铝合金材料表征英文

Chapter3Materialmodelandmaterialcharacterizationofautomotivealuminiumalloy5052H343.1prefaceThebasicpropertyofmaterialdecidestheusefunctionofthestructure.intheresearchofcarcrashesandlargedeformationofkeycomponents,thekeypointofsolvingtheproblemistobuildcorrespondingphysics-mathmodelinordertoacquirethespecificmaterialparameters.Asfortheautomotivealuminiumalloyinourresearch,weneedtoconsidertheresponsecharacteristicofthematerialmachanismonconditionofrealimpact(suchasdynamicloading,high-stresscondition,includingprimarydefectsordamage,etc).Bythisway,numerousperformancetestandfull-sizecomponnetcrashtestneedtobeconducted,whichwouldexhaustgreatlaborpowerandphysicalresources,buttheresultisstilldubious.Withthelimiteddiscretdataobtainbytheexperiment,itcanhardlycoverthespaceofallsolutionofthemodel.Forsomeextremeconditionsuchasshearingstresscondtion,highstrainrate(ε－1≥2×102),ithardtopredictitsmachanismresponse.Therefore,thismodelwebuilthasitscomparativelylargelimitations.Butcombinewithnumericalsimulations,itcanexpandthespaceofthemodeleffectively,whileobtaincompletematerialparameters.Theresultshowsthattheprecisionofnumericalsimulationislargelydependontheprecisionofmaterialparametertoinput.Intheanalysisoflargedeformation,mater-ialmachanismmustdescribethematerialchangefromelasticdeformation,elastoplasticdeformation,damageprogession,evolvement,fracture,whichismulti-stepmachanismprocedure.Besides,variousstrainrate,anisotropiccausedbyprocessinghistory,etcneedtobetakeintoaccounttoconsideritsaffectionwithconstitutiverelations.Previously,thisisaextremelycomplexproject,wheremanyproblemsisstillunsolved.J.G.BlauelandD.Z.Su,etcsimplyusedtensilebarexperimentcombinedwithfiniteelementtosimulatethecharacterizationofAW6016automotivealuminiumalloyandcrashtestofthetypicalcomponentsinautomobiles.Itpredictsthestaticanddynamicresponseofthealuminiumalloyandkeycomponentsinmacroperspective,andexpandG-T-Nmodelinmicroperspective,whichexplaintheductilefractureofthealuminiumanditsinitiationandevlovementbymachanismofgrowthofvoids,thatcouldbeappliedinengneeringcalculations.FranckLauroandBrunoBennanibuiltdynamicalloadingmachanismmodelonfinite-elementcalculationterrace.Thismodeltakeelasticflowandanisotropicofmicroholes’damageevolvementintoaccount.Therebythiscouldbeusedtopredictsituationofdamageandfractureofmaterialswithobvioustexturedeformationsuchasextrudedaluminiumalloysincircumstancesofdynamicloadingwithlargedeformation.TheotheronecontributionofFrank’sresearchistodevelopiterativealgorithmwhichisaexperimentcombinewithnumericalsimulationtoachievesolvingandcorrectthekeyparameterinmaterialmodel.Thismethodusesnotchtensiledataasthebasicinput,whichcanderiveparameterofG-T-Ndamagemodel,andrevisetheseparametersinconsiderofanisotropicfactors.Eventually,theresultofnumericalsimulationhitoffwithexperiments.Incomparewithothermaterialcharacterizationmethod,thiscouldavoidagreatamountofexperimentexpenses,andimprovingtheefficencyofmodelingrate.Ontheotherhand,thismethoddoesnotconsiderthechangesofdamagemachanismofthematerialsunderlowerstresscondition.Theresultprovedthatwhenthreedimensionstressdegreeisbelow1,withthereducingofstressdegree,shearslipfailurewouldtakethedominentposition,anddamageofvoidtypewillbesupressed.So,toadoptesingledamgemodelwouldlimititsapplicability.Thischapteristryingtoconductmaterialcharacterization,acquirefractureparameterofthematerialundersimpletension,notchandshearstress,tocarryouttensiletestinconditionofstatic,quasi-staticanddynamicloading,andnumericalsimulation,furthermore,gainmachanicalpropertyunderdifferentstrainrate.Twokindsofdamagemodelwerebuiltinthisbasis,comparetheprecisionofmodelandsphereofapplicationofthesetwo,todescribethedamageandfracturebehaviourinlargedeformationfrommacrophenomenonanmicromachanism.3.2Researchofmachanicalpropertytestofmaterialunderstaticanddynamicloading.3.2.1Basicintroductionoftheexperiment1.overallthinkingoftheexperiments.Asfortheautomotivealminiumalloy5052H3.4,itismainlyusedinweldproductioninbearingweightcomponentofcar-body,inactualcollisiondesign,thesestructurewouldmostlyhavelargeelasticdeformationbeforefailure.Therefore,it’snotenoughformaterialcharacterizationonlyconsideringtosatisfystrengthdemand,therheologicalfutureofmaterialinlargeelasticdeformation,suchasworkhardening,anisotropicandfacturefeaturesofprimarydamageandevolvement,etc.Whilethesemachnicalpropertiesaretiedupwithinsidefactorssuchasmicrostruture,distribution,andoutsidefactorsofworkingtemperature,loadingrateandstresscondition.Asforspecificaluminiumalloy,itsorganizationstructureisfixed,buttheworktemperatureandloadingconditionvarieswiththeactualimpactprocess,soweneedtoconductaseriesofsysmaticalexperimentsoncharacterizationofthiskindofaluminiumalloy.Takeresearchinmachanicalresponseunderstaticanddynamiccondition.Onthissense,thisisaproject,whichneedsparticularcategoryandunifyrequirements.2.BasicinformationofspecimensInaccordancewiththeactualimpactcondition,weneedtotakestaticanddynamicloadingmachanicalpropertytestinaluminiumalloy5052H43,theexperimentwasdividedintofivegroups,whichissmoothtensiletest,notchtensiletest,doublenotchsheartest,Iosipescusheartest,dynamictensileloadingtest.SerialnumberofthetestspecimensandexperimentconditionareshowinTable.3.1,sizesofthespecimensareshowinFig.3.2,thespecimensarecutfromoriginalplatebyusing(电火花技术),thedistributionofallthespecimensonplatecanbeseenonFig3.1.Asfortheserialnumberofthespecimens,takingPT1-UT-S1Qasanexampleforexplanation:蛇3.粪2.数2宇St棕at塑ic茧u眉ni内ax草ia愤l典te索sn章il垫e居te详st钳3.戏2.埋2.捕1膛e笼xp可er初im启en慕t旦eq之ui剩pm窝en皇t灵U玉ni纤ax绣ia拉l答sm货oo贯th要t育en既s暂il浩e漂te爹s讯t承is灯o帝ne援o敲f奔th概e宽ba彩si蓄c舰ma耳ch读an示ic居al蛇p猜ro稀pe较rt炼y坑te歇st雕,w轧hi帮ch吃i满s颂ma躺in极ly设u爷se淡d肌to谦m该ea拨su着re株f廉lo原w孟cu险rv阿e腰of税m桂at忠er区ia怨l专an粥d必st侦re这ng邻th峰i骗nd狡ex将.T还he柄p叼ri库ma自ry饼a漂im男o届f带th抖is宿t悟es匙t滩is泉t当o株me舞as撞ur请e列th兄e月ac狠tu明al掏s教tr视es坐s-鉴st屋ra适in呈c虑ur复ve箩a桶nd催f傲ra婶ct吨ur俩e奴p络ar济am买et掌er巴,爽in浑o胃rd育er下t随o游pr橡ov夕id默e凤wi苹th副m秋at磁er耕ia椒l沉pr蒸op贷er稼ty好f域or允f拦ol樱lo建wi醒ng水n以um钢er泡ic子al爸s境im汤ul贯at茎io葵n.半So令a栋s亚to欣e撤xp贞an崭d祥th览e屿sc臭al专e秤of鹅t政he秤t盒es摧t痕da棚ta蒙,o疑bt沿ai邪n尚pr露ac眨ti泡ca价l昏da银ta泄a驴s哄mu劲ch炒a等s法po薄ss队ib章le冶,t誉he指e奸xp窗er沿im缸en悲t龙ad恐op因te盖d丛tw挽o券se幕ts慢o椒f需eq妈ui按pm鞋en侦ts顾.o舒ne酬i王s层th极e接st改re办ng显th嗓-d毒is范pl妥ac且em死en愿t陪de塘t民ec绿t鸡sy芬st亦em科,w钱hi准ch侮u啄se互s测ex笑te偶nd丽-m银ea床su磨re抬me伪nt烦d州is事pl枯ac毅e狂me术nt川,a段ls项o怎lo醋ad廊in刊g冤se牺ns鸡or包t谣o到me厚as锤ur睛e部lo将ad挠,w刚hi胜ch刺i斑s迹o翁wn鄙ed沿b愿y落In侧st笔ro拨n天18谣86本t迹en佳si叔le诵t嘴es越t芹ma挨ch虹in遇e.怕巷An妥ot振he挂r无se籍t洒of盾m估ac蛋hi份ne喊i龟s北op认ti鸽ca耽l衬de日fo块rm径at泉io粮n宏me汉as释ur践e胳sy膊st蒙em厚,i桨nc座lu索di蛇ng骡s念ta态ti卫c胸ca挖me恩ra闷,d壶ig选it臭al拳t虾ra弃ns付it治io会n刃ca叼rd干a伐nd扰f瞒ol椒lo仁wi爱ng雕i让ma宫ge柜p涂ro询ce榜ss姻in述g策so鞭ft校wa六re纳a金nd宵d必ia围gr像a想m孤ca铃lc水ul炒at跑io没n认so待ft身ew忘ar阴e.松Th哭e排sy敢st戴em慧i掠s族eq独ui胞pe誉d腰wi扬th筋t颜wo努s师et须s刷of重d网ig吉it竞al纲c庸am白er骨a,开t忽he疑s孤ho柳ot严in演g锄an除gl忠e草is毁s兄ep哭er净at个iv叙el鹿y厕pe朽rp愈en御di理cu螺la膀r衔to狱f成ro当nt竹s仇id形e龄an友d沈la灰te姿ra之l疲si杨de针o眯f厦th霞e权sp贯ec曲im小en完s,近d景is些tr熊ib箭ut奖te纵d首by茧9垮0外de厚gr讽ee狱s.或Th欧e获re拍fo杆re缺i著t迎co陆ul四d沃de仙te法ct协c麦ha持ng秆es御i器n茂wi浪dt复h股an雁d农th作ic煌k猴ne量ss拢d脚ir亲ec厕ti尼on酷i寻mm栽ed铸ia颜te燃ly倦w弊he穷n盖th减e舌sp散ec戒im贤en足i随s鲁in擦t浑he射t体en恨si帆le耳p收ro夏ce纵ss异,w致it蛮h叉dy旷na问mi或c绘im培ag亚e瓶de镇te碗ct床in窑g鼻to滴a拣cq柏ui卸re夺c鞭ha聚ng姥es觉i配n灾sp体ec谎im我en豪s租ec察ti缸on如,s凶o课we恳c哄ou求ld副c缸al否cu展la征te姜t共he模m亭in评iu炉m丑se剩ct浇io蛙n夜si竞ze复A萌i悠,a房cc牛or风di锹ng跑t云o峡th蹲e那f肠or壳mu码la的ti妥on井i精n胀fi贺gu氏re杆3.