（全国卷）2019届高三英语二轮复习一阅读理解讲义

专题一阅读理解

课一*细节理解题增分点（-）——间接细节理解题

细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。间接细节理解

题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经

过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能从原文中直接找到答

案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。

附题感悟/，么考•怎么解

［典例］（2018•全国卷II阅读B节选）

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,because

oftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc

（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants

（抗氧化物质）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthe

carotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱

桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

［解析］选c在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优

点，从其中"Asforcherries（樱桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?”这句话可

知,人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。C项中的“haveapleasanttaste”与文中的“are

sodelicious”意义吻合。

［干扰项分析］A项是raspberries的特征；B项是对"yellowandorangestone

fruits”的特征的曲解；D项是blueberries（蓝莓）的特征。

［增分技巧］间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原

文基础上进行改造。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。

“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言（词汇

和结构）改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。

“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲

解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变0

刷题集训/不准度•提速度

训练目标（一）对点练一一攻克失分短板

A（2018•全国卷II阅读D节选）

Dismissingsmal1talkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeep

relationshipswouldn,tevenexistifitweren,tforcasualconversation.Smalltalk

isthegrease（润滑齐ll）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,director

oftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.uAlmostevery

greatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,“he

explains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,

notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.

解析：选B由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知，成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人

产生联系，而不只是与他人交流，文中的connectwith与B项的relateto的含义是一致的，

表示“与……联系”o

B（2017•全国卷II阅读B节选）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButch

CassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'

twantmeforthefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodup

forme.Idon,tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistened

totheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A.PaulNewmanwantedit.

B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.

C.Hewasn,tfamousenough.

D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

解析：选C根据选段中"Whenthestudiodidn,twantmeforthefilm一itwanted

somebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知，工作室不想让"我”拍这部电影是因为想找

一名与保罗一样出名的演员出演。本题命题人在C项中对文中信息进行了同义替换，用famous

替换wellknowno

C（2017•全国卷HI阅读B节选）

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheold

theater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwith

teary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEd

Bradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetin

asmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?

A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Theaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

解析：选D根据选段中的aTheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemovie

becauseitseemedappropriate.v可知，电影TheLastPictureST?。沙讲述的内容和剧院

的命运一样，剧院经理EdBradford认为放映此部电影非常契合此时的情景。原文中的

"appropriate"和D项的“suitable”为同义词，都表示“合适的”，故答案为D。

D（2018•北京高考阅读A节选）

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.In

fact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

38.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

解析：选A根据选段可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一

名，由此可归纳出“他成功地跑完了这次马拉松”。makeit意为“达到预定目标，获得成

功”。故选A。

训练目标（二）综合练一一提高解题速度

（加黑的题目为细节理解题，加★的为间接细节理解题）

A

ParkwayCentralLibraryEvents

SummerThymeCooks

NowthroughWednesday,May10

SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7—12.In

fourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Food

ismeanttobeshared,soeveryclassendswithafamily-stylemeal.Studentsgohome

eachweekwithanewrecipeandagrocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients

（原料）sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!

Questions?CallJamieat215-686-5323.

WetheDetectivesFamilyFun

Monday,May15

Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat'sinsideourdoorsistoattend

ourFamilyEvent,takingplaceonMay15from10：30a.m.to12：30p.m.Thisannual

traditionisamuch-belovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.This

year'sFamilyEventwillfeature（以为特色）uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,

andadetectivestorytimewithourlibrarians.

Cost:$50Adult；$25Child（ages3—16）;Freeforchildrenunder3.

Formoreinformation,pleasecall215-567-7710.

TheArtofComics

NowthroughSaturday,May20

215-686-5403

Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstorytelling.Theartof

severalpioneersinthemediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,Rodolphe

Topffer,andWilhelmBusch.

SundayLiteracyProgram

Sunday,May21

215-686-5369

Thisprogramoffersdrop-inassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1st

through3rdgrades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:Read

Aloud,IndependentReading,LiteracyGamesandWriting.

Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国一家图书馆的活动。

★1.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?

A.Sharefood.

B.Bringrecipes.

C.Cookwiththeirfamilies.

D.Learnbasiccookingskills.

