新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程B1U8-Section-A-Gender-variables-in-friendship-Contradiction-or-not课件

1Unit8 FriendshipacrossgenderandborderFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSHEBEIUNIVERSITY2applythereadingskill–findingthemainideaofaparagraph3composeapassagewiththewritingskillofcontrast4practicethetranslationskill–amplification5makeatalkshowoncross-genderfriendshipusethekeylanguagetotalkaboutfriendshipacrossgenderandborder1

ObjectivesSectionA Gendervariablesinfriendship:Contradictionornot?ProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectforecastingInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitLead-inWorkinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Howdoyouunderstandfriendship?SomepeopledefineitasTRAVEL,eachletterstandingforawordthatiscloselyrelatedtofriendship.Canyoufigureoutwhatthesixlettersrefertorespectively?

TmeanstrustRmeansrespectAmeansaffectionStep1ProjectoftheunitLead-inTaskTalkingaboutfriendshipVmeansvirtueEmeansenjoymentLmeanslaughter

2. Howdoyouchooseafriend?Whatqualitiesareyourfriendssupposedtohave?Wordstodescribeafriend:Honest,friendly,kind,optimistic,helpful,dynamic,trustworthy,humorous,easygoing,passionate,persistent,active…ProjectoftheunitLead-inWatchthevideoclipandthenworkingroupstoanswerthefollowingquestions.

Step2ProjectoftheunitLead-in1.Whathappenedinthevideoclip?Tips:Dolaundry,occupythereserve,strivefor,dispute,obeytherule,makeaconcession.2.Whatarethedifferencesofthetwofriends’personality?Thelady:gentle,cowardly,easy-to-quit,concessive.

Theman:masculine,aggressive,helpful,just,courageous.ProjectoftheunitLead-in3.Whatcausedsuchdifferences?Differentgenders,backgrounds,lifeexperiences…4. Doyouhavemorefriendsofthesamegenderthanfriendsoftheoppositegender?Whatdoyouthinkarethedifferencesbetweenmalefriendsandfemalefriends?Differentbehaviorandcommunicationstyles,physicaldifferences,differentsocialimagesandroles,differentvaluesoflife,differentemotionalandrationalprocesses…ProjectoftheunitLead-inLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitProjectforecastingJFriendshipisauniversalelementallaroundtheworld.However,itisexpressedtremendouslydifferentacrossgendersorcultures.That’swhatyouareexpectedtolearnandtalkaboutinthisunit.Bytheendofthisunit,youareexpectedtomakeatalkshowprogramonthefollowingtopic:Inwhatwaycanwemaintainourfriendshipwithmalefriendsandfemalefriendsrespectively?Pleasegetpreparedbydoingthefollowingactivities.ProjectoftheunitEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitGlobalunderstandingDetailedunderstandingInspiringyourthoughts1. Howdoestheauthorpresentthetopicandhiscontrollingideaofthetopicinthistext?2.Howdoestheauthorillustrateexamplestosupporthisidea?3.Howdoestheauthordrawtheconclusion?

Skimthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingTaskGlobalunderstandingofthetext1. Howdoestheauthorpresentthetopicandhiscontrollingideaofthetopicinthistext?Para.1informsthereaderthattheauthorhasentirelydifferentpicturesofhisfemalefriendsandmalefriends.Theauthormakescomparisonsandcontrastsofhismemoriesofhisfemalefriendsandmalefriendsincinematicterms.InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingReferenceanswers:2.Howdoestheauthorillustrateexamplestosupporthisidea?FromParas.2-4,theauthorprovidestwoexamplestoillustratehowdifferentlyhecommunicateswithhismalefriendDonald(Paras.2-3)andhisfemalefriendJessica(Para.4).3.Howdoestheauthordrawtheconclusion?Thetwoexamplesleadtothediscussionaboutgenderdifferencesinfriendship(Para.5)andtheircauses(Para.6).InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingGlobalunderstandingEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitDetailedunderstandingInspiringyourthoughts1. Intheauthor’s“movie”memories,howdohisfemalefriendsbehavetowardhim?2. Whydoesauthorsayhismemoriesofmalefriendsarelikeanactionoradventuremovie?3. Howdidtheauthor’scommunicationstylewithwomendifferfromthatwithmen?4. Howdo“nature”and“nurture”respectivelyleadtodifferentemotionalandrationalprocessesformenandwomen?5. Accordingtotheauthor,howdomendifferfromwomeninbehaviorandcommunicationstyles?6. WhydidtheauthorfeelrelievedafterhereadMenArefromMars,WomenArefromVenusandotherarticles?Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstandingTask1Detailedunderstandingofthetext1. Intheauthor’s“movie”memories,howdohisfemalefriendsbehavetowardhim?Hisfemalefriendslookstraightintohiseyes,sensitivetohisfeelings,andlistentohimwithdeliberateattention.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstandingReferenceanswers:2. Whydoesauthorsayhismemoriesofmalefriendsarelikeanactionoradventuremovie?Becauseheandhismalefriendsdon’ttalkmuch;instead,theyshowtheirfriendshipbywhattheydo.tobecontinued3. Howdidtheauthor’scommunicationstylewithwomendifferfromthatwithmen?Withwomen,hecouldbeopen,emotionallyhonest,andtransparentwhilewithmen,hecouldn’texpresshiscaringfeelingsnomatterhowdeepthefriendshipwas.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstanding4. Howdo“nature”and“nurture”respectivelyleadtodifferentemotionalandrationalprocessesformenandwomen?Intermsofnature,menandwomenarebornwithverydifferentgenetictendencies.Intermsofnurture,thesegenetictendenciesarefurtherencouragedbysocietyaseither“masculine”or“feminine”.tobecontinued5. Accordingtotheauthor,howdomendifferfromwomeninbehaviorandcommunicationstyles?Mentendtobemorerestrainedwithemotionalexpressionsthanwomen.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstanding6. WhydidtheauthorfeelrelievedafterhereadMenArefromMars,WomenArefromVenusandotherarticles?Becausehewasassuredthathewasa“normalguy”anditwasfineforhimtotreathisfemalefriendsandmalefriendsindifferentways.Thinkoverthefollowingtwoquestionsandshareyourideaswithyourclassmates.Summarizeyourideasandwriteaparagraphconcerningthetwoquestions.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstandingTask2Criticalthinking1. Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sideaaboutmalefriendsandfemalefriends’differencesaccordingtoyourmemoryorexperience?2. Recallyourcommunicationstylewithyourmalefriendsandfemalefriends;andlistthedifferenceswhichmaybepresentedinyourwriting.StructureanalysisPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsLanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusAparagraphofcontrastEnhancingyourskills

Matchthewordswiththeirmeanings.Step1EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearningTask1Learningadjectivestotalkaboutmale/femalefriendsintimatemagneticrationalsensitiverigidtransparentfemininemasculinerestrainedhonestandopenveryunwillingtochangeideasorbehaviorhaveanextremelyclosefriendshipabletoattractandinterestpeopleverystronglyeasilyupsetoroffendedbyeventsorthingsthatpeoplesaybasedonorusingreasonhavingqualitiesconsideredtobetypicalofmenorofwhatmendocontrolledandnotemotionalhavingqualitiesthataretraditionallyconsideredtobetypicalofwomenAdjectivesintimidatemagneticrationalrestrainedfemininerigidtransparentsensitivemasculineChoose3-5wordsfromthefollowinglisttotalkaboutthedifferencesbetweenmalefriendsandfemalefriends.Step2EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearning1) Thiskindofdanceisbasicallya(n)___________ofstepsthatyourepeatoverandoveragain.2) Themanbreathedasighof________whenhewastoldthateverythinghadarrivedingoodcondition.3) Hecouldnot___________himselfanylongerfromlosinghistemperwhenhelearnedthathisteenagesonhadskippedclassagain.4) Ithasn’trainedfortwomonths,andthiswill___________leadtothedeclineinriceproduction.sequencereliefinevitably relief sequence restrainrestraininevitablyEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearningFillintheblankswiththewordsandexpressionsinthebox.Step35) Ithinkthe___________togivechildrentoomanytoysandclothesisquitecommoninAmericanfamilies.6) Theimpactofcomputergameviolencemaybe___________immediatelyinthechild’sbehaviorormaybeshownyearslater.7) Thefindingsshow____general__________thatthesameproblembeginssoonerinthecountrythanintowns.8) Thecarcrashwasn’tanaccident;itwasa(n)___________attempttokillthedriver.tendencyinevident tendency deliberate in…termsevidentdeliberatetermsEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearning9)Wedashedtothebusstationandbarelygotonthebuswhenit______________.10) Somewhat____my_______,thepolicehasfinallydecidedtoeliminatemybrotherfromtheirlistofsuspects.11) Achildmay_____________serioushandicapsordevelopmentalproblemswhichrequireextendedperiodsofcare.12) Themoviewasoverandthecrowds_____________intothestreet.pulledawaytoto…relief pullaway spillout bebornwithbebornwithreliefspilledoutEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearning13. Samuelhadbeenseenasaproblemstudent.However,afterhesavedthelifeofthelittlegirl,peoplebegantolookathim___________________.14. _______________withtheotherapplicants,thelastgirlweinterviewedwasmuchmoreskilledandintelligent.15. Ihadforgottenmymother’sbirthday.SothenextdayIboughtherabundleofflowersto_____________it.inanewlightIncomparisonincomparisoninanewlight makeupformakeupforEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask2Detailedlearningofkeyvocabulary1.contradiction(title)Wehaveacontradiction,andthatiswhatwe’retryingtofixhere.n.[C]adifferencebetweentwostatements,beliefs,orideasaboutsth.thatmeanstheycannotbothbetrue矛盾；不一致Translation:我们之间产生了矛盾，这是我们现在要尽力解决的。incontradictionto/with同…相矛盾principalcontradiction主要矛盾innercontradiction内在矛盾EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.in…terms(Para.1)Heispoorinfinancialterms,butrichinacademicterms.usedtoshowwhataspectofasubjectyouaretalkingaboutorhowyouarethinkingaboutit谈及；就…而言；在…方面Translation:从经济条件上来讲他很穷，但是从学术上来讲他很强。in…terms=intermsof…EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting3.magnetic(Para.1)Hismagneticpersonalitymadehimaninfluentialpoliticalfigure.a.1.abletoattractandinterestpeopleverystrongly有吸引力的；有魅力的Translation:他富有魅力的个性使他成为了一位有影响力的政治人物。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting3.magnetic(Para.1)Themagneticbulletinboardhasbecomethechildren’sfavorite,onwhichtheyoftendisplaytheircreativedrawings.a.2.capableofattractingironobjects有磁性的；有磁力的Translation:磁性公告板成为孩子们的心爱之物。他们经常在上面展示自己富有创造力的画作。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting4.sensitive(Para.1)Herownexperienceshadmadehersensitivetootherpeople’stroubles.a.1.abletounderstandotherpeople’sfeelingsandproblems善解人意的；体恤的Translation:她的个人经历使她懂得体恤别人的难处。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting4.sensitive(Para.1)Aftertheirowndefeat,peopleinthiscountryaresensitiveaboutthetopicofwar.a.2.easilyupsetoroffendedbyeventsorthingsthatpeoplesay敏感的；容易生气的Translation:战败后，这个国家的人们对战争的话题很敏感。5.incomparison(with/to),incontrast(with/to)(Para.1)incomparison(with/to)用于表示比较，可以比较不同人或事物间的共同点，也可以比较其不同点，但是一般情况下更侧重于某些共同点的比较，比如在大小、程度或强度等方面的不同。e.g:Thisbookisfunnyandeasytounderstandincomparison. 

相对而言，这本书比较有趣，也比较容易理解。Note:incomparison也可以用来比较不同的方面，这种情况下可以和incontrast互用。e.g:Hewasanoutgoingman.Incomparison/Incontrast,hisbrotherwasrathershy. 他是个外向的人，相比之下，他弟弟就相当腼腆。Sheisquitetallincomparisonwith/toherlittlesister. 与她妹妹相比，她算相当高的。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting5.incomparison(with/to),incontrast(with/to)(Para.1)incontrast(with/to)更侧重于人或事物间的不同方面的对照或对比。e.g:

