2021-2022学年山东省青岛市高一上学期选科测试期末考试英语试题

2022年高一年级选科测试

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号

涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，

将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷.上.录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷

上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inthelibrary.B.Inthebookstore.C.Intheprintshop.

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

ATouristspots.B.Voluntarywork.C.Summerplans.

3.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Workmates.B.Classmates.C.Friends.

4.Whydoesthemanhavetoleave?

A.Itstoolatetoday.B.Hehasameetingtomorrow.C.Hefeelsalittletiredtoday.

5.HowmuchwillthemanpayifhebuystheTV?

A.$2,400.B.$2,500.C.$2,600.

第二节（共15小题每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、

B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个

小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独

白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?

A.AcanteenB.Aparkinglot.C.Ateachingbuilding.

7.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Hewalkedtothecampusthismorning.

B.Heisfamiliarwiththecampus.

C.Hewenttotheparkthisafternoon.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whendidthewomanquitherlastjob?

A.Yesterday.B.Lastweek.C.Lastmonth.

9.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Completeatest.

B.Trysomethingcreative.

C.Introduceherselfwithin15minutes.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.What'sthewoman'sfavoritewayofeatingvegetables?

A.Makingsalads.B.Cookingvegetables.C.Makingvegetablejuice.

11.Whatdoesthewomancareaboutmostwhengrowingvegetables?

A.Keepingpropertemperature.

B.Wateringvegetablesintime.

C.Stoppingwormsfrombitingvegetables.

12.Whatvegetablesdoesthemanprobablylike?

A.Carrots.B.Peppers.C.Eggplants.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whafsthepurposeofthewoman'svisit?

A.TomeetMark.B.TocallonSimon.C.Toattendaconference.

14.HowwillthewomangotoSimon'scompany?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.

15.WhereisSimon'scompany?

A.On83rdstreet.B.Oppositeabar.C.AtAndrewSquare.

16Whenshouldthewomanleaveaccordingtotheman?

A.At9:00a.m.B.At9:30a.m.C.At10:00a.m.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhydidGrandpaPandettigotothevillage?

A.Tobuyamirror.B.Totradehisgoods.C.Tovisithisfamily.

18.WhatdidGrandpaPandettidowhenhereturnedhome?

A.Hehungthemirroronthewall.

B.Hetoldhisfamilyaboutthemirror.

C.Hemadedinnerforhimself.

19.WhatdidthePandettidointheend?

A.Theysmiledwhenevertheylookedinthemirror.

B.Theytookthemirroroffthewall.

C.Theymadefriendswithstrangers.

20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

ALifeinthemountains.B.ThePandetti'goods.C.Aspecialpresentfora

family.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Lookingforfamily-friendlyplacesthissummer?Ontariohasgotitall.

CheckoutthiscollectionoffamilyroutesfromacrossOntario,Frombeachesandfarmsto

bigcities,planningyourfamilytripjustgetsaboostofinspiration.Beforepackingupthecarand

thekids,makesureyoubookahead,checkforactivityreservationsandensurethatbusinessesare

upandrunning.

FamilyGetawayinToronto

Areyourfamiliesplanningavacation?Torontohasattractionsyourkidswon'twanttomiss,

fromexcitingsportsandculturalandscientificwonderstotreatsandeatsthateveryonecanenjoy.

YoucanevenvisittheAgaKhanMuseumforawindowintotheancientworld.

FunRoadsideAttractionsinAlgoma

Lookingforbestplacestotakethecutestphotosofyouandyourfamily,looknofurtherthan

thisroute.AlgomaCountryhasitsshareofroadsideattractions—somefamous,someodd,some

youmaynothaveevenknownabout.

FamilyAdventuresinLennox&Addington

Turnoffelectronicdevicesandrediscoverfamily-friendlyfuninLennox&Addington,from

campingtohikingtofarmvisitsandmore.

ExploreOttawawiththeFamily

GrabyourfamilybubbleandexperienceOttawa'ssummeratmospherewiththis3-daytour.

Fromthedowntowncoretothecountryside,Canada'scapitalisfulloffunattractionsfor

everyone,includingtoursandmuseums!

1.WhatareyouadvisedtodobeforeyourtriptoOntario?

A.Bookinadvance.B.Haveyourcarchecked..

C.Planactivitieswithkids.D.Callthebusinessmanager.

2.Whichroutebestsuitspeoplewhoenjoycamping?

A.FamilyGetawayinToronto.B.FunRoadsideAttractionsinAlgoma.

C.FamilyAdventuresinLennox&Addington.D.ExploreOttawawiththeFamily.

3.WhatdoFamilyGetawayinTorontoandExploreOttawawiththeFamilyhaveincommon?

A.Theylastforthreedays.B.Theyhavewatersportsforkids.

C.Theyfeatureroadsideattractions.D.Theyofferchancestovisitmuseums.

【答案】l.A2.C3.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在安大略省可以和家人一起旅行路线。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段uBeforepackingupthecarandthekids,makesureyoubookahead,

checkforactivityreservationsandensurethatbusinessesareupandrunning.”（在打包汽车和

孩子之前，确保提前预订，检查活动预订情况，并确保业务正常运行。）可知，去安大略省

旅行之前，建议你要提前预定。故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据FamilyAdventuresinLennox&Addington部分“Turnoffelectronic

devicesandrediscoverfamily-friendlyfuninLennox&Addington,fromcampingtohikingto

farmvisitsandmore."（关掉电子设备，在Lennox&Addington重新发现家庭友好的乐趣，

从露营到徒步旅行到农场参观等等。）可知，FamilyAdventuresinLennox&AddingtonMiS

合喜欢露营的人。故选C项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据FamilyGetawayinToronto部分“YoucanevenvisittheAgaKhanMuseum

forawindowintotheancientworld.,,（你甚至可以参观阿加汗博物馆，以了解古代世界。）

以及ExploreOttawawiththeFamily部分“Fromthedowntowncoretothecountryside,

Canada'scapitalisfulloffunattractionsforeveryone,includingtoursandmuseums!”（从市中

心到乡村，加拿大首都到处都是有趣的景点，包括旅游和博物馆！）可知，FamilyGetaway

inToronto和ExploreOttawawiththeFamily的共同之处是都提供参观博物馆的机会。故选

D项。

AmericangymnastSimoneBilesfliesthroughtheairasthoughshewasmadeforit.Shehas

wonmoreWorldChampionshipgoldmedalsthananyotherfemalegymnastinhistory.Sheisalso

thefirstwomengymnasttowinthreeWorldall-aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip（翻转动

作）sheintroducedinthe2013WorldChampionshipsisoneoffourskillsthatarenamedafterher,

andsomeconsiderherthegreatestofalltime.

Athletesareunderpressure,andasmallmistakecanresultinseriousinjury.AttheSummer

OlympicGamesinTokyo,Bilesexperiencedsomethinggymnastcall“thetwistiesJwhichis

whenagymnasthasnoideawherehisorherbodyisintheair.Insteadofputtingherselfandher

teamatrisk,Bilesgaveupthecompetition.However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwas

abletocompeteinthelast-scheduledindividualevent:thebalancebeam,winningthebronze

medal.

Whenshewasyoung,BileswasraisedbyhergrandfatherRon,andwasintroducedto

gymnasticsattheageof6onaschoolfieldtriptoagym.Shesawsomegymnastspracticing,

begancopyingtheirmovesandinsistedthatherparentssendherforgymnasticslessons.Acoach

atthegymalsorecognizedhertalentandsentaletterhomeaskingherparentstosendherfor

lessons.

Throughouthercareer,Bileshaskeptherpassionforthesport,whichcanbeseenclearlyin

thehugesmilesheoftenwearswhilecompeting.Butshealsowantspeopletoknowthe

importanceofputtingmentalhealthfirstandnotignoringhowstresscaninfluencethem.

InBiles'2016memoir（回忆录），titledCouragetoSoar,thebooktellsinherwords“howmy

faithandmyfamilymademywildestdreamscometrue.Andhowembracingadreamcangive

youcouragetosoar."Biles'abilitytoperformatthehighestlevelhasinspirednewgenerationsof

athletes,butherwillingnesstobehonestaboutherstrugglesinspireseveryone.

4.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellusaboutBiles?

A.Herhighspirit.B.Herwidefame.

C.Hergreatachievements.D.Herwonderfulskills.

