的兴趣和信心对英语的兴趣“一般”或“不大”的人数较多。兴趣是推动学习的重要力量。人们对有兴趣的东西往往表现出极大的积极性。如果学生对英语学习有兴趣，就会产生学习动力。不少学生对学好英语不抱任何希望。自信心是一种强大的内部动力，能激励人积极行动，追求一定的目标，坚持不懈地去实现自认为可达到的成就。学生自信心越强，就越易学好英语，学习进步越大，学习的自信心就越足。自信心强的学生英语学习水平较高，而缺乏自信心的学生，由于害怕出错，得到的操练机会少，语言能力提高就不明显。因此提高自信心对提高英语学习水平非常重要。4.缺乏最基本的学习方法语言学习的最大特点是输出的能力是由输入量的大小来决定的。也就是说，读得多听得多言语能力就会越强。学习本族语，你不找它，它也会找你。但学习英语你不找它，它永远不会找你。因此，对于我们学生，最急需做的是让他们持续不懈地多读多听。效果分析从整个教学流程来看，通过各种活动，如，限时阅读、完成文章大意练习，再进行文章结构分析，逐段理解并完成正误判断，具体信息练习，文章填空等让学生能够根据老师的教学设计意图成功完成老师安排的各项教学活动，使学生获得了由整体到部分再到整体的认识的升华，使抽象复杂的文章变得通俗易懂，达到了预期效果。教材分析“读前”（Pre—reading）部分主要是让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。学生总喜欢听故事或者讲故事，在探讨生命起源之前，让学生探讨一下关于宇宙起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激发他们的思维。“阅读”（Reading）部分讲述了地球生命的起源，水的形成使得地球有别于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，然后通过上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，然后出现陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之产生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人省醒：Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon..它关系到地球上生命的未来。“理解”（Comprehending）部分通过四个选择题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件？随后通过排序的方式帮助学生理解本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考察学生深层理解和推断能力。评测练习第一部分：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Dadwasnotonlymybestfriend,butmycompass(指南针).Whilehewasalive,he1mewithhisactionsandadvice.Hetaughtmeoneimportant2:“Believeinyourself.”Iftherewasonephrasemydad3likedtohear,itwas“Ican’t.”Henevergottofinishhighschooland4twojobstosupporthislargefamily,5henevercomplained.Througheducationandyearsofhardwork,mydadbecameanexcellentjournalist.WhenIwasinhighschool,Ihada6timewithmath.Hetriedtohelpme,butI7struggled.SomymathteachersuggestedImeetwithhimat7:00eachmorningbeforeschoolfor8help.ItoldDad,“That’s9!I’mtired!Ican’tdothat!”Hereplied,“You’redoingit.I’llsendyoutoschool.”Everymorningat6:45,we’dleavethe10.Despite(尽管)working12hourseveryday,Dadneveronce11drivingmetoschool.Aftermonthsof12,Iwasfacingthefinalexam.Iwasso13.Onthedayofthefinal,mydadhuggedmeandsaid,“Luke,14yourself.Youcandoit.”HiswordsmademerealizeIneededtotrustinmy15andinthehoursofworkI’d16.WhenIgotmy17proudly,thefirstpersonIcalledwasmyfather.Hecried,“Yes!Youdeservedit!”Evennow,wheneverI18thatataskistoomuchforme,Ithinkbacktothatexam.Nomatterhow19somethingis,ifyou’rewillingtowork,youcansucceed.I’mforever20toDadforthatlesson.1.A.understood B.forgave C.guided D.impressed2.A.history B.lesson C.skill D.language3.A.always B.almost C.ever D.never4.A.took B.lost C.left D.finished5.A.so B.or C.but D.and6.A.good B.free C.terrible D.short7.A.still B.nearly C.hardly D.probably8.A.real B.practicalC.immediate D.extra9.A.wonderful B.crazy C.expensive D.necessary10.A.house B.school C.office D.farm11.A.suggested B.risked C.enjoyed D.missed12.A.meeting B.testing C.learning D.interviewing13.A.excited B.nervous C.happy D.shocked14.A.standfor B.holdback C.believein D.lookafter15.A.teacher B.luck C.time D.ability16.A.wasted B.ignored C.pickedup D.putin17.A.answer B.grade C.pay D.gift18.A.hope B.forget C.worry D.promise19.A.different B.important C.hard D.interesting20.A.grateful B.sorry C.polite D.useful第二部分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。DanaCummingswasinhisthirtiesbeforehefirstwentsurfing.But,evenmoreinterestingisthatDanaCummingschosetolearnthesportafterlosingaleginacaraccident.Now,nineyearslater,hehelpsotherdisabled(伤残的)peoplelearnhowtoridethewavesinAmpSurf.OnthecoastofMaine,heisworkingwith27-year-oldMatthewFish,whoispartlyblind.CummingstakesholdofFishandleadshimintotheocean.Thesurfboardfloatsnexttothem.Fishliesonthesurfboard.Hetriestostanduponit.Afterafewattempts(尝试)heisupandridingallthewaybacktoland.“Thatwasexciting,”Fishsays.Acaraccidentin2002tookDanaCummings’leg.Hesaysthecrashchangedhimmorethanjustphysically.