动词时态课件

英语语法－词性详解二－动词二、动词的分类(1)(3)(2)一、动词的定义三、动词的时态四、非谓语动词五、被动语态1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时5.现在进行时6.过去进行时7.现在完成时8.过去完成时4.过去将来时六、动词的基本形式10.将来完成时11.现在完成进行时9.将来进行时2021/5/91动词的时态

一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时式时2021/5/92类别特点意义举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思Iamastudent.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类返回2021/5/93二、短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Lookat,lookafter动词+副词Giveup,putinto动词+副词+介词Catchupwith,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容词+介词Beproudof,beafraidof复杂结构Makeupone’smind：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下返回2021/5/94三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致Iamreadingnow.第一人称数与主语在数上一致Hewriteswell.第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望1、谓语动词(如下)2、非谓语动词返回2021/5/952、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语Shelikesreading.分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语Thecupisbroken过去分词起形容词、副词作用，表被动Thesteamisseenrisingfromthewetclothes.2021/5/96一般现在时：一般过去时

amisarewasweredo（does）did2021/5/971.一般现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.We

often

write

to

each

other.我们时常相互通信。

常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every

day，once

a

week，yearly每年，monthly每月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。

eg.Heworkshard.他努力工作eg.Thesunrisesintheeast.Lightgoesfasterthansoundeg.Youwillsucceedifyoutry.IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday.

常与连词：when,assoonas,before,after,until,if如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句练习返回2021/5/98Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy,buteverynowandthenhe______acold.A.hascaughtB.iscatchingC.willcatchD.doescatch2021/5/99I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2021/5/910Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcome2021/5/911Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine2021/5/912Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou______tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write2021/5/9132.一般过去时(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.

e.g.HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago.Wherewereyoujustnow?(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态.

e.g.Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等.

e.g.AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish.

练习返回2021/5/914(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday,lastnight,twodays(months,weeks)ago,in1996,atthattime等,也常和when,if等引导的状语从句连用.

e.g.Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon?

Myfather,whenhewasachild,worked15hoursforthelandlordaday.2021/5/915(5).一般过去时可与today,thisweek,thismonth等时间状语连用.

e.g.Isawhimtoday.

Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek.2021/5/916A:Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.B:____Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn'tthink;weregoingD.had'tthought;weregoing2021/5/917Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain？I______whatyousaid.didn’tfollowB.don’tfollowC.haven’tfollow2021/5/918一般将来时和过去将来时willdowoulddo

begoingtodobeabouttodobetodobedoing2021/5/9193.一般将来时a.will/shall+动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成"'ll"，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shallnot和willnot的简略式分别为shan't和won't)(1)构成b.

begoingto+动词原形c.

be+动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get等）d.be+动词不定式（例：Youaretobebackbefore10:00p.m..你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事）(2)用法①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。②表示将要反复发生的动作

(3)常用结构①用于"祈使句+and+陈术句"中。Eg.Workhardandyouwill

succeed.

②与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelp

you.③用于"Iexpect,I'msure,Ithink,Iwonder+宾语从句"中。Idon'tthinkthetestwillbeverydifficult.返回练习2021/5/920

Lookattheblackclouds.It______soon.---Sure.Ifonlywe______out.A.israining;didn’tcomeB.istorain;won’tstartC.willrain;haven’tstartedD.isgoingtorain;hadn’tcome2021/5/921Theplane＿＿at7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.

A.hasleft

B.istoleave

C.willhaveleft

D.leaves

2021/5/9228.过去将来时（1）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.（2）构成：①主语+would/should+动词原形②主语+was/were+goingto+动词原形例:Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.Iwasn’tsurewhetherhewoulddoit.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtocome.WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisit

herunclenextSunday.返回练习2021/5/923()3.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe2021/5/924HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/925—Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?—OfcourseIdo.You＿＿inthelibrary.A.werereading

B.hadread

C.haveread

D.read

2021/5/926Thechildren＿＿veryquiet；Iwonderwhatthey＿＿upto.

A.were；arebeing

B.arebeing；are

C.are；do

D.arebeing；do

2021/5/927—What’sthematter?—Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.They＿＿＿＿myfeet.