5.WhathappenedtoBilesattheTokyoSummerOlympicGames?

A.Shewasseriouslyinjured.B.Shehadahardtime.

C.Shegotagoldmedal.D.Sheputherteamatrisk.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutBilesfromthetext?

A.Shehasgotthemostgoldmedalsinhistory.

B.Fourskillswerenamedafterherin2013.

C.Sheshowedhertalentforgymnasticsatanearlyage.

D.Hergrandfatherinsistedthatshetakegymnasticslessons.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBiles?

A.Strong-willedandtalented.B.Confidentandwarm-hearted.

C.Determinedandgenerous.D.Hard-workingandcurious.

【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体操运动员西蒙・拜尔斯。

【4题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段关键句"ShehaswonmoreWorldChampionshipgoldmedalsthan

anyotherfemalegymnastinhistory.SheisalsothefirstwomengymnasttowinthreeWorldall-

aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip（翻转动作）sheintroducedinthe2013World

Championshipsisoneoffourskillsthatarenamedafterher,andsomeconsiderherthegreatestof

alltime."（她获得的世界冠军金牌比历史上任何一位女子体操运动员都多。她也是第一位

连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运动员。她在2013届世界锦标赛中引进的一项复杂

的翻转动作是四种以她命名的技能之一，有些人认为她是有史以来最伟大的体操运动员。）

可知，文章第一段主要介绍的是拜尔斯获得的伟大成就，例如她获得的世界冠军金牌比历

史上任何一位女子体操运动员都多、她是第一位连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女子体操运

动员等，由此可知，关于拜尔斯，第一段主要告诉我们的是她的伟大成就。故选C项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段关键句"AttheSummerOlympicGamesinTokyo,Bilesexperienced

somethinggymnastcall"thetwisties,“whichiswhenagymnasthasnoideawherehisorherbody

isintheair.Insteadofputtingherselfandherteamatrisk,Bilesgaveupthecompetition.

However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwasabletocompeteinthelast-scheduled

individualevent:thebalancebeam,winningthebronzemedal.”（在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔

斯经历了一种体操运动员称之为“空中失感”的情况，即体操运动员不知道自己的身体在

空中的位置。拜尔斯没有让自己和她的团队处于危险之中，而是放弃了比赛。然而，她在

一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，赢得铜牌。）可知，在

东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了“空中失感”，导致她放弃了比赛，但经过努力训练，

她在平衡木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，在东京夏季奥运会上，拜尔斯经历了一段艰难的

时光。故选B项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段内容"Whenshewasyoung,BileswasraisedbyhergrandfatherRon,

andwasintroducedtogymnasticsattheageof6onaschoolfieldtriptoagym.Shesawsome

gymnastspracticing,begancopyingtheirmovesandinsistedthatherparentssendherfor

gymnasticslessons.Acoachatthegymalsorecognizedhertalentandsentaletterhomeasking

herparentstosendherforlessons."（小时候，拜尔斯由祖父罗恩抚养长大，6岁时在学校

的一次健身房实地考察中接触到了体操。她看到一些体操运动员在练习，开始模仿他们的

动作，并坚持让父母送她去上体操课。健身房的一位教练也认识到了她的天赋，并给她家

里寄了一封信，请她的父母送她去上课。）可知，拜尔斯6岁时接触到了体操，并展现出对

体操的热爱，健身房的一位教练也认识到了她的天赋，希望她的父母送她去上课，由此可

知，从课文中我们知道拜尔斯在很小的时候就展示了她的体操天赋。故选C项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段关键句"However,sheworkedoutinaprivategymandwasableto

competeinthelast-scheduledindividualevent:thebalancebeam,winningthebronzemedal."

