2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习Unit1ScienceandScientists学生用书新人教版选择性

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高eq\a\vs4\al(识记单词写对)Ⅰ.知其意1．choleran.________________2．contradictoryadj.________________3．germn.________________4．pumpn.________________5．shadown.________________6．substantialadj.________________7．statisticn．[pl.]________________8．proteinn.________________9．celln.________________10．virusn.________________11．vaccinen.________________12．concreten.________________adj.________________13．aerospacen.________________14．patrioticadj.________________15．mechanicaladj.________________16．mechanicn.________________17．aviationn.________________18．missilen.________________19．astronomern.________________20．astronomyn.________________Ⅱ.写其形1．________adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．________adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的3．________vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．________n．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)5．________n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联6．________adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的7．________vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷8．________vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)9．________n．领导；领导地位；领导才能10．________vt.追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹11．________adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的12．________prep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外13．________adv.此外；再者14．________n．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向15．________vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)16．________n．彩虹17．__________adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要18．________n．概念；观念核心单词练通1．Helikestofind________(弱点；过错)withotherpeople,whichmakesthemveryunhappy.2．Inouroffice,Jimisanabsolutely________(聪颖的)expertincomputers,andhealwayssolvesthecomplexproblemsinafewminutes.3．Owingtotheenvironmentalpollution,thisspeciesofbirdis________(降低)innumberseveryyear.4．Paulhasbeenhelpingthehomelessforovertwoyearsandithasgreatly________(使改观)hislife.5．________(责备)byhisteacher，theboywasfrustratedandcouldn'tconcentrateonhisstudy.6．Withno________(可靠的)evidence,herefusedtoadmitstealingthelady'spurse.拓展单词用活Ⅰ.记全记牢1．infectvt.使感染；传染→________n．感染；传染2．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→________v．净化3．thinkv．认为；思考→________n．思想；思维；见解4．findv．发现→________n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决5．assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→________n．帮助；协助→________n．助理；助手6．giftn．天赋；天分→________adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的7．steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→________adv.平稳地；持续地8．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→________n．防御；保卫9．provevt.证明；证明是→________n．证据；证明；检验10．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→________adv.生动地11．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→________adv.起初Ⅱ.用准用活1．Withsolid________，thelawyercancertainly________thatheisinnocent.(prove)2．Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespenton________andmanymeasureswillbetakento________acountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)3．Tomisan________teacherinthecollege.Heoften________thestudentswiththeirproblemsandgives________toanystudentinneed.(assist)4．Hedescribed________whathesawinLondon,givingusa________pictureaboutpeople'slifethere.(vivid)5．________，Ientirelyknewaboutthe________stepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)6．①Chineseclassicalmusicisoftenplayedbymany________(gift)musicianswhoplaytraditionalChineseinstrumentslikeguzheng,pipa,xiaoandsoon.②[2020·新高考山东卷]Someindividualsarebornwitha________(gift)forpublicspeaking.7．①Inspiteofthis,thenumberofpeoplehavingmobilephonesisincreasing________(steady).②Wearemakingslowbut________(steady)progress.(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高Ⅰ.记全记牢1．________________最终地；彻底地2．________________同意；赞同3．________________幸亏；由于4．________________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．________________主管；掌管6．________________患(病)；染上(小病)7．________________最重要的是；尤其是8．________________对……有影响9．________________负有责任10．________________在某人的领导下Ⅱ.用准用活选用左栏短语填空1.Samisaverymodestyoungman.________，heoweshissuccesstoeveryonearoundhim.2.ThereasonwhyI________withacoldwasthatIwascaughtintherainonthewaybackhomeyesterdayafternoon.3．Henryis__________thedepartment,soheknowsaboutthedepartmentverywell.4．________hermother'sloveandencouragement,shefinallydefeatedthedisease.5．Whynotcommunicatedirectlywithhimandsolvethismatter________．·会积累联想拓展·1．以“-ship”为后缀的高频名词①scholarship奖学金；学问；学术成就②friendship友谊③leadership领导地位④relationship关系⑤hardship苦难⑥championship冠军称号2．常见英语反义形容词①eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(abstract抽象的,concrete具体的))②eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(positive积极的,negative消极的))③eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(optimistic乐观的,pessimistic悲观的))3．有无定冠词大相径庭①inchargeof主管；看管；负责inthechargeof被掌管；由……负责②incontrolof控制；管理inthecontrolof被……控制③inpossessionof占有；拥有inthepossessionof被占有；为……所有(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高句式背诵句型1so...that...“如此……以至于……”Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。句型2“havesth.done”使某事被做Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。句型3until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。句式仿写1．每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。Keepingalearningdiaryeverydayis____________________________________________．2．今天不上班，所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecan________________________________eventually.3．我们将推迟去埃及观光，直到那里的局势稳定下来。WewillputoffgoingtoEgyptforsightseeing_______________________________．过重难解惑释疑——先练透再写美·互动探究1.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．指责；责备blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(2)lay/puttheblameon把……归咎于……[佳句]Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。[指津]betoblame中不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。[练透]——单句语法填空①Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant____________themistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations.＝Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake________hisassistant，whichwasbeyondexpectations.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.[写美]——句式升级③Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→________________________________________________，Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词作状语)2.decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)decreaseby减少了decrease(from...)to(从……)减少到decreasein在某方面下降(2)onthedecrease在下降；在减少adecreaseinsth.某方面的减少/下降ontheincrease 正在增加[佳句]Therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。[近义]lessen,decline[反义]increase,rise[练透]——单句语法填空①Comparedwithlastyear,thetrafficaccidentsinthecityhasdecreased________30%.②________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.[写美]——一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。③Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．④Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals_________________．3.transformvi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换(1)o...把……变成……transformsb./sth.from...把某人/某物从……中转变(2)transformationn.改变；变革[佳句]I'mfullyawarethatit'stheexperiencefrommylifeabroadthathastotallytransformedme.我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。[指津]常见“trans-”词根的单词有：①transplantv．移植②translatev．翻译③transmitv．传送；传播④transferv．转移；转让[练透]——单句语法填空①[2020·浙江卷7月]Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotally________(transform)awayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedagreat________(transform)ofmyhometown.[写美]——词汇升级③YourgeneroushelpandtendercareturnedmyfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.→Yourgeneroushelpandtendercare____________________________myfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.4.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解(1)defend...from/against保护……以免受defendoneself为自己辩护；自卫(2)defencen.防御；保卫indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone'sdefence为某人辩护[佳句]Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry.这座纪念碑是为了纪念为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵。[练透]——单句语法填空①Itisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchild________harmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasif________defence.[写美]——读后续写之肢体动作描写看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。③Seeingthefiercesnake，herushed________________hissonlikeanarrow.(defend)④Seeingthefiercesnake，herushed________________hissonlikeanarrow.(defence)5.inchargeof负责/掌管(表状态)(1)inthechargeof由……来负责；被……掌管takechargeof负责/看管(表动作)freeofcharge免费(2)charge(sb.)forsth.为……要价chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事[佳句]I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.＝I'lltakechargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbeinthechargeofmenextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。[练透]——补全句子①I'mgoingtovisitthemuseumwhich________________(不收门票)tomorrowmorning.②Youcantakeasmanyasyoulike,becausethey________________(免费).③He________________(被指控谋杀)andsentencedtodeath.[写美]——应用文之活动安排④作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Iwasappointedto__________________________duringyourstayinTianjin.6.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是(1)afterall毕竟；终究(2)allinall整体说来；总而言之(3)inall全部；合计(4)firstofall首先(5)atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟[佳句]Ifyouwanttobepopular，aboveall，joininourclassactivitiesandmakeacontributiontoourclassifpossible.如果你想受欢迎，首先，参加我们的班级活动，如果可能的话对班级做些贡献。[练透]——用all的相关短语填空①Ifyouwanttoachievesuccess,________，youmustbestrictwithyourself.②Iwasveryupsettofindoutthathedidn'tlikemygift________．③Thelittlegirlwasanxiousandbegantotremble.________，itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage.[写美]——应用文之申请信④[全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。________，IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,soI________________________________．7.句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。(1)havesth.done让别人做某事；将某事做完havesb.dosth. 让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态(2)can't/couldn'thavesb.doingsth. 不允许某人做某事(否定句)(3)havesth.todo有某事要做(不定式作定语)[佳句]Nowthatyouhaverealizedthatyourtimeislimited，youmuststudyhardertohaveyourgoalachieved.既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。[练透]——单句语法填空①Thebosshadme________(set)downwhatpeoplepresentatthemeetingsaid.②Hewasveryfunnyandhadus________(laugh)alltheway.③Hecouldnothaveher________(get)awaywithtellingpeoplelies.[写美]——应用文之新闻报道④[2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达]我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen______________________．8.句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序；(3)not...until...句型的强调句式为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。[佳句]Shedidn'tgotobeduntilshefinishedherhomework.她直到做完作业，才去睡觉。[练透]——单句语法填空①[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]Everythingwasgoingsmoothly__________Jeffstartedfryingthebread.②ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.[写美]——一句多译直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)③Iwasn'tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened_______________．④__________________________________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装句)●刷题强训·精题细作●(维度1)词形转换1．[2021·天津3月卷]Afterlettinggoofhisangerand________(frustrate),hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.2．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthe________(pure)ofCentralAsiantraditions.3．Thepollutedriveristheliving________(prove)oftheenvironmentalpollutioncausedbythechemicalfactory.4．Giventhatthedriverinjuredthepasser-by,hewasso________(severe)punishedthathisparentswere________(frustrate).5．Muchtoourjoy,hishealthisgetting________(steady)betterwithtimegoingby.6．Ifyouareshortinmoneybutstillwantthebicycle,asktheshop________(assist)toreducetheprice.(维度2)固定用法和搭配在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1．Atthattime,peoplewereadvisedtostayathometoreducetheriskofgetting________(infect).2．Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.3．Shelistened，________(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.4．Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff，tearsofhappiness________(pour)downJane'scheeks.5．Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathe________(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.6．Inreality,expertsbelievethattheillness________(link)totheuseofchemicalpesticide.7．HedeclinedhisinvitationnotbecauseIwasbusy________becauseIwasnotinterestedinsuchgatherings.8．Thanks________herpatienceandefforts,shefinallycontactedthemanwhowas________chargeofthecompany.(维度3)根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇①________________________(出生在苏格兰)，AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.Supportedbythem，thebrilliantboygoteducatedinamedicalschoolinLondon.②____________________________(大学毕业之后)，hemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience，but③____________________________(正是他发现了青霉素)earnedhimalastingreputation.Onceandforall，hewasknownforthatachievement，④________________________________________(为此他获得了诺贝尔奖).ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthemostoutstandingscientistsinhistory.测效果素养提能——先提能再培优·素养落实提能一熟词生义1．[2020·江苏卷]Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.____________2．[全国卷Ⅲ]Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson，weusuallysay“sorry，wrongnumber！”____________3．[2020·天津7月卷]“Smalldoesnotmeanweak，sir，”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo！”____________提能二读后续写微技能—动作描写之arm动“手臂”日积月累waveone'sarms挥动某人的双臂，foldone'sarms某人双臂交叉，takeone'sarm挽住某人的胳膊，catch/grabone'sarm抓住某人的胳膊，oone'sarms拉某人进怀，holdout/openone'sarms某人伸出/张开双臂，put/throwone'sarmsaroundsb.搂住某人，keepsb.atarm'slength同某人保持一定距离，withcrossedarms双臂交叉，withopenarms双臂张开(欢迎),arminarm手挽手1.按要求用与“arm”相关的表达补全下面各句①他向前跑着，挥动着双臂。Herantothedoor，________________.(分词作状语)②她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。________________________________lookingveryangry.(with复合结构)③他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。________________smiling.(简单句)④她转过身，和他保持一定的距离。________________________________________________(简单句)⑤他只得走近她，伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。Hehadtoapproachherand________________________________.(动作描写)⑥他挽住她的胳膊，低声道歉说：“对不起”。________________________whisperinganapology,“I'msorry.”(简单句)⑦他们手挽手走回家。________________________________(简单句)2．将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS过基础晨读晚练(一)分类识记单词识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意1．霍乱2.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的3.微生物；细菌；病菌4.泵；抽水机；打气筒5.阴影；影子；背光处6.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的7.统计数字；统计资料；统计学Ⅱ.写其形18．concept核心单词练通拓展单词用活Ⅰ.记全记牢4．finding5.assistanceassistantⅡ.用准用活1．ve2.defencedefend3．assistantassistsassistance4．vividlyvivid5.Initiallyinitial6．①gifted②gift7.①steadily②steady(二)语境记忆短语Ⅰ.记全记牢1．onceandfora