A.arehurting

B.willhurt

C.havehurt

D.arehurt2021/5/928将来进行时：强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作will/shall+be+v+ing将来完成时：强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态,常和终止性动词连用。will/shall+have+ved

WilldotomorrowWillbedoingat4:00tomorrowWillhavedonebynextweekWewilldotheworktomorrow.Wewillbedoingtheworkat4:00tomorrow.Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow.2021/5/929现在进行时isdoing过去进行时wasdoing

2021/5/9304.现在进行时(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与now,themoment等连用。(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing)练习返回例:Listen!MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。

例:Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。

例:Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。2021/5/931现在进行时的练习1.

It’snineo’clock.Myfather____(work)intheoffice.2.Theboy____(alwaysput)therubbishintothebin.返回2021/5/9325.过去进行时(1)意义：（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?

2．表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.

去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。

3．用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.返回练习2021/5/933—Areyouavisitorhere?

—That’sright.I＿＿roundtheworldandnowmydreamofcomingtoChina＿＿true.

A.havetraveled；hascome

B.wastraveling；hadbeencome

C.amtraveling；hascome

D.havetraveled；hasbeencome

2021/5/934

—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?

—I＿＿forawhileand＿＿somereading.

A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodo

B.played；did

C.hadplayed；wasgoingtodo

D.hadplayed；did

2021/5/935A:WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?B:Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand______totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedChavestartedD.wasstarting2021/5/9369.-HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?

-Ihavenoidea.He_______itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did2021/5/937现在完成时和过去完成时

Havehaddone（has）done2021/5/9386.现在完成时（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。（2）结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词（3）四大标志词：

*以already,just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生

*以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过*以动作发生的次数为标志：HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.*以sofar为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生返回练习2021/5/939（4）注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介词短语,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。b.*时间“点”、“段”须分清for+时间段since+过去某一时刻2021/5/9406.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?-I’ve______tothebank.

A.gone,gone

B.been,been

C.gone,been

D.been,gone7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.

A.died

B.hasdied

C.hasbeendead

D.hasbeendied2021/5/9418.It’ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.

A.when

B.since

C.before

D.for2021/5/9429.—＿＿Bettythismorning?

—Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.

A.Haveyouseen

B.Willyousee

C.Doyousee

D.Didyousee

2021/5/9437.过去完成时(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如:Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.

当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。(2)构成:肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+hadnot+过去分词+其他疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他返回练习2021/5/9443)用法:A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：

(1)用by，before等构成的介词短语。eg:Lindahadlearnt10Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.(2)用when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句。

eg:Thetrainhadstartedbeforewegottothestation.

2021/5/945B.过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for,since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。

eg:IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere.2021/5/946Hardly…had主语donewhen…didScarcely…had主语donewhen…didNosooner…had主语donethan…did2021/5/947Hardly…had主语donewhen…didHardlyhadIgotintothehousewhenitbegantorain.IhadHardlygotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.2021/5/948Scarcely…had主语donewhen…didScarcelyhadIgotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.2021/5/949Nosooner…had主语donethan…didNosoonerhadIgotintothehousethanItbegantorain.Ihad

nosoonergotintothehousethanItbegantorain.2021/5/950She＿＿totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.

A.hasnosoonergot

B.hadhardlygot

C.nosoonergot

D.hadnosoonergot

2021/5/951Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never＿＿himtalksomuch.

A.Iheard

B.didIhear

C.Ihadheard

D.hadIheard

2021/5/952—＿＿you＿＿theeditorattheairport?

—No,he＿＿awaybeforemyarrival.

A.Have...met；hasdriven

B.Had...met；wasdriven

C.Did...meet；hadbeendriven

D.Have...met；haddriven

2021/5/953过去完成时JohnandI＿＿friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmas

party.Butwe＿＿eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.

A.hadbeen；havemet

B.havebeen；havemet

C.hadbeen；hadmet

D.havebeen；hadmet

2021/5/954—Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.

—Really?Where＿＿?

A.hasshebeen

B.hadshebeen

C.hasshegone

D.hadshegone2021/5/955现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响

强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在

过去完成时：强调过去的过去

完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作

have/has+been+v+ing

had+been+v+ing

2021/5/956—WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoMexicolastsummer?

—No,it＿＿forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.

A.wasraining

B.hadbeenraining

C.wouldberaining

D.rained

2021/5/957He＿＿articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe＿＿aboutfortyarticles.hasbeenwriting；haswritten

B.hasbeenwriting；wroteC.iswriting；hasbeenwriting

D.haswritten；haswritten

2021/5/958HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/9595.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I_________forChongqing/A.AmleavingB.willhaveleftC.hadworkedD.wasworking6.Moststudents(take)_______sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.2021/5/960

—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.