解析：选D细节理解题。题干的关键信息为cookingprogram,根据第一项活动Summer

ThymeCooks中的“Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthe

fundamentalsofcooking.”可知，参与该活动的人将会学习基本的烹饪技巧。D项中的

“basiccookingskills,,是对文中afundamentalsofcooking”的同义替换。

2.Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?

A.OnMay10.B.OnMay15.

C.OnMay20.D.OnMay21.

解析：选B细节理解题。第二项活动中提到“Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.”，由此活动的时间Monday,May15

可知答案。

3.HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?

A.It'sfreeofcharge.B.It9sfamily-friendly.

C.Itrequiresregistration.D.Itisintendedforadults.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段"Participantsneedtoregisterontheir

firstvisit.”可知,第一次参加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注册，而其他三项活动并

未提及此点，故选C项。

B

It'sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancer

CenterofAtlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It'

ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceover

thekids.”

Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed（诊断）withrhabdomyosarcoma,arare

typeofcancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.

Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhad

toreceivetreatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,

oneofherhobbies.

Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowcompassionate（有同情心的）thenurseswere

duringthatdifficulttime.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenurses

didwithherwhenshewasinthehospital.

“Around10thor11thgrade,Istartedthinkingaboutwhattomajorin,“Brown

said."IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystoryto

helpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,thebetter

Iknewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfieldforme."Shereceivedadegreein

nursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.

CarolineRooke,thenursemanagerattheAflacCancerCenter,said."Brown's

experiencesmakeheraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperience

thatwecanofferourpatients.It'sherspecialwayofgivingback.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。MontanaBrown两岁的时候就被查出患有癌症，并在医

院接受了治疗。为了回报社会，她在大学学习护理专业，毕业后成为那家医院的一名护士。

★4.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?

A.Amazing.B.Interesting.

C.Boring.D.Demanding.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段Brown所说的话“Thejobismorethananything

Icouldaskfor.It'ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohave

aninfluenceoverthekids.”可知，她认为回到这家医院工作是一件很酷的事情，她对此

很满意，故正确答案为A。A项“Amazing”与文中的“socool”为同义表达。

★5.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?

A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.

B.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.

C.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.

D.Sheintendedtogetsomeexperience.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段的“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknew

thatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.”

可知，她之所以选择当一名护士，是因为她想帮助更多的人，想用自己的故事给别人希望和

鼓舞。B项中的"inspire”与“inspiration”的意思是一致的。

6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrownJsstory?

A.Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.

B.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.

C.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.

D.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段护士长的话“It's

herspecialwayofgivingback.w可知，Brown在接受治疗期间从护士那里感受到了爱心

与照顾，这促使她毕业后选择成为一名护士，以此回报社会。她的故事告诉我们：每个人都

有回报社会的能力。

C

CourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeir

haircuts.

“Hey,howareyoudoing?Whatgradeareyouin?What'syourfavoritebook?Yeah,

Igotit."Ifyouthoughtyou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,

youwouldn,tbetoofaroff.Infact,you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,

theStorybookBarber.

Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offering

needyfamiliesachancetolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthecommunity.Holmesagreed

totakepartinit.Hewasholdingdowntwojobsatthetime-onewiththecity,

spublicworksdepartment,theotherasabarber.Saturdaywashisbusiesthaircutting

day,buthechosetodevotehistimetounderprivileged（底层的）kidssothey'dlook

sharponthatfirstdayofclasses.Butthenhehadasuddenidea."Thekidsshould

earntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktome."Holmessaid.

TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonth

forthenexttwoyears.5-to10-year-oldkids,wouldholdafavoritebook,settle

intothebarberchair,andreadaloudwhileHolmesgavethemahaircut.Iftheyhad

anydifficulty,Holmeswastheretohelp.Afterthehaircut,they'dreviewthebook,

fromthecharactersandvocabulariestothethemes—justlikeinschool,onlymore

fun.uThesekidsareeagertolearn,“saidHolmes."Andtheyareabletoopentheir

heartsthere.»

Holmesadmitshe,too,benefitsfromtheactivity.uTherewasaseven-year-old

boywhostruggledthroughhisbook,stuttering（口吃）overwordseventhoughhedidn'

thaveastutter,“saidHolmes.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice,"When

thechildcamebacknexttime,hereaditwithnoproblems.Thatinspiredme.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。热心人士士urtneyHolmes为学生提供免费理发服务的

同时，还为他们创造了读书的良好氛围。

★7.WhydidHolmestakepartinBacktoSchoolBash?