Whenhe’sintrouble,manyfriendslefthim;incontrast,Tomhelpedhimalot. 当他遇到麻烦时，很多朋友都离开了他；但是汤姆帮了他很多忙。Thestocklost60centsashare,incontrastwith/tolastyear,whenitgained21cents. 这支股票每股跌了60美分，相比之下，去年这支股票涨了21美分。comparison/compare和contrast很多时候可以连起来用。e.g:PleasecompareandcontrasteducationintheUSandtheUK. 请把美国和英国的教育情况作个对比。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting6.inanew/bad/different,etc.light(Para.4)

Differentpeoplemayseethesamesubjectinadifferentlight.ifsb.orsth.isseenorshowninaparticularlight,peoplecanseethatparticularpartoftheircharacter从新的/不利的/不同的等角度看Translation:不同的人会从不同的角度看待同一件事。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.transparent(Para.5)Williamwastransparent;hedidnotbothertohidehistruethoughts.a.1.honestandopen直率的；坦诚的Translation:威廉很直率，他不愿隐藏自己的真实想法。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.transparent(Para.5)Theplantsareinatransparentplasticbox,sochildrencanseetherootsgrowing.2.(ofglass,plastic,etc.)allowingyoutoseethroughit透明的；清澈的Translation:植物放在一个透明的塑料盒里，所以孩子们能看到根的生长。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.transparent(Para.5)Ithinkweshouldtrytomaketheinstructionsmoretransparent.a.3.simple,clear,andeasytounderstand

浅显易懂的；一目了然的Translation:我认为我们应该把指令变得更浅显易懂些。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask3WordformationMeaningExamples-

lyBesidesformingadverbs,-lycancombinewithnounsoradjectivestoformnewadjectives,whichmeanthingsorpeoplethathavethequalitieswhicharetypicaloftheoriginalnounsoradjectives.lovelyfriendlyweeklylivelycostlymanlycowardlydeadlyMuchtomyrelief,researchshowsthatIam,indeed,a“normalguy”.(Para.6)tosb.’srelief:withafeelingofcomfortwhensth.frightening,worrying,orpainfulhasendedorhasnothappened使某人感到欣慰的是Meaning:IfeelgreatcomfortbecauseresearchshowsthatI’mactuallyamanwho’sbehavingnormally.让我感到欣慰的是，研究表明我还是一个“正常人”。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask4SentenceanalysisMuchtomyrelief,researchshowsthatIam,indeed,a“normalguy”.(Para.6)to+one’s+情感名词

是英语中常见的结构，通常译为“令某人…的是；使某人感到…的是”。通常位于句首，但有时也可置于句末。1.可用于这个结构的情感名词包括admiration,amazement,regret,amusement,annoyance,astonishment,delight,despair,shame,disappointment,embarrassment,happiness,horror,joy,sorrow,puzzlement,relief,satisfaction,surprise等。Tomyregret,Icannotattendthepartywithmygoodfriends. 可惜的是，我无法和好友们参加这次聚会。Hebrokehispromise,greatlytomyannoyance. 他没有履行他的诺言，这使我非常气恼。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingMuchtomyrelief,researchshowsthatIam,indeed,a“normalguy”.(Para.6)如果表示强调，可在整个结构前加much,greatly等程度副词，或者在表示情感的名词前加deep,great等形容词。Muchtomysurprise/Tomygreatsurprise,thedoorwasunlocked. 使我大为吃惊的是，门没有上锁。Greatlytomyregret/Tomydeepregret,Iamunabletoacceptyourinvitation. 很遗憾的是，我不能接受你的邀请。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingThecameraworkisentirelydifferentformenandwomen.(Para.1)Thecameraworkinafilmisthewaybywhichithasbeenfilmed,especiallyifthestyleisinterestingorunusualinsomeway.Heretheauthormeanshismemoriesabouthismalefriendsandfemalefriendsareentirelydifferentjustlikemoviesfilmedintotallydifferentways.Theauthorusesametaphortomakehisexplanationclearandvivid.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask5LanguageappreciationLanguagefocusPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsLanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningStructureanalysisAparagraphofcontrastEnhancingyourskillsReadPara.1andanswerthefollowingquestions. Step11.Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?

WhenIthinkofpeoplewhoweremygoodfriends,Iseethemincinematicterms.Thecameraworkisentirelydifferentformenandwomen.2.Inwhichstructuredoestheauthorillustratethemainidea?