鸡2唯to社c铸al交cu馅la准te陕t咳he京a抹ct腰ua尸l编s俊tr偿es孟s般,s苍tr姑ai敢n经in途t筑en务si株le裂p拼ro蝴ce闷ss雄,w靠hi肤ch眼c捞ou愿ld敢g星et昼s太tr茧es旱s-始st循ra只in拆r鼻el行at笨io凝n投of庄t哀he经精te跳ns胶il文e冷sp猎ec隆im禾en祥s境af抄te郑r找ne嫩ck已in抢g.票F羞ig帽3.渐3禁is菊t纵he私s感ch径em环at说ic染c航ha孙rt与o咏f党th兼e桥ex轨pe南ri寺me贤nt援e奉qu腐ip着me帅nt蕉s.雀Th呈es梨e吹tw峰o定se问ts跟o瓦f桐eq要ui博pm盆en闹ts史w洁or卷ks晌c酒ol灾la肯bo蔑ra关ti猫ve点ly阿.劝Th藏e臭co韵mm系on揪s厅tr版es辜s-郊di归sp熔lc花em登en君t圈is蚀m焰ai武nl钻y隐re闭sp枕on京si戒bl运e狭fo汉r拥re咬co疲rd敞in忙g港of近咽wh配ol误e宝co斯ur迫se返l档oa隶di锻ng牺d稍et华ec废ti陷on盲a脾nd阁e涨la灰st招ic殃d坏ef赵or菌ma神ti炕on效a岭nd街p下ar说ti手al及d梯uc肺ti境le润d惰ef皂or韵ma胖ti链on贿(b涛ef溪or户e胞ma篇xm隙iu柿m遇lo鹿ad督in系g)庆,w赠hi树le术t秧he站o价pt仔ic苍al洒d佣et圈ec孝ti障ng准s呀ys闲te拐m饰ai口m哭at畜r池ec粱or维di伐ng从o喝f枯de仓te染c毯ti惧on克o恩f天el优as滴ti伏c烫an滚d辽du荐ct赏il娃e(请be贡fo姥re绿f陆ra盆ct范ur袄e)俯d剑ef辜o嚷rm俱at勺io援n.金W拼e矛ca厦n狠se微e施fr亩om鼓C钩ha茅pe户r西2.骆3.券3搬th楚at筛t且he陷t怖ru援e馅st立ra葡in仿o蚁f稿al栗um些in治iu意m禽al异lo秃y依50欧52御H3微4制is债9笨.6折%占co阳rr单es撑po映nd辅t伶o妨st恋at竭ic恋m流ax脊mi腊um厘t铁en券si利le轨l镰oa丙d班at洒r柳oo帅m午te半mp台er合at挥ur门e,鸡an去d泻fr姨ac艳tu胀re艳s康tr务ai真n届ε膨f妹is弃7卵3%灾a蚂t研fr辫ac枪tu径ri赚ng椒,a拿t狸th绳is殖t狱im违e,喝th裤es猪e秤da岸ta蔑s膊eg鲜em际en锻t桌is率u席nd幻et散ec票ta阳bl良e困by辱u吨s塞in墨g煤or以di佩na扭ry嚷t或en蒜si缸le戴e阿xp佳er仰im固en考t,色an停d烂th概er恨e乳wi建ll舅b郊e逮se吃ve棒re颜卸er吧ro搂r筝i获n僻th戏e魂co硬mi田ng垫u掌p竖nu接me欧ri哪ca灰l备si抚mu垒la扇ti接on扁.开By法c蛮on雷tr任as惭t,嫂se柳gm冤en悲t剩da冠ta渡a背ft挎er绸n侄ec榨ki厨ng楚c役an眉b肝e知re别pa真ir准ed围i走f牌op捆ti惹ca瓦l四de呈te利ct厕in枪g式sy疾st递em轮i躁s示us愤ed滴,a魄nd寺t斧he钱m太ax西mi挡u偷m狼tr伴ue宴s肌tr巡ai应n股ca促n锈be袖m搬ea兼su哈re绿d栗up番t季o闹56月.1克%.真Th煤e答me裹a恒su柏re献p云ro渐bl夫em咬o姓f承st奖re缘ss道-s帅tr梨ai望n全cu雷rv村e足ca税n瓣be佩f剂ix裂ed吐b共y脆li狮ne绕ar碗i豆nt哈er用po盖la签ti缩on拼.C秀om馆pa为ri虾so瑞n元of罩C娃ur痕ve聪s霸of摧s铃pe犯ci焦fi舍c碧ma恳te屈ri炒al纯s这an畏d卡pr稼ec应is挪io府n炉of泰n不um银er递ic欺al摩s匀im爱ul假at袍io蛙n蛙wi处ll孤b哭e眼di盼sc割us现se逢d鼠in害t越hi晒s较ch壳ap壳te植r掩in好r度el禽at捧ed酒d伐ia眉gr睁am贪s挪.棵3.爆2.粘2.剧2瞒Di坑sc长us稍si柿on蜘1绘Re越la未ti营on器sh看ip蝶s轧of沟s翠tr忌es指s-欧st印ra徒in沫永Th锣e劣t涂ru毛e金cu作rv衰es固b唱y毫tw袭o迅se染ts追o颜f震di炭ff紧er忙en探t伯ki裂nd非s串of宿d是et酿ec衬ti挡ng扎s物ys奖te乔m累ca绢n绕be伏s押ho落w霉in肾F俗ig途3.味4,叮we亚c跑an址s件ee咐t释ha茧t补th绘e储da绒ta匙s筐ca昂le伤o址f穗op蓝ti析al禾d葵ef拆or林ma第ti亚on奉s忍ys欠te哈m吵co目ve轮re火d劝wi民de皱r,有wh泄il改e鸣th柄e词co虾mp斤le享xi探ty是a拿nd羡c珍os晕ts莲o器f注th尖i还s驶de顷te蚕ct宴in羊g缝sy套st升em想i霉s狐re判la擦ti臂ve涛ly翅h封ig纸he顺r.弄2声M内at接er饼i注al忘c回ha叠ra弄ct较er犁iz们at悄io森n史of青r衰el傅at稿iv负it多y烈of纪a湾ni充so堪tr袜op歼ic溉a与nd港s侧tr坡es初s兽co榨nd践it由io葡n祥答Sp店ec仪im疲en止o村f偿sm霜oo姑th咏t呀en出si识le政t淹es廉t鹊is浩本cu斧t锤fr拥om珍t完he供d回ir趋ec堂ti霸on赵o幕f幅ve乡rt暮ic用al炮a拒nd策p陵ar酒al窄le拖l乞to喂t狡he静r漏ol移li允ng稿d雄ir顶ec大ti敌on桂,璃th锹e阿en荡gi啦ne愁er金in努g春st仰re随ss王-s两tr传i黑an携c烘ur赠ve灭s攀ca面n村be呢s顾ee猾n摊in涉F只ig妨.3蛾.5夫.F绕ro片m则th吼e茅re功su研lt烘,脖th浪e棕ex旱pe仿ri它me痕nt遇d垂is吐pl希ay谁ed奔耗ex消ce廊ll价en体t侍re暮pi果ti敌ve牛ne他ss预a拦nd槐s谎ta瓦bl养it聪y老of规d押at疲a料re奸co京rd候in膛g.