（然而，她在一家私人健身房锻炼，并能参加最后一个预定的个人项目：平衡木，赢得铜

牌。）可知，虽然拜尔斯经历了“空中失感”，但她没有放弃，仍然努力训练，最终在平衡

木项目中赢得铜牌，由此可知，她是个意志坚强的人；根据第一段关键句"Sheisalsothe

firstwomengymnasttowinthreeWorldall-aroundtitlesinarow.Acomplicatedflip（翻转动作）

sheintroducedinthe2013WorldChampionshipsisoneoffourskillsthatarenamedafterher,and

someconsiderherthegreatestofalltime.n（她也是第一位连续三次获得世界全能冠军的女

子体操运动员。她在2013届世界锦标赛中引进的一项复杂的翻转动作是四种以她命名的技

能之一，有些人认为她是有史以来最伟大的体操运动员。）可知，她是连续三次获得世界全

能冠军的女子体操运动员，并且有四种体操技能是以她的名字命名的，由此可知，她是个

才华横溢的人，由此可推断出，拜尔斯是一个意志坚强、才华横溢的人。故选A项。

C

AnIndonesianlibrarianislendingbookstochildreninexchangefortrashtheycollectina

novelwaytocleanuptheenvironmentandgetthekidstoreadmore.

Eachweekday,RadenRoroHendarti,alibrarianinIndonesia'sJavaIslandridesherthree-

wheelerwithbookspiledupatthebackforchildreninMuntangvillagetoexchangeforplastic

cups,bagsandotherwastethatshecarriesback.Assoonassheshowsup,littlechildren,many

accompaniedbytheirmothers,surroundher"TrashLibrary^^andaskloudlyforthebooks.They

areallcairyingtrashbagsandRaden'sthree-wheelerquicklyfillsupwiththemasthebooksfly

out.She'shappythekidsaregoingtospendlesstimeononlinegamesasaresult.

“Letusgetkidstoreadmoreandbuildacultureofliteracyfromayoungage,“Radensaid.

“Weshouldalsotakecareofourwasteinordertofightagainstclimatechangeandtosavethe

earthfromtrash,“shesaid.

Shecollectsabout100kgofwasteeachweek,whichisthensortedoutbyhercolleaguesand

sentforrecyclingorsold.Shehasastockof6,000bookstolendandwantstotakethemobile

servicetoneighboringareasaswell.

KevinAlamsyah,aneager11-year-oldreader,looksforwastelyinginthevillage.44When

thereistoomuchtrash,ourenvironmentwillbecomedirtyandit'snothealthy.That'swhyIlook

fortrashtoborrowabook,,,hesays.

Theliteracyrateforabove-15-year-oldsinIndonesiaisaround96percent,butaSeptember

reportbytheWorldBankwarnedthatthepandemicwillleavemorethan80%of15-year-olds

belowtheminimumreadinglevelidentifiedbytheOrganizationfbrEconomicCooperationand

Development.

8.Whatis“TrashLibrary"like?

A.Well-decorated.B.Noisyanddirty.C.Relaxing.D.

Popular.

9.WhydoesRadenrunthe"TrashLibrary”?

A.Tofightagainstclimatechange.

B.Tocollecttrashformoney.

C.Tohelpkidsgetawayfromonlinegames.

D.Togetkidstoreadmoreandcarefortheenvironment.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Indonesia'senvironmentalsituationisworrying.

B.PeopleinIndonesiahasaverylowliteracyrate.

C.Thetrashlibraryhasbeenintroducedtomanyothercities.

D.Thepandemichasanegativeeffectonteenagers'reading.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANovelWaytoImproveLibraryB.TheIndonesianSystemforReading

C.YourTrashBenefitingtheEnvironmentD.YourCollectedTrashforOurBooks

【答案】8.D9.D10.D11.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了印度尼西亚爪哇岛的一名图书管理员正以一种新颖

的方式鼓励孩子们在获取知识的同时保护环境一一孩子们可以用收集来的垃圾换书看。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段"Assoonassheshowsup,littlechildren,manyaccompaniedbytheir

mothers,surroundher"TrashLibrary''andaskloudlyforthebooks."（她一出现，许多孩子在

母亲的陪伴下围在她的“垃圾图书馆”周围，大声索要书籍。）可知，“垃圾图书馆”是受

欢迎的。故选D项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“"Letusgetkidstoreadmoreandbuildacultureofliteracyfroma

youngage,“Radcnsaid."Weshouldalsotakecareofourwasteinordertofightagainstclimate

changeandtosavetheearthfromtrash,"shesaid.''（雷登说：“让我们让孩子们多读书，从

小培养识字文化。”•她说：“为了对抗气候变化，保护地球免受垃圾的污染，我们也应

该处理我们的垃圾。可知，雷登经营“垃圾图书馆”是为了让孩子们多读书，并关心

环境。故选D项。

[10题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段"Theliteracyrateforabove-15-year-oldsinIndonesiaisaround96