Contrast.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesTask1IdentifyingthestructureofthetextWhenIthinkofmygoodfriends,Iseethemincinematicterms.Thecameraworkisentirelydifferentformenandwomen.The“movie”memoriesIhaveoffemalefriendsareopenandintimate.Wearetalking,interestedineachotherinamagneticsortofway.Theylookstraightintomyeyes,sensitivetomyfeelings,listeningtomewithdeliberateattention.

Incomparison,memoriesofmalefriendsareinanentirelydifferentfilmaltogether.Anactionoradventuremovie!Notmuchinthewayofdialog.Theritualofmotion,orthesequenceofaction,makesupforthedeficiencyofdialogandhonestnarrative.MainideaMemoriesoffemalefriendsMemoriesofmalefriendsSignalwordsEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesAsIspoke,Irealizedjusthowgender-basedmycommunicationstyleswere.Withwomen,Icouldbeopen,emotionallyhonest,andtransparent.Withmalefriends,itseemedimpossibletoexpresscaringfeelingsnomatterhowdeepthefriendshipwas.Icouldeasilyutter“Iloveyou”tomymother,mysistersandgirlfriends;yet,notonceinmylifehadIbeenabletolookamalefriendintheeyeandsaythesamething.Quiteimpossible!Wasthisjustmeorwaseverymaleintheworldsimilarlycursed?WasIemotionallybackwardorjusta“guy”?Iwasdeterminedtofindout!MainideaCommunicationstylewithwomenCommunicationstylewithmenResultofcontrastSignalwordsorpatternsStep2EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesReadPara.5andanalyzethestructure. Contrastreferstotheprocessofexaminingtwoormorethingsinordertoestablishtheirdifferences.Itisoftenappliedtogetherwithcomparison,whichreferstotheprocessofexaminingtwoormorethingsinordertoestablishtheirsimilarities.Workingroupsoffour,listasmanytransitionalwords,expressionsorsentencepatternsaspossiblethatcanbeusedinwritingaparagraphofcomparisonandcontrast.Halfoftheclassworkoncomparison,whiletheotherhalfworkoncontrast.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesTask2Analyzingaparagraphofcontrast•like/likewise•thesameas•similarly/similarto•inthesamemanner•incommon•incomparisonwith•resemble•comparewith•inthesameway1.TransitionalwordsandexpressionsofcomparisonEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamples•ThesimilaritybetweenAandBliesin…•AissimilartoBin…•Ahassomething/manyfeaturesincommonwithB.•AisthesameasB.•AandBsharesimilar…2.SentencepatternsofcomparisonEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamples3.TransitionalwordsandexpressionsofcontrastEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamples•unlike•ontheotherhand•incontrastto•onthecontrary•but,yet,although•however,nevertheless•whereas,while•conversely•inspiteof•differfrom,bedifferentfrom•TheobviousdifferencesbetweenAandBare…•ThedifferencebetweenAandBliesin…•AdiffersfromBin…•ComparedwithA,Bhassome/many/moreadvantages.•Ahasnothing/littleincommonwithB.4.SentencepatternsofcontrastEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamples•Toexamineonethingthoroughlyandthenexaminetheother.•Todiscusstheidenticalaspectsofthem.•Toexaminetwothingsatthe

sametime.•Todiscussthempointbypoint.Blockcomparison/contrast

(subjectbysubject)整体对比法Alternatingcomparison/contrast(pointbypoint)逐点比较法EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesThepointstobecomparedmightbe:1.Costofmaintenance;2.Performance;3.Comfort.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesExample:Comparethetwocars.TheblockpatternTopicsentence:XisabettercarthanYintermsofthecostofmaintenance,performanceandcomfort.Supportingsentences:SideA:CarX

1.CostofMaintenance

2.Performance

3.ComfortSideB:CarY

1.Costofmaintenance

2.Performance

3.ComfortThepointsofcomparisonorcontrastarethesameandthattheyarediscussedinthesameorderundereachside.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesTopicsentence:XisabettercarthanYintermsofthecostofmaintenance,performanceandcomfort.Supportingsentences:Point1:Costofmaintenance

Point2:Performance

Point3:ComfortCarXCarYCarXCarXCarYCarYEnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAparagraphofexamplesThealternatingpatternEnhancingyourskills