阅读冲刺第二讲英语六级考试模拟试题三

大六级考试COLLEGEENGLISH—BandSixPart (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark"Thereisn'tanythingnobleaboutbeingsuperiortoanother .Truenobilityisinbeingsuperiortothe oncewere." Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexinwhatyouwilldotostaymodest.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension （30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA).Inafactory. C).Inadepartmentstore.B).Onacattlefarm. D).Atarestaurant.A).ToentertaintheToimprovetherelationshipbetweentheemployerandTokeeptheworkerscalmandrelaxed.D).Toincreaseproduction.A).BackgroundmusicwasoriginallyyedliveduringWorldWarPeoplemightgetfedupwithhearingbackgroundmusicalldayPeopleinLosAngeleslovesellingbackgroundmusic.D).Backgroundmusicisonlyyedinpublicces. C).Seven Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust B).Businessand A).BusinessWritingandSocialWritingandSocialWriting,StudySkillsandSocialA)Everymorningand C).FivemorningsandfourEveryafternoonexcept D).EverydayoftheA).Social C).BusinessStudy SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwoshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust A).TalktootherpeoplewhorentapartmentsinthesameMakesuretherearegoodlocksonallthewindowsanddoors.C).Checkthewaterandelectricitytoseeiftheyareworkingproperly.D).WalkaroundtheapartmentbuildingfordangerousA).DepositsomemoneyinaReadtheleasecarefullyandsignAskthelandlordforadamageSignthecontractandpayasecurityQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA).WhentheyarethreeyearsBeforetheageofAftertheyaresixyearsBetweenthreeandsixyearsA).Theyaremuchwiserthantheleft-handedTheyareascleverastheleft-handedTherearenotascreativeaslefties.D).Theyaremoreathletic.A). D). A).BecausetheyhaveaquickerBecausetheyareusuallymorestronglyBecausetheyseemtobemenofgreaterBecausetheyhaveabettersenseofSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearrecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbysomequestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16toA).TheydescribehowhabitsaffectourTheyareonissuesfacingofficeworkersTheyinvestigatethefunctionoftheTheyrevealhowmemoriesareA).Itenabledtheresearcherstotrackparticipants’ItprovidedexcitingimagesoffamouspeopleandItstimulatedvolunteers’memoriesofagivenItcausedsubjectstoforgettheirmemoriesforaA).BecausetheycouldbringaspecialfeelingtotheBecausetheycouldproduceadesirableexperimentalBecausetheycouldevokesweetmemoriesinpeople’sA).WordstriggeramemorybetterthanimagesandForgettingcausedbyrememberingoccurinanBrainactivityissuppressedwhenpicturesareTheresearcherscanwatchhowthebrainsuppressesNowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20toA).ItmakesmorechildrenunderfivesufferfromdiseasesrelatedwithItmakesabout2billionpeoplefiefromdiarrheaeachItleadstopoorqualityoflifeandenvironmentalhealthItslowstheeconomicgrowthofthewholeA).TheboomingeconomyhelpsallthepeopleinshakeoffTherapidurbanizationisthebiggestobstaclehinderingitsfurtherisboundtoembracearapideconomicdevelopmenternmentshouldputthepriorityonsanitationandcleanwaterforeconomicA).ItwillshareexpertiseandglobalpracticeswithotherpartnersabouturbanwaterandItwillbringcleanwaterandsanitationservicestoallItwilldemonstrateinnovativemodelsinenvironmentalpollutionandItwillprovidefundstosupportwaterandsanitationeffortsinNowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions23toA).TheycouldpaylesshousingrentinTheyencounteredlanguageandculturalbarriersTheywantedtoexperienceTheycouldgeternmentsubsidybylivingA).TheyntorenttheirhousestonewTheyaregoingtoselltheirTheymayrecetheirhouseswithhigh-riseTheyintendtokeeptheirhousesforprivate townisimportantin townisadvantageoustotheSino-foreignculturaltownishelpfulto towncan abroad PartⅢ ReadingComprehension SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingSeverewinterstormshaveworsenedthenation'susualpost-holidaybloodshortage, anurgentcalltodayforpeopletodonateblood.TypeObloodisthemosturgentlyneeded,becauseitisthe27 bloodtype,meaningitcanbesafely tomostpeopleinanemergency."Theseverewinterweatherhas dthecancellationofblooddrivesandlimitedour29 tocollectblood,"AmericanRedCross Dolesaid.TheRedCrossreportedhavinglessthanoneday'ssupplyofTypeObloodonhandin18oftheorganization's38collectionregions.TheRedCross abouthalfofthenation'sbloodsupply.America'sBloodCenters,whichsmostoftherest,alsohasreportedshortages.Reactingtotheshortage,aPittsburghbloodbankasked40hospitalsinwesternPennsylvania,WestVirginiaandOhioto31 electivesurgeriesthroughWednesday.Atleast1,000donorsareneededeachdayforthenextseveraldaystostabilizethesupply,saidMarkLynch,spokesmanfortheCentralBloodBank."We'retalkingabout(postponing)hiprecement,forexample,andorthopediccases.Thesearesickpeoplewhoneedsurgery,butit'snotlife32 ,"hesaid.Whenitsbloodsupplyis33 ,thebloodbankneedsabout700donorseachdaytomaintainnormalinventory.ThePittsburghbloodbanklastaskedhospitalstopostponeelectivesurgeriesbecauseofabloodshortageinOctober1995.Suchprocedureswerecanceledforalmostaweek.Nationwide,donationstypicallyfalloffduringtheholidays,when etoobusytogive .Badweatherincreasesshortagesbothby35 blooddrivesandbycausingincreasedblooddemandtotreataccidentvictims. I) J) K)immedia L) M) N) O)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowMarketersTargetKidsrepresentanimportantdemographictomarketersbecausetheyhavetheirownpurchasingpower,theyinfluencetheirparents'buyingdecisionsandtheyaretheadultconsumersofthefuture.Industryspendingonadvertisingtochildrenhasexplodedinthepastdecade,increasingfromamere$100millionin1990tomore$2billioninParentstodayarewillingtobuymorefortheirkidsbecausetrendssuchassmallerfamilysize,esandpostponingchildrenuntillaterinlifemeanthatfamilieshavemoredisposable e.Aswell,guiltcanyaroleinspendingdecisionsastime-stressedparentssubstitutematerialgoodsfortimespentwiththeirkids.Herearesomeofthestrategiesmarketersemploytotargetkids:Pester纠缠Today'skidshavemoreautonomyanddecision-makingpowerwithinthefamilythaninpreviousgenerations,soitfollowsthatkidsarevocalaboutwhattheywanttheirparentstobuy."Pesterpower"referstochildren'sabilitytonagtheirparentsintopurchasingitemstheymaynototherwisebuy.Marketingtochildrenisallaboutcreatingpesterpower,becauseadvertisersknowwhatapowerful itcanbe.Accordingtothe2001marketingindustrybookKidfluence,pesteringornaggingcanbedividedintotwocategories—"persistence"and"importance".Persistencenagging(aplea,thatisrepeatedoverandoveragain)isnotaseffectiveasthemoresophisticated"importancenagging".Thislattermethodappealstoparents'desiretoprovidethebestfortheirchildren,andysonanyguilttheymayhaveaboutnothavingenoughtimefortheirTheMarriageofPsychologyandToeffectivelymarkettochildren,advertisersneedtoknowwhatmakeskidstick.Withthehelpofwell-paidresearchersandpsychologists,advertisersnowhaveaccesstoin-depthknowledgeaboutchildren'sdevelopmental,emotionalandsocialneedsatdifferentages.Usingresearchthat yzeschildren'sbehaviour,fantasylives,artwork,eventheirdreams,companiesareabletocraftsophisticatedmarketingstrategiestoreachyoungpeople.Theissueofusingchildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkidsgainedwidespreadpublicattentionin1999,whenagroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsissuedapubliclettertotheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)urgingthemtodeclarethepracticeunethical.TheAPAiscurrentlystudyingtheissue.BuildingBrandNameCanadianauthorNaomiKleintracksthebirthof"brand"marketinginher2000bookNoLogo.AccordingtoKlein,themid-1980ssawthebirthofanewkindofcorporation—Nike,CalvinKlein,TommyHilfiger,tonameafew—whichchangedtheirprimarycorporatefocusfromproducingproductstocreatinganimagefortheirbrandname.Bymovingtheirmanufacturingoperationstocountrieswithcheaplabour,theydupmoneytocreatetheirpowerfulmarketingmessages.Ithasbeenatremendouslyprofitableformula,andhasledtothecreationofsomeofthemostwealthyandpowerfulmulti-nationalcorporationstheworldhasseen.Marketersnttheseedsofbrandrecognitioninveryyoungchildren,inthehopesthattheseedswillgrowintolifetimerelationships.AccordingtotheCenterforaNewAmericanDream,babiesasyoungassixmonthsofagecanformmentalimagesofcorporatelogosandmascots.Brandloyaltiescanbeestablishedasearlyasagetwo,andbythetimechildrenheadofftoschoolmostcanrecognizehundredsofbrandlogos.Whilefastfood,toyandclothingcompanieshavebeencultivatingbrandrecognitioninchildrenforyears,adult-orientedbusinessessuchasbanksandautomakersarenowgettinginontheact.BuzzorStreetThechallengeformarketersistocutthroughtheintenseadvertisingclutter(杂乱)inyoungpeople'slives.Manycompaniesareusing"buzzmarketing"—anewtwistonthetried-and-true"wordofmouth"method.Theideaistofindthecoolestkidsinacommunityandhavethemuseorwearyourproductinordertocreateabuzzaroundit.Buzz,or"streetmarketing",asit'salsocalled,canhelpa tosuccessfullyconnectwiththeelusive(难找的)teenmarketbyusingtrendsetterstogivethemproducts"cool"status.Buzzmarketingisparticularlywell-suitedtotheInternet,whereyoung"Netpromoters"usechatroomsandblogstospreadthewordaboutmusic,clothesandotherproductsamonguningusers.Schoolusedtobeacewherechildrenwereprotectedfromtheadvertisingandconsumermessagesthatpermeatedtheirword—butnotanymore.Budgetshortfalls(，差额)areforcingschoolboardstoallowcorporationsaccesstostudentsinexchangeforbadlyneededcash,computersandeducationalmaterials.Corporationsrealizethepoweroftheschoolenvironmentforpromotingtheirnameandproducts.Aschoolsettingdeliversacaptiveyouthaudienceandimpliestheendorsementofteachersandtheeducationalsystem.Marketersareeagerlyexploitingthismediuminanumberofways,including:1)sponsorededucationalmaterials;2)supplyingschoolswithtechnologyinexchangeforhigh visibility;3)advertisingpostedinclassrooms,schoolbuses,oncomputersinexchangeforfunds;4)contestsandincentiveprograms:forexample,thePizzaHutreadingincentivesprograminwhichchildrenreceive sfor pizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal;5)sponsoringschoolevents.TheTheInternetisanextremelydesirablemediumformarketerswantingtotargetchildren.It'spartofyouthculture.ThisgenerationofyoungpeopleisgrowingupwiththeInternetasadailyandroutinepartoftheirlives.Kidsareoftenonlinealone,withoutparentalsupervision.Unlikebroadcastingmedia,whichhavecodesregardingadvertisingtokids,theIn ctisunregulated.Sophisticatedmakeiteasytocollectinformationfromyoungpeopleformarketingresearch,andtotargetindividualchildrenwithalizedadvertising.MarketingAdultEntertainmenttoChildrenareoftenawareofandwanttoseeentertainmentmeantforolderaudiencesbecauseitisactivelymarketedtothem.Inareportreleasedin2000,theU.S.FederalTradeCommission(FTC)revealedhowthemovie,musicand gamesindustriesroutinelymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.TheFTCstudied44fi rated"Restricted",anddiscoveredthat80percentweretargetedtochildrenunder17.MarketingnsincludingTVcommercialsrunduringhourswhenyoungviewersweremostlikelytobewatching.TheFTCreportalsohighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Matureratedgamesareadvertisedinyouthmagazines;andtoysbasedon"Restricted"moviesandM-ratedgamesaremarketedtochildrenasyoungasfour.Guiltcanaffectparents'spendingdecisionsbecausetheydon'thaveenoughtimefortheirTheCenterforaNewAmericanDreampointedoutthatbrandloyaltiescouldbeformedasearlyasSchoolboardsallowcorporationstoaccesstostudentsbecausetheybadlyneedmoneyandTheFTCreporthighlightedthefactthattoysbasedoncharactersfrommatureentertainmentareoftenmarketedtoyoungchildren.Forthisgenerationofyoungpeople,theInternetisadailyandroutinepartoftheirAccordingtoKidfluence,"persistencenagging"islesseffectivethanthemoresophisticated"importanceAccordingtoareportreleasedbytheU.S.FederalTradeCommission,themovie,musicandgamesindustriesusuallymarketviolententertainmenttoyoungchildren.Buzzmarketingiswell-suitedtotheIn ct,becausethein ctiveenvironmentcanspreadmessagesAgroupofU.S.mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatitisunethicaltousechildpsychologiststohelpmarketerstargetkids.AccordingtothePizzaHutreadingincentivesprogram,childrenwillreceivesforpizzaiftheyachieveamonthlyreadinggoal.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingAllsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.Althoughthewomen'smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandualharassment(骚扰)suggestthatchanging rolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthe from18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelabor anddecreasingfamilysize—-suggestthatmajorlong-termchangeshaverestructuredtheroleexpectationsofmenandwomen.Thesechangesarecomplex.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelabor asfull-timeworkersdoesnotmeanthatasingle rolepatternisemerging.Onthecontrary,wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.AccordingtoKathleenGerson,"thedomesticwomanwhobuildsherlifearoundchildrenandhomemakingpersists,butshenowcoexistswithagrowingnumberofworkingmothersandpermanentlychildlesswomen."Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood.Despitewomen'sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.Womenworksubstantiallymorehourseachweekinthehomeandattheworkcethanmendo.Womenareworkingharderthanever,yetmanydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullThetraditionalrolesformenand are C)havebeenare D)arenolonger rolesisnotarecentissue womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaboroverthepasthundredmoreandmorewomen ingworkingmothersorchildlesstheconventionalimageofwomenhaschangedbeyondpeoplehavechangedtheirexpectationsofwomeninmodemThefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthe asfulltimeworkersmeans womenare ingmoreindependent C)asingle-rolepatternisemergingB)thefamilypatternsare ingdiverse D)womenareeagertoworkIt'sstatedinthelastparagraph womentodaystillsufferfrominequalityinworkandwomen'sliberationhaspromotedtheirsocialthesocietyexpectsmorefromwomenthanfromwomenaremorecapableanddiligentthanAccordingtothispassage,thestatementwhichisNOTtrue manypeoplestillfollowtheconventionalnormsoflifewomentodaygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomeninthemoreandmorewomenchoosetoworkratherthantobemendoasmuchdomesticworkaswomendoatPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingObesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalfor 's,andbodytype.Intoday'ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.ItoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertimeOnlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids(),thatcancauseweightgain.Themore weighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughouttheThehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumpharderto thebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightcedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.WhichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthisObesityputsaburdenontheManypeopleareconstantlyObesityisconsideredtobeaObesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthAccordingtothe obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchasobesitydoesnotaffect 'schanceofgettingadiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sageobesity inglessofaproblemintoday'sAccordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightDietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatingDietsleadtopeople'sguiltandTherearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentDietscausefeelingofWhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraphLosingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderSomesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthanAllobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextraObesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctors