《英文新闻写作》考试复习资料

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐《英文新闻写作》考试复习资料JournalismGlossary

四、名词解释（共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分。）

Agenda-setting:atheoryofmasscommunicationsuggestingnewsmediainfluenceaudiencesthroughthechoiceofstoriestocoverandspaceortimegiventhem;thus,mediadeterminewhichissuespeopleshouldthinkabout.

Anchors:newscasterswhohostnewsbroadcasts.

Body:themainpartorcentralinformationofanewsstoryfollowingthelead.

By-line:Alineatthebeginningofsomewritinginanewspaperormagazinegivingthewriter’sname.

Citizenjournalist:therapidriseofInternettechnology,inparticularblogging,tweetingandsocialnetworking,haveempoweredpersonswithoutprofessionaltrainingtofunctionsometimesasjournalistsfeedinginformationtomassmedia.Thesepractitionersnowareknownasadistinctcategory--citizenjournalists.

Column:anarticleinwhichawriterorcolumnistgivesanopiniononatopicDatelinereferstothecityfromwhichanewsstoryoriginates.Itusuallycomesrightatthestartofthestory.

Editor:thepersonwho"edits"astorybyrevisingandpolishing;thepersonwhosejobistoapprovecopywhenitcomesinandtomakedecisionsaboutwhatispublishedinanewspaperormagazine.

Editorial:anarticleexpressinganewspaperormagazineowner'soreditor'spositiononanissue.

Featurewriting:journalisticwritingcoveringpeople,placesandeventsingreaterdepthandwithlesstimelinessthananimmediatehardnewsstory.

Gatekeepers:peoplewhodeterminewhatwillbeprinted,broadcast,produced,orconsumedinthemassmedia.

Hardnews:immediatefactualaccountsofimportantevents,oftenappearingfirstonline,inabroadcastorinanewspaper.

Headline:the"title"ofanewspaperormagazinestory.

In-depth:anewsstorythatiscomprehensive,thoroughanddetailed.

Invertedpyramid:thestructureofanewsstorywhichplacestheimportantfactsatthebeginningandlessimportantfactsanddetailsattheend,enablingtheeditortocutbottomportionofthestoryifspaceisrequired.

Journalisticethics:generallyacceptedprinciplesofrightandwrongandgoodstandardsandpracticesapplicabletoprofessionaljournalists.

Layouteditor:thepersonwhobeginsthelayoutplan,consideringthingslikeplacementandamountofspaceallottedtonewsandadvertisingcopy,graphics,photos,andsymbols

Lead:thefirstsentenceorfirstfewsentencesofastory

Managingeditor:thepersonwhoco-ordinatesallnewsdepartmentsbycollectingallcopyandensuringthatallinstructionsforprinterortypistareclearandconsistent;thepersonwhomeetsandconsultswiththestafftomakeaplan

五、简答题（回答下列问题，每个题目至少包含三个要点。共4小题，每小题5分，共计20分。）

1.Whatarethemainelementsofnewsvalues?

●timeliness

●proximity

●prominence

●conflict

●currency

●impact

●humaninterest

2.Listtheconventionsforwritingnewsleads.

●Aleadshouldcontaintheessenceofthestory.

●Aleadshouldbeginwiththemostimportantelementsofinformation.

●Aleadwritershouldusetheactivevoiceifpossible.

●Aleadshouldbepositive.

●Aleadwritershouldtrytoplacethetimeelementbeforeoraftertheverb.

●Aleadwritershouldtrynottooverwhelmthereaderwithtoomuchdetail.

●Aleadwritershouldalwaysavoideditorializingandalwaysindicatethesourceof

information.

●Aleadshouldavoidmentioningnamesunfamiliartothereader.

●Aleadshouldavoidabstractwordsandusevivid,concretewordsthatenablethe

readertovisualizethescene.

●Areportermaychoosetobeginaleadwithwhatisdirectlyrelatedtopeople’s

everydaylife.

3.TipsforFineNewsWriting

Beingcorrectisnecessarybutnotsufficient.

(1)Goodwritingshouldbeprecise.

(2)Goodwritingshouldbeclear.

●Keepsentencesshort.

●Keeptooneideaasentence.

●Favorsubject-verb-objectsentences.

●Avoidusingmorethanthreeprepositonalphrasesinonesentence.

●Avoidusingmorethanthreenumbersinonesentence.

●Useplainandsimplewordsinsteadofjargon,journalese,orcliches.

(3)Goodwritingshouldbeconcrete.

(4)Goodwritingshouldappealtothereader’ssenses.

4.Whatarethefunctionsofnewsheadlines?

●Summarizethenews.

●Attractthereader’sattentionwithlargeprintandsometimeswithlanguageof

shockingorsensationaleffect.

●Indexthenews.

●Decoratethepage.

●Fillthespace.

5.Whatarethetipsforproducinggreatnewsfeatures?

●Findatopicthat’sdoable.

Whatyouneedtodoisfindanarrow,focusedtopicthatcanbecoveredreasonablywellinthespaceofa1,500-wordnewsfeature.

●Findrealpeople.

Youhavetohaverealpeopleinyourstorieswhowillbringthetopicyou’rediscussingtolife.

●Getplentyoffactsandstatistic