粘Cu扰rv皂es扣r净ea娇ct顷t届ha喷t米ve联rt间ic安al葡y遵ei钓ld际s鞠tr衰es椅s可is冒2亿2M狼pa返h袜ig志he萄r螺th某an酸p漆ar宪al络le械l抵yi膨el画d业st纺re议ss辣,t芦en仇si伟le坝s硬tr恨en丸gt拿h甩is式2苗6M华pa首h经ig染he吴r,歪wh昨ic碰h柄de易mo木st花ra膏t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营b突ec终om滥e菜ma拳jo愤r押te融st卫in数g羞to牵ol跌o缎f齿dy猴na冠mi矛c印pr歼op滩er石ty灰o慨f弟ma久te纤ri雀al盐.T仍hi舞s猫ki弦nd龟o狗f证ex迁pe闹ri灶me鞋nt宪i凶s茎ta挨ke杜n钥in权m塑et推al夫li按c胞la帜rg木e艘de辣fo脖ma订ti斥on疑d逼yn献am叉ic肯m哑ac跪hi瞒ns鼻m液re冈sp隙os覆e舱of柱s皂tr碌ai千n榆ra韵te征w察i翼th耕in辱1饲0刻2钳~1征0防4夹s抬-1才.ThekeypointofHopkinson’stestingtechnologyistoassurethatseparatethestresswaveeffectwithdynamicbucklingeffectwithintheimpactload.Therefore,theincidencepoleandtestpoleofthetestdevicearedesignedtobelonger,inordertosepperatetheinfuncefromreflexwavesofpre得ss临p付ol支e,泡so蹦t肝he姨e惭qu娘ip旬me渐nt喇w启ou掌ld拌t绢ak很e谢mu爷ch轮s党pa臂ce权.熊On脸t昆he台o烫th凉er候h精an捡d,梁du绍e广to血t革he慕炕st轰ri骑ct叫础re问st共ri碧ct衰io搞n秀of估贯sp敲ec卖im孟en伟s响iz钉e,畏wh势ic府h值co表ul滑d返ma味ke龄s啦ur膊e递du框ct精il慢e欺st怨re握ss祸w哄av乳e诞in乌t寇he痕c餐om趴po舅ne宋nt拼t故ak岭e案sm深al肺l摆pr次op蓬or洋ti富on末i素n祖st黎ru朋ct辱ur克e廊bu者ck志li殖ng置r疫es虫po干ns献e刘ti挽me界,c摸om通pr茂es裳s房st被re抹ss坚筐is谊w低el霸l忌di海st饭ri倘bu念te序d克in择c技om馋po则ne抓nt拒s.榆K扣ey描p誉hy绒si户ca台l齐qu华al宅it圣ie堆s槽ne蛮ed军t笛o喘be户d毁et恼er春mi浩ne于d她in欠t骄hi歌s补ex祸pe离ri币me辈nt之a睡re呆a鹊s止fo币ll雷ow盈s.inputresponseofimpactloadresponse,valueanddistributionofstructuralloadresponse,valueanddistributionofstructuraldisplacementstrainrateofmaterial,thekeyformulaareasfollows:processofimpactingload(3.1)Courseofinputandoutputloadingresponseofcomponents(3.2)(3.3)Courseofinputandoutputdisplacementresponseofcomponents(3.4)(3.5)A1andA0representsectionsurfaceofinputpoleandoutputpoleseperatively,Erepresentselasticmudulus;εI(t)iscourseofinputstrainandεR(t)isthecourseofresponsestrain.SincethedisadvantagesofcomplexityandbulkyofHopkinson’stestdevice,Nicholas,Ramesh,Franz,Ellwood,manyresearcherhaveimproveditinrecentyears,suchasrepalceincidentdeviceswithconcussivebulletshootbyhigh-pressuregasgun,whichreducedthevolumefodevicegreatly,increasedtheflexibility,whichmadethiseffectivedynamicloadingtestmethodpopular.4.TheimprovedejectiontestdeviceinthisresearchConsideringtheeffectivenessandconvenienceofdynamictensileexperiment,makingfulluseofpreviousequipment,anewparticulartypeofdynamictensiledevice-InstronVHSdynamictensiletestmachineinFig.3.10wasusedinthisresearch.ComponentsofsuchexperimentsystemcanbeshowinFig.3.9,includingthreesignificantpart.Executivepartofloading.Pneumaticchuckisthekeypart,Fig.3.11showstheprepareconditionofthepartbeforetesting,theupperistiedonthefixture,wellthebelowisconnectedwithfollowingsystem.Whenthebelowfixtureoftestingmachinereachescertainspeeddownsidedrivenbyhigh-energygas,followupsystemwouldfastenfixedpartofthespecimenbelow,whichcouldmakethedownfixturemovealongwithspecimenbelowsynchronously.Zimmerlaser-transientdispalcementhighspeedphotographyandforcetestingpart.Whenlowercliptiedupwithspecimentomovedownwardsynchronously,whichwouldtriggerthelasersensoratthesametime,andthenturnonthehigh-speedcamera,whichwouldrecorddeformationanddispalcementofthespecimenwiththescaledistance.Samplingfrequencyofshootingis2500fps.Analyzerelationshipbetweendispalcementandtimeofscalebounderybymeansoflaterdigitalimageprocessing.Comparisonofcalculationerroranddataoflocalfoilgaugeissmallerthan5%.Measurementoftensileloadviaaccelerationsensortomutiplyinstantaneousaccelerationbyqualitytogetchangesofsystemdynamicload.Formula3.6showsthecalculationindetails(3.6)WhereP(t)isinstantaneoustensileload,Mrepresentsmovablechuckcomponent,gisacceleration,a(t)isinstantaneousacceleration.Accordingly,wholedeformationenergyandimpactenergycanbederivedbyintergalcalculusofcompoundedload-displacement.datacollectionsystem.Itincludesdigitaloscillograph,latertreatmentpartofcomputer.Digitalizetheamplifiedsignal,withfilteringwaves,lastly,digitaldocumentswillbestoredincomputer.Thefilteringprocessadoptehigh-frequencyfilteringcircuitandsplinefitsmoothingtechniqueofultimatedata.Theadvantagesisthatsortingofwavecharacteristicscanbearificiallycontrolled,inaccordancewithvariousexperimentconditiontochoosefilterfunction,whichcanavoiddatadistortioninnfilteringbymeansofadjustingsmoothness.Commonsplinefunctionisdemostratedinformula3.7(3.7)fi-1,fi,fi+1,representfunctionvalueofi-1,iandi+1.f’trepresentthefunctionvalueafterttimesfiltering,thisfuctioncanbeiteratedendlesslytilltheresultissatisfied.5SizeofspecimenandinitialconditionsSpecimensizeisassameasthestatictensileone,orientationofspecimensisperpendiculartorollingdirections.Installfoilgaugessymmetricallyontwosidesofthespecimenwithinthemeasurescalebeforeexperiment,soastoadjusttwisterrorindynamictensiletest.Meanwhileprintglistenglueoflightcolourinthecenteroftestzone,whichisusedtohigh-speedphotography.Finallyfixthewholespecimeninthetensilefixure,andadjustlasertrigger.ExperimentresultRelationshipamongengineeringstrain,initialtensilevelocityandscaledistanceindynamictensiletestcanbedemonstratedas,(3.7)Inthisexperiment,it’scertainthatinitialvelocityoffixurev0is1.7m/s,scaledistanceis10.08mm.Averagestrainrateis169s-1,accordingtoformula3.7attensilecondition.Fig3.12showsthecurveofload-dispacementatdynamictensilecondition.Fig3.13demonstratetherelationshipamongengineer-stress,strainandtruestress-strain.Fig.3.14showsthecomparisionbetweendynamicloadandstatictruestress.Fig.3.15isthecomparisonofengineerstress-strainmeasuredbystaticnotchtensile,smoothtensileanddynamicloadsmoothtensiletest.Fig.3.16showsthatstaticanddynamicstrengthofmaterialandplasticityindexvarywithstrainrate.Thedataimplytheslightimprovementofthealuminiumalloystrengthwiththestrainrateincreasefromdynamictostatictensile,bycontrast,thefracturestrainincreaseby60%,shrinkageofsectionincreaseby18%,whichmeanstheductilityisenhanced.High-speeddeformationisdoneinshorttimeindynamicloadingtest,alotofheatisgeneratedandunabletoconsume,soitcouldbetreatasanon-exchangeheatprocesswiththeoutside.Sotemperatureoflocalmaterialwouldrisedramatically,machanismresponseofmaterialhasbecomeaheat-stresscouplingproblem.Onthebasisofdocument[82,83],asforAl-Mg-Sialloys,workhardeninganddynamicsofteningareconcurrenceunderconditionoflargestrainrate,theyareparadoxicalontheaffectionofmachanismproperty.Intheprocessofelasticdeformation,crossing,propagationandaccumulationofdislocationleadtonetworksofdislocation,whichcausedworkhardening,thehigherthestrainrateis,thelargerresistanceofslipmovmentofdislocationwillbe.Materialdeformsinthewayoftwincrystal,yieldstressandflowstressgrowswiththeincreaseofstrainrate.But,asforaluminiumalloys,R.Mignogna.etcfoundthatthestrainratesensitivityislowerattemperature,mindexissmallerthan0.1,soyieldstresswouldimproveslightlywiththeincreaseofstrainrate.Comparingwiththe6063aluminiumalloy,dataofstress-strainratehitoffwithourresult(Fig.3.17).Withthetemperatureincreasing,strainsensitivitygrowssignificantly.Whenthetemperaturesurpasshalfofthemeltingpoint,mvaluesbetween0.1and0.2.Allinall,notchsensitivityofaluminiumalloy5052H34isstrong.Withstresstri-axialitygrows,theplasticitydecrease.However,dynamicandstatictensiletestprovethatmaterialstrengthatroomtemperatureisnotsensitivewithstrainrate,butsensitivelygrowwithincreasingofductilestrainrate,whichhascloseassociationwithdynamicsofteninginthermalisolationprocess.Weneedtofullyconsideraffectionoftemperaturetoplasticflowinconstitutivemodelofmaterial.Temperature’sinfluenceonflowstresswillbediscussedindetailinupcomingchapters.3.2.4She