percent,butaSeptemberreportbytheWorldBankwarnedthatthepandemicwillleavemorethan

80%of15-year-oldsbelowtheminimumreadinglevelidentifiedbytheOrganizationfor

EconomicCooperationandDevelopment."（印度尼西亚15岁以上儿童的识字率约为96%,

但世界银行9月的一份报告警告称，这场大流行病将使80%以上的15岁儿童低于经济合作

与发展组织设定的最低阅读水平。）可知，大流行病对青少年的阅读有负面影响。故选D

项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段"AnIndonesianlibrarianislendingbookstochildreninexchangefor

trashtheycollectinanovelwaytocleanuptheenvironmentandgetthekidstoreadmore."（一

名印尼图书管理员正在借书给孩子们，以一种新颖的方式交换他们收集的垃圾，从而清洁

环境，让孩子们多读书。）以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了孩子们可以用收集来的垃圾

换书看，所以“你收集垃圾换得我们的书”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。

D

Inrecentyears,researchersofCornellUniversity'sFoodandBrandLabarestudyinghow

environmentalfactorsinfluencemanyAmericanstounnoticeablyeattoomuch.Manypeople

wronglybelievethatfactorslikehungerorboredomanddepressionarethemaincausesof

overeating,buttheirresearchhasshownotherwise.Itisthoughtthatweovereatifthefoodisgood

orifwe'rereallyhungry.Inreality,thosearetwoofthelastthingsthatdeterminehowmuchwe

eat.

Inoneexperiment,theresearcherplacedjarsofcandiesinworkers5officesforamonth.

Then,hemovedthecandies1.8maway.Theofficeworkersatefivemorecandieseachdaywhen

thejarwasclosertothem,equalinganadditional125caloriesaday.Itdoesnotsoundtoobad,but

addthatupoverayearandyouwillhavegained5.4kg."Ifsomethingisvisible,everytimewe

seeit,wehavetomakeadecision:toeatitornot?”theresearcherexplained.

Intheotherexperiment,moviegoersweregivenfive-day-oldpopcorn,someinmedium-size

buckets,someinlargebuckets.Theresearcherfoundthatmoviegoerswhohadthelargerbuckets

ate53percentmore,despiteitsunpleasanttaste.Hebelievesthatthedistractionofthemovieand

hearingotherseatthepopcornpersuadepeopletokeepeating.

Thefindingsinotherresearcheshaveshownthatwetendtoeatmorewhenweuselarger

dishes,eatinfrontofthetelevision,ordinewithsomeonewhoeatsalot.Researchersofthelab

adviseagradualapproachinchangingeatinghabits.Peoplecancutacoupleofhundredcaloriesa

daybydoingthingssuchasavoidingopenfooddishesattheoffice,usingsmallerservingbowls,

sittingnexttotheslowesteaterandbeingthelastonetostarteating.

12.Whatisthetruthshownbythestudy?

A.Weeatmorewhenthefoodisgood.

B.Peopletendtoeatalotwhentheydineout.

C.Feelingdepressedleadsustoovereat.

D.Hungerisnotthekeyfactorinovereating.

13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwoexperiments?

A.Peopleturntomorecandiesformoreenergy.

B.Officeworkerseatmorecandiesduetovisibility.

C.Moviegoerseatmorepopcornbecauseitistasty.

D.Peoplekeepeatingpopcorntoenjoythemovie.

14.Whatissuggestedinchangingeatinghabits?

A.Diningwithslimpersons.B.Eatingwhilewatchingfilms

C.Usingsmallerdishes.D.Startingeatingearlier.

15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Todisplayaresearchprocess.

B.Toinstructhowtodoresearchexperiments.

C.Towarnagainstovereating.

D.Toadvisebeingamindfuleater.

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现环境因素影响我们吃得过多，我们应该

逐渐改变饮食习惯，减少食物的摄入，成为一个警觉的饮食者。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第——段的“Manypeoplewronglybelievethatfactorslikehungerorboredom

anddepressionarethemaincausesofovereating,buttheirresearchhasshownotherwise.Itis

thoughtthatweovereatifthefoodisgoodorifwe'rereallyhungry.Inreality,thosearetwoofthe

lastthingsthatdeterminehowmuchweeat.（许多人错误地认为，饥饿、无聊和抑郁是暴饮暴

食的主要原因，但他们的研究表明，情况并非如此。人们认为，如果食物很好，或者我们

真的很饿，我们就会吃得过多。事实上，这是决定我们吃多少的最后两件事。）”可知，这

个研究表明饥饿并不是暴饮暴食的关键因素。故选D。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theofficeworkersatefivemorecandieseachdaywhenthejar

wasclosertothem,equalinganadditional125caloriesaday.（当罐子离他们较近时，办公室职

员每天会多吃5块糖果，相当于每天多摄入125卡路里。厂和“'Ifsomethingisvisible,

everytimeweseeit,wehavetomakeadecision:toeatitornot?'theresearcherexplained.（研

究人员解释说:''如果某些东西是可见的，我们每次看到它时都必须做出决定:吃还是不

吃?）'可推断，办公室职员会因为看得见而吃更多的糖果。故选B。

（14题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Researchersofthelabadviseagradualapproachinchanging

eatinghabits.Peoplecancutacoupleofhundredcaloriesadaybydoingthingssuchasavoiding

openfooddishesattheoffice,usingsmallerservingbowls,sittingnexttotheslowesteaterand

beingthelastonetostarteating.（实验室的研究人员建议循序渐进地改变饮食习惯。人们每

天可以通过一些事情来减少几百卡路里的热量，比如在办公室里避免打开食物，使用较小

的餐具，坐在吃得最慢的人旁边，以及最后一个开始吃饭。广可知，在改变饮食习惯方

面，建议使用更小的餐具。故选C。

[15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段的“Inrecentyears,researchersofCornellUniversity'sFoodandBrand

LabarestudyinghowenvironmentalfactorsinfluencemanyAmericanstounnoticeablyeattoo

much.（近年来，康奈尔大学的食品和品牌实验室的研究人员正在研究环境因素如何影响许

多美国人不加注意地吃得过多。）”以及最后一段的“Thefindingsinotherresearcheshave

shownthatwetendtoeatmorewhenweuselargerdishes,eatinfrontofthetelevision,ordine

withsomeonewhoeatsalol.（其他研究发现，当我们使用更大的盘子、在电视机前吃饭或和

吃得多的人一起吃饭时，我们倾向于吃得更多）”以及最后一段的建议可知，本文主要讲述

了研究发现环境因素影响我们吃得过多，并给出了逐渐改变饮食习惯，减少食物摄入的建

议，因此推断本文的目的是建议人们成为一个警觉的饮食者。故选D。

第二节（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。

Lightningoraboltoflightningiswhatweallcallthebrightflashesoflightthatcomeoutof

thecloudsduringathunderstorm.16

Threethousandyearsago,theGreeksthoughtthatlightningboltscamefromanangrygod.

17Sincethen,scientistshavelearnedthatlightningisadischarge（释放）ofstatic

electricity（静电）hatformswhenthewaterdropletsmakingupthecloudsrubtogether.Thestatic

chargetriestogettothegroundorintoanother,andthatiswhenweseelightning.

Typically,lightningtravelsfromcloudtogroundorcloudtocloud.Thelightningyousee

duringasummerthunderstormiscalledcloud-to-ground.18Thatisindeedtoofastfor

thehumaneyetoseeitspath.

19Skyscrapersandthingsthataretallmaybehitmanytimesduringasinglestorm,

andstayingunderatalltreecanbeverydangerous.Duringathunderstorm,youcanfindsome

safetyinacarmadefrommetal.Lyingflatonthegroundinanopenareaisanotheroptionthat

providesyouwithsomesafety.

Lightningboltscausethegreatestthreattolifeandproperty（财产）.20InAmerica,

about100peoplearekilledbylightningeachyear.Itistruethatyourchanceofbeingstruckby

lightningisverylow,butyoushouldstillbecarefulbecauselightningisverydangerous.

A.Itisusuallyaccompaniedbythunder.

B.Lightningoftenstrikesinthesameplace.

C.Theyaremoredangerousthancommonlythought.

D.Lightningstartsinsideathunderstormandtravelsthroughthecloud