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千里之行,始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐《英文新闻写作》考试复习资料JournalismGlossary
四、名词解释(共5小题,每小题3分,共计15分。)
Agenda-setting:atheoryofmasscommunicationsuggestingnewsmediainfluenceaudiencesthroughthechoiceofstoriestocoverandspaceortimegiventhem;thus,mediadeterminewhichissuespeopleshouldthinkabout.
Anchors:newscasterswhohostnewsbroadcasts.
Body:themainpartorcentralinformationofanewsstoryfollowingthelead.
By-line:Alineatthebeginningofsomewritinginanewspaperormagazinegivingthewriter’sname.
Citizenjournalist:therapidriseofInternettechnology,inparticularblogging,tweetingandsocialnetworking,haveempoweredpersonswithoutprofessionaltrainingtofunctionsometimesasjournalistsfeedinginformationtomassmedia.Thesepractitionersnowareknownasadistinctcategory--citizenjournalists.
Column:anarticleinwhichawriterorcolumnistgivesanopiniononatopicDatelinereferstothecityfromwhichanewsstoryoriginates.Itusuallycomesrightatthestartofthestory.
Editor:thepersonwho"edits"astorybyrevisingandpolishing;thepersonwhosejobistoapprovecopywhenitcomesinandtomakedecisionsaboutwhatispublishedinanewspaperormagazine.
Editorial:anarticleexpressinganewspaperormagazineowner'soreditor'spositiononanissue.
Featurewriting:journalisticwritingcoveringpeople,placesandeventsingreaterdepthandwithlesstimelinessthananimmediatehardnewsstory.
Gatekeepers:peoplewhodeterminewhatwillbeprinted,broadcast,produced,orconsumedinthemassmedia.
Hardnews:immediatefactualaccountsofimportantevents,oftenappearingfirstonline,inabroadcastorinanewspaper.
Headline:the"title"ofanewspaperormagazinestory.
In-depth:anewsstorythatiscomprehensive,thoroughanddetailed.
Invertedpyramid:thestructureofanewsstorywhichplacestheimportantfactsatthebeginningandlessimportantfactsanddetailsattheend,enablingtheeditortocutbottomportionofthestoryifspaceisrequired.
Journalisticethics:generallyacceptedprinciplesofrightandwrongandgoodstandardsandpracticesapplicabletoprofessionaljournalists.
Layouteditor:thepersonwhobeginsthelayoutplan,consideringthingslikeplacementandamountofspaceallottedtonewsandadvertisingcopy,graphics,photos,andsymbols
Lead:thefirstsentenceorfirstfewsentencesofastory
Managingeditor:thepersonwhoco-ordinatesallnewsdepartmentsbycollectingallcopyandensuringthatallinstructionsforprinterortypistareclearandconsistent;thepersonwhomeetsandconsultswiththestafftomakeaplan
五、简答题(回答下列问题,每个题目至少包含三个要点。共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分。)
1.Whatarethemainelementsofnewsvalues?
●timeliness
●proximity
●prominence
●conflict
●currency
●impact
●humaninterest
2.Listtheconventionsforwritingnewsleads.
●Aleadshouldcontaintheessenceofthestory.
●Aleadshouldbeginwiththemostimportantelementsofinformation.
●Aleadwritershouldusetheactivevoiceifpossible.
●Aleadshouldbepositive.
●Aleadwritershouldtrytoplacethetimeelementbeforeoraftertheverb.
●Aleadwritershouldtrynottooverwhelmthereaderwithtoomuchdetail.
●Aleadwritershouldalwaysavoideditorializingandalwaysindicatethesourceof
information.
●Aleadshouldavoidmentioningnamesunfamiliartothereader.
●Aleadshouldavoidabstractwordsandusevivid,concretewordsthatenablethe
readertovisualizethescene.
●Areportermaychoosetobeginaleadwithwhatisdirectlyrelatedtopeople’s
everydaylife.
3.TipsforFineNewsWriting
Beingcorrectisnecessarybutnotsufficient.
(1)Goodwritingshouldbeprecise.
(2)Goodwritingshouldbeclear.
●Keepsentencesshort.
●Keeptooneideaasentence.
●Favorsubject-verb-objectsentences.
●Avoidusingmorethanthreeprepositonalphrasesinonesentence.
●Avoidusingmorethanthreenumbersinonesentence.
●Useplainandsimplewordsinsteadofjargon,journalese,orcliches.
(3)Goodwritingshouldbeconcrete.
(4)Goodwritingshouldappealtothereader’ssenses.
4.Whatarethefunctionsofnewsheadlines?
●Summarizethenews.
●Attractthereader’sattentionwithlargeprintandsometimeswithlanguageof
shockingorsensationaleffect.
●Indexthenews.
●Decoratethepage.
●Fillthespace.
5.Whatarethetipsforproducinggreatnewsfeatures?
●Findatopicthat’sdoable.
Whatyouneedtodoisfindanarrow,focusedtopicthatcanbecoveredreasonablywellinthespaceofa1,500-wordnewsfeature.
●Findrealpeople.
Youhavetohaverealpeopleinyourstorieswhowillbringthetopicyou’rediscussingtolife.
●Getplentyoffactsandstatistic
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