“Losingmylegmademerealizehowprecious(珍贵的)lifeisandgetoffthecouchandstartliving.IdomorethingsnowthanIeverdidbefore.NextweekIamgoingtocompeteinacontestinHawaii,”Danasays.OneyearlaterDanaCummingsformedAmpSurf.AmpSurfisagroupthatvolunteerstoholdsurfingclassesandeventsforpeoplewithallkindsofdisabilities.Recently,AmpSurftookitstrainingprogramstotheEastCoast.ElevenstudentsattendedtheclassinMaine.TheycamefromalloverthenortheasternUnitedStates.DanaCummingsthinksAmpSurfcanchangethewayadisabledpersonthinks.“Mostpeoplewithdisabilitiesconsiderhimselforherselfunluckyanduseless,butwewantthemtoseewhattheycando.Whocaresyouloseyourlegoryouareblind,whatever?Havefun.Justenjoylife.Takethemostadvantageofityoucan,”Danasays.21.MatthewFishthinkslearningtoridethewavesis_____.A.boring B.easy C.interesting D.difficult22.WhendidDanaCummingssetupAmpSurfaccordingtothetext?A.In2002. B.In2003. C.In2008. D.In2011.23.AccordingtoDanaCummings,AmpSurfcan_____.A.easethephysicalpainofthedisabledB.helpthedisabledlearntogetusedtotheirlifeC.changetheattitudeofthedisabledtowardslifeD.makethedisabledpaymoreattentiontotheirdisabilities24.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DanaCummings—agreatsurferB.AmpSurf—atraininggroupC.HowtolearntolivewithdisabilitiesD.Disabledsurfersridethewaves第三部分（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FivestepstobetterhandwritingSomekidslovehandwriting,butothershatewhenit’stimetoputtheirpentopaper.Maybetheyareworriedabouttheirhandwriting.Areyouoneofthem?25Herearefivestepsthatreallywork!GetagreatgraspTrythis—holdyourpencilatthetopandtrytowriteyourname.Prettyhard?Butwhenyouholdyourpencilthecorrectway,writingismucheasier.26Holditinplacewithyourthumb,andyourindex(食指)andmiddlefingers.LetthelinesbeyourguideLinedpaperisyourfriend!Thoselinescanhelpyoucreatelettersthataretherightsizeandproportion(均衡).27Alsobesuretofillupthelinedspacecompletely.Thosecapitallettersshouldbefromthebottomlinetothetopone.SlowdownIfyourwritingishardtoread,tryslowingdownalittle.Ifyourush,it’shardtocontrolwhereyoustopandstartyourletters.Lowerthepressure(压力)28Thatmakesithardertomakethesmoothlines.Tryeasingupanddon’tholdthepenciltootightly.29Lotsofgamesrequireyoutowriteordrawpictures.Soeventhoughit’snotschoolwork,you’restillusingtheskillsyouneedtocontrolyourpenbetter.A.PlaygamesB.AskformoreadviceC.So“a”shouldbehalftheheightofacapital“A”.D.You’vebeenwritingsinceyouwerealittlekid.E.Somekidspressdownreallyhardwhentheywrite.F.Thegoodnewsisthatjustabouteveryonecanimprovetheirhandwriting.G.Thebestwaytoholdapenorpencilistoletitrestnexttothebaseofyourthumb.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。MyyoungcousinTomseemstohaveendlessquestiontoaskeveryday.Oneday,heaskedmehowlifeonearthbeganafterwatchafilm.Tobehonest,thequestionremainsapuzzletome.Therefore,inordernottolethimdown,Ifoundtheanswerinabook.Itsays,“Longagotheearthwasaclouddust.Thedustsettledintoasolidglobebeforebillionsofyears.Theearthbecamesuchviolentthatitexplodedloud.Thenwater,thatisimportantforlifetodevelop,begantoappear.Asthetimewenton,differentlifeformsbegan.”第二节：书面表达（满分25分）Writeashortpassageabouthowlifedevelopedontheearthinyourownwords.课后反思应在今后的教学设计中继续降低难度，设计更多易于激发学生兴趣，易于学生掌握的教学活动，采用探究式及任务型等多种学习方式，提供语言运用平台，让学生在“用中学，学中用”，使学生获得自主学习，合作学习和探究学习的能力，把文章中的长难句通过多种形式加强训练，使学生自然轻松地获取和运用知识。课标分析根据《英语新课程标准》（实验稿）关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际和教材内容，我们将教学目标分为语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识五个方面。语言知识（Knowledge）词汇（Vocabulary）：能理解、内化、运用以下生词--atmosphere,violent--violence,solid,explode,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful—harm,development—develop,spread,method,presence,telescope,disappointed,force,gradually,float,短语(Phrasesandexpressions)：thesolarsystem,intime,carbondioxide,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,功能(Functions)：学习掌握一些用于陈述问题及给予意见的结构，如：Myproblem/troubleis……?Thedifficulty/questionis…Myadvice/suggestionis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…Pleasepayattentionto…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…语法(Grammar)：掌握和运用名词性从句。如：1.Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.2.Whythereisgravityishardtounderstand.3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonit’ssurface.2．语言技能(Skills)听：能通过听前预测，抓关键词来捕捉特定信息从而听懂理解文章。说：能熟练掌握与话题相关的常用词汇与表达，如：如何通过英语来正确客观地表述问题及给予意见，同时使学生能就话题较好地完成一些开放性话题，以提高在真实语境中的英语交际能力。读：获取关于astronomy的相关信息,且进行skimming,scanning,carefulreading,generalization;inference等阅读微技能训练。写：能通过输入对本单元内容有一个较好的输出。3学习策略(Strategy)：学生能在一定程度上形成合作学习、自主学习、有效交际、信息处理和英语思维的能力。如：培养学生使用图书馆、网络查阅有关星球的资料。4．情感态度(Affect)：让学生了解生命的起源，增强其保护地球的意识。培养学生正确的阅读观，和良好的阅读习惯，加强其自主阅读的能力。培养学生科学探索的精神。培养学生合作和共享的学习态度。5文化意识(Culturalawareness)：通过学生自主探究来认识各国对太空，对星球的研究，以及他们对世界航天事业不同的影响。Unit4Astronomy:HowlifeBeganontheEarthDesignedby:ZongchenghuaLearningaims:1Knowledgeaim:toknowthedevelopmentoflife.2Abilityaim:toformagoodhabitofreading.3Emotionalaim:Raiseourawarenessofprotectingtheearth.Step1:SkimmingSkimthepassageforthemainideaofthewholepassageandeachparagraph.SkimmingforthemainideaofthetextThetextmainlytellsus______Theearth’satmosphereThesolarsystemTheformationoftheearthandthedevelopmentoflifeontheearthThedifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsMatchthemainideawitheachparagraphPara.1a)ThearrivalofhumansandtheireffectontheearthPara.2b)ThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthPara.3c)AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniversePara.4d)TheimportanceofwaterforlifePara.5e)TheformationoftheearthStep2:ScanningScanparagraphs1-3andfinishtheexercises.Stage1Readandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?______________________________________________________________________2.Whatisthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?______________________________________________________________________Stage2:Thedevelopmentoftheearth(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?______________________________________________________________________(2)Whathappenednext?______________________________________________________________________(3)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?_____________________________________________________________________Stage3:Howdidtheearthcomeintobeing?1________________________________→2_____________________________→3__________________________________→4_____________________________________→5__________________________________→6____________________________________→7_____________________________________Step3:ScanningStage1:Scanparagraphs4-5andfinishtheexercises。1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?__________________________________________________________________________2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?___________________________________________________________________________3.Whataboutthelifeonland?___________________________________________________________________________4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?______________________________________________________________________________5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?_____________________________________________________________________________6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?____________________________________________________________________________7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?_______________________________________________________________________________Stage2:TrueorfalseReptileswereanimalsliveonlandaswellasinthewater.()Fishappearedbeforesmallwaterplants.()Bothdinosaursandreptilesfeedyoungonmilk.()Thereasonforthedisappearanceofdinosaursisunknowntous.()Mammalsbecamemoreandmore