—I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿＿myguestsinmyoffice.

A.isbeingmet

B.willmeet

C.willbemeeting

D.willhavemet2021/5/961—IsTomstillsmoking?

—No.BynextSaturdayhe＿＿forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.

A.willgo

B.willhavegone

C.willhavebeen

D.hasbeengoing

2021/5/962—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?—I＿＿forawhileand＿＿somereading.

A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodo

B.played；did

C.hadplayed；wasgoingtodo

D.hadplayed；did

2021/5/963现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响

强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在

have(has)done过去完成时：强调过去的过去

Haddone完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作

have/has+been+v+ing

2021/5/964Since+点时间For+段时间Just,1year现在完成时Just,uptonow,sofar,tillnow,recently,ever,lately,already.yet2021/5/965现在完成时havedone现在完成进行时havebeendoingTherainhasstopped.Therainhasbeenrainingthroughtheday.=(sinceyesterday.)2021/5/966He＿＿articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe＿＿aboutfortyarticles.

A.hasbeenwriting；haswritten

B.hasbeenwriting；wrote

C.iswriting；hasbeenwriting

D.haswritten；haswritten

2021/5/967HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered2021/5/968动词的时态技巧总结点时间,by引导,选用完成式.//since点,for时段,刚好一年(just1year)现在完成时By+(theendof)+现在时间=现在完成时By+(theendof)+过去时间=过去完成时By+(theendof)+将来时间=将来完成时2021/5/969

1.时态:完成时：bynow:Wehavefinishedallthework(bynow).bynextweek:Wewillhavefinishedallthework

bynextweek.(bythetimeyougetthere).bylastweek:Wehadfinishedalltheworkbylastnight.2021/5/970一般过去时did

过去完成时haddone现在完成时havedone

Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe______!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromised2021/5/971她一到家天就开始下雨。(hardly…when…/nosooner…than….)Hardlyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Scarcelyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadshegothomethanitbegantorain.2021/5/9723.Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.

A.thegamebegan

B.hasthegamebegun

C.didthegamebegin

D.hadthegamebegun

2021/5/973

1.-WhereisJim?

-He_____totheshop.He'llbebackinanhour.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo2.Idon'tthinkI_______youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see3.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleftPractice:2021/5/9743.AssoonasI________(get)home,itstartedtorainheavily.(2003-12B)4.Hardlyhadwegatheredinthesquarewhenit(begin)_______torain.(2005-1B)2021/5/9757.Nextweekwe(sign)________thesalescontractwiththenewsupplier.(2006-6B)2021/5/9768.Hesaid,“I_________alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”(2002-12B)hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearntC.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt9.WhenIfoundLinda,she(play)___________tabletenniswithherfriendJean.(2002-6B)2021/5/9779.UptillnowI(spend)__________agreatdealofmoneyonbooks,magazinesandnewspapers.10.Inthesefiveyears,thefoundation(collect)___________alargeamountofmoney.11.ThisisthefirsttimeI(see)_________suchaterriblescene.2021/5/97810.Thepolicepromisedthatthey(try)_______theirbesttolookintothematter.(2002-6A)11.Thoughhe_____(prepare)wellbeforethejobinterview,hefailedtoanswersomeimportantquestions.(2005-6A)2021/5/97912.Jimtoldmehe(join)_______thearmytwoyearsbefore.(2003-12A)13.TomtooknonoticeofwhatIwassayingbecausehethoughtI(cheat)______him.(2001-12A)2021/5/98014.ThistimenextweekI’llbeonvocation.ProbablyI___onabeautifulbeach.(2003-12A)A.amlyingB.havelainC.willbelyingD.willhavelain2021/5/98115.Bytheendofthisyearthefactory(produce)_____20,000cellphones.(2005-12A)16.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I______forChongqing.(2004-6A)2021/5/98217.Moststudents(take)_________sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.(2003-6A)18.He________(work)inthiscompanysincehegraduatedfromAndongTechnicalCollegetenyearsago.(2005-12A)2021/5/98319.EversinceIarrivedhere,I________inthedormitorybecauseitischeaper.(2006-6A)A.LivedB.waslivingC.hadbeenlivingD.