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Tohelppoorkidslookgood.

C.Toreducetheparents'pressure.

D.Toworkinthelocalschools.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段的“buthechosetodevotehistime...sothey'

dlooksharponthatfirstdayofclasses可知，Holmes提供免费的理发，让孩子们

在开学时显得精神些。B项中的"lookgood”就是对“looksharp”的同义替换。

★8.HowoftendidHolmesprovidefreehaircutsduringthetwoyears?

A.EverySaturday.B.Everyweekend.

C.Onceamonth.D.Onceayear.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在两年的时间内，Holmes在每个月

的第一个星期二都会为孩子们提供免费服务，也就是每个月一次。C项是对“thefirst

Tuesdayofeverymonth”的信息归纳。

9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHolmes'youngcustomers?

A.Theyarestudentswithreadingproblems.

B.Theylearnmoreherethaninschool.

C.TheygetalongwellwithHolmes.

D.Therearemoreboysthangirls.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段的"'Thesekidsareeagertolearn,?said

Holmes.'Andtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.""可知，孩子们在理发店里

能和Holmes敞开心扉，说明他们与Holmes相处得很好。

10.WhatcanwebestdescribeHolmesas?

A.Ahard-workingbarber.

B.Akind-heartedvolunteer.

C.Abusyandlovingparent.

D.Aresponsiblesocialworker.

解析：选B推理判断题。结合全文可知，Holmes两年的时间内定期为孩子们提供免费

理发服务，并与他们交流，辅导他们读书，是一位热心的志愿者。

D

（2018•郑州第二次质量检测）Chinesemovietheatersareneverrunningshortof

youthfilms.Youths《芳华》）,directedbyFengXiaogang,wasreleasedinDecember,

2017andhitthescreen.Butthisoneisdifferent:Itisdedicatedtotheyouthof

ourparents'generation.

Setinthe1970s,thestorybeginsinamilitaryarttroupe

（演出团），inwhichthesoldiers'dutiesaretosing,danceand

promoteculture.HeXiaoping,anewcomer,isatalented

dancer.Withapainfulchildhood,shewantstomakeafreshstart

inthetroupe,yetherfamilybackgroundmakesherthelaughing

stock（笑柄）amongthegirls.TheonlypersonwhoisnicetoherisLiuFeng,akind

andunselfishman.

Inmostyouthfilms,thecharacters?lifepathsareonlyinfluencedbytheir

ownchoices.However,theyoungpeopleinYoutharealsoapartof“thewhirlwind

（旋风）ofhistoricalchanges”,asfilmcriticJustinChangwroteintheLosAngeles

Times.Inaperiodofmorethan30years,theyhavetoexperiencethe“cultural

revolution（1966—1976）andtheSino-VietnameseWar,duringwhichLiuFengloses

onearmandHeXiaopingsuffersfromamentalillness.Thedisbandment（解散）ofthe

troupealsotearsthemawayfromthelifeandpeopletheyaresofamiliarwith,

throwingthemintoanewlifetheyknownothingabout.

Theyallhavetolearn“tomakepeacewiththepastandmakethemostofthe

present"，wroteGiovannaFulvionthewebsiteTIFF.

ButthereJsstillsomethingthatneverchangesaboutyouth.Nomatterwhattime

ofhistoryitis,peoplesharethesamelongingforloveandbeauty.Sunshine,laughter

andswimmingpools—thesetypicalimagesofyouthareallwellkeptinMr.Feng'

snewfilm.

Accordingtoifeng.com,Youthisactuallyanostalgic。怀I日的）andpersonalwork

thatMr.Fengdedicatestohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe."WhenIlook

backintime,everythingelseinmylifeseemstobeblackandwhite,“hesaid."The

daysinthetroupearetheonlypartofmymemorythatalwaysremainscolorful.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冯小刚导演的《芳华》这部电影的背景、主

要人物和内容等。在不同的历史时期，青春是有共性的。

11.WhatinfluencedHeXiaoping,sandLiuFeng's1ivesmost?

A.Historicalchanges.

B.Theirownpersonalities.

C.Theirfamilybackgrounds.

D.Theirlongingforloveandbeauty.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“However,theyoungpeopleinYouth

arealsoapartof*thewhirlwind（旋风）ofhistoricalchanges*"可知，历史的变

化对《芳华》中的何小萍和刘峰的生活的影响是最大的，故答案选A。

★12.WhydidFengXiaogangdirectthefilmYout/P

A.Toshowthecrueltyofthewar.

B.Tourgepeopletovaluetheiryouth.

C.Torecallthedayswhenheworkedinatroupe.

D.Todescribethelifeduringthe"culturalrevolution"(1966—1976).

解析:选C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句uAccordingto...Mr.Fengdedicates

tohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe.”可知，冯小刚拍摄《芳华》这部电影，

是为了纪念自己曾经在剧团里工作的经历，故答案选C。C项是对文中信息的同义替换。

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheyouthindifferentgenerationsaccordingtothe

text?

A.Theyalltreatsunshineandlaughterasthetypicalimagesofthemselves.

B.Inourparents'generation,theydon'tlovebeautyduetohardlife.

C.Theylongfortotallydifferentthingsvaryingfromgenerationtogeneration.

D.Thoughtheyliveindifferenttimes,theystillhavesomethingincommon.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"Butthere,sstillsomethingthatnever

changesaboutyouth.v可知，关于青春，有的东西是永远不会改变的，也就是说，青春是

有共性的，故答案选D。

习题彳里一

讲评沐一细节理解题增分点（二）——概括细节理解题

他题感电/么考.怎么解

匚典例］（2018•全国卷HI阅读C节选）

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages,lieasked

theworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsand

corridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodern

andtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledge

oftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinese

architecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

30.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

［解析］选D根据选段第一段第三句"Thiscreationattractedalotofattention

thankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.”和选段

第二段第二句中的uThroughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinese

architecture"可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王谕建筑设计成功的秘诀，故选D。

［干扰项分析］A项错在shapes,不是形状的混合，是现代和传统中国元素的混合；B

项错在EastandWest,是modernarchitecture和agoodknowledgeoftraditions的平

衡；C项错在popular,根据选文第一段第二句可知应是traditional。

［增分技巧］概括细节理解题要求通过思维分析将原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归

纳概括，即要“综合事实定答案"o容易做错的原因是没有全面分析所涉及的相关信息，只

是单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能做出符合题干条件的选择。

（1）通过关键词定区间。就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速把题干中的关键词标记出来，

然后根据关键词回到原文当中定位相关的段落、语句。

（2）通过概括定选项。概括细节理解题可能涉及文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个

位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实，

然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。

（3）兼用排除法解题。在遇到模棱两可、难以做出选择的答案时，也可采用排除法，将“无

此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

刷题集训/不准度•提速度

训练目标（一）对点练一一攻克失分短板

A（2018•北京高考阅读C节选）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticevery

year.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场），and

upto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisno

greaterwaxmoth

effectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswer

maylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreater

waxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteam

left100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthat

theworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,the

researchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14

hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass一apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes

（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin

2017.

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

解析：选C根据第一段中的"anewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachs

ofsomehungrywormsw以及第二段中的uResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecently

foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene…andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.”概括可知

大蜡螟幼虫能吃塑料，故选C。

B（2018•浙江高考阅读B节选）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhen

youconsiderthathe,sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,

includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatis

evenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein,sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehind

theplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somany

endupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallow

thematcheckouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,

includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadforthe

planetasmostpeopleassume.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

解析：选D根据第一段中的aisdefendinganindustry”和第二段中的"arehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadforthe

planetasmostpeopleassume”概括可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了说明他们

的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有害。故选D。

C（2017•北京高考阅读A节选）

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,she

hesitated.Shedidn,tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,

TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR."Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifference

betweenlifeanddeath,“saysTaylor.

Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Two

morerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice

（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris's

heartbeatreturned.

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchance

forsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

解析：选C根据选文第一段中的"Butwhennooneelsecameforward,Taylorran

toParisandbegandoingCPR.”以及选文第二段“在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心

跳恢复了(Paris'sheartbeatreturned.)以及选文第三段中的"Forasuddenheart

failure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinand

doCPRquickly”概括可知，Paris说她很幸运是因为她得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。

0(2017•江苏高考阅读B节选)

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,

abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhile

hatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirp

totheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.

Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheir

moms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwere

thebabies,beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthat

suggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom,s