第99至call cercles译一审二审早期微电脑不能呈现人声录音和易识别图像但这局限很快就被

碟系统出现后，就有了交互式影碟：Montevidisco影碟（SchneiderandBenni（Expodisc（Davies,1991交互式影碟的研发者在世纪年代学到的技巧同样适用于世纪年代早期广泛使用的多个人电脑（MPC。只读光盘（CD-ROM）是多个人电脑的标准。在20世纪80年代，只读光盘就得到了应用，最早用于大量文本，后来用于声音、静态图像及。到20世纪90年代中期，语言学习者可以接触到各种各样的多只读光盘，包括虚构的模拟课堂活动教学片断。例如《谁是•（由纽约语言互动公司制作。多个在质量和使用灵活性上均超过了后者。在CD-ROM（DVD，DVD频 。但是，21世纪初社会进步巨大，网也成为CALL的活动中心2010，（MALL（Shield8）中使用手持可携带设备以及在第二生活（Molka-DanielsenandDeutsann,2009）这种虚拟世界中进行教学。即，CALL（Bax,2003;BaxandChambers,2006referringtoWarschauer,1996,andtoWarschauerandHealey,1998。现在，CALL对诸多语言教学和学习活动都产生了影响。任何一个语言中心几乎都拥有多台多电脑，并能提供网络资源。CALL在自主学习、学习CALL在英国语言学习（ALL、英国文化教育、欧洲、学院、国际现代语言教师（FIPLV）及国际英语教师（IATEFL）的活中是其。建立时间最长的三大是计算机辅助语言教学（CALICO《计算机辅助语言教学会（EUROCALL《欧洲计算机辅助语言教学研究会）和国际语言学习技术（IALLT《国际语言教学技术会。近期的包括亚太地区计算机辅助外语教学（APACALL《亚太地区计算机辅助外语教学通（AsiaCALL CALL辅助语言教育与技 （JALTCALL 计算机辅助语言教育与技会 （PacCALL会InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyforlanguageteachers(ICT en/enjiome.htmLanguageLearningTechnologyJournal(LLTJ)\deslanguesetemesd’informationetdecommunication(ALSIC-LanguageLearningandInformationandCommunicationsTechnology):.Ahmad,K.,Corbett,G.,Rogers,M.andSus,R.(1985)Computers,LanguageLearningandLanguageTeaching,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Bax,S.(2003)‘CALL-past,presentandfuture’,System31:13-Bax,S.andChambers,A.(2006)‘MakingCALLwork:towardstion’,System34,4:465-Davies,G.D.(1991)‘Expodisc-aninctivediscpackagelearnersofH.SavolainenandJ.enius(eds),EURO-CALL91:proceedings,Helsinki:HelsinkiSchoolofEconomics.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1982)Computers,LanguageandLanguageLearning,London:CELT.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1985)UsingComputersinLanguageLearning:ATeacher'sGuide,London:CILT.Higgins,J.J.andJohns,T.(1984)ComputersinLanguageLearning,LJohns,T.andKing,P.(eds)(1991)ClassroomConcordancing,specialissueofELRJournal4,UniversityofBirmingham,CentreforEnglishLanguageStudies.Kenning,M.J.andKenning,M.M.(1984)AnIntroductiontoComputerAssistedLanguageTeaching,Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Last,R.W.(1984)LanguageTeachingandtheuter,Oxford:BlLast,R.W.(1989)ArtificialIligenceTechniquesinLanguageLearning,Chichester:Ellis.Marty,F.(1981)‘Reflectionsontheuseofcomputersinseconduageacquisition’,System9,2:85-Matthews,C.(1994)‘InligentComputerAssistedLanguageLearningascognitivescience:thechoiceofsyntacticframeworksforlanguagetutoring’,JournalofArtificialIligenceinEducation5,Molka-Danielsen,J.andDeutsann,M.(eds)(2009)LearningandTeachingintheVirtualWorldofSecondLife,Trondheim,Norway:TapirAcademicPress.Schneider,E.W.andBennion,J.L.(1984)‘Veni,vidi,vici,viadisc:asimulatorforinstructionalcourseware’.InD.H.Wyatt(ed.),ComputerAssistedLanguageInstruction,Oxford:Pergamon.Shield,L.andKukulska-Hulme,A.(eds)(2008)specialeditionofReCALL(20,3)onAssistedLanguageLearning.Sinclair,J.(ed.)(2004)HowtoUseCorporainLanguageTeaching,Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins.Thomas,M.(ed.)(2008)HandbookofResearchonWeb2.0andSecondLanguageLearning,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Thomas,M.andSid,E.C.(eds)(2010)IctiveWhisforEducation:Theory,ResearchandPractice,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Tribble,C.andJones,G.(1997)ConcordancingintheClassroom:AResourceGuideforTeachers,Houston,TX:AthelstanPublications.Warschauer,M.(1996)‘Computer-assistedlanguagelearning:anintroduction’.InS.Fotos(ed.),MultimediaLanguageTeaching,Tokyo:LogosInternational.Warschauer,M.andHealey,D.(1998)‘Computersandlanguagelearning:anoverview’,LanguageTeaching31:57-71.CALLJournal,London:Davies,G.D.(2005)‘ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning:wherearewenowandwherearewegoing?’, Delcloque,P.(2000)HistoryofCALL Dudeney,G.(2007)TheInternetandtheLanguageClassroom,2ndedn,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Felix,U.(2008)‘TheunreasonableeffectivenessofCALL:whathavewelearnedintwodecadesofresearch?’ReCALL20,2:141-61.Hubbard,P.(2009)(ed.)ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning,vols-IV,LondonandNewYork:Korsvold,A.-K.andRuschoff,B.(eds)(1997)NewinLanguageLearningandTeaching,Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope.Levy,M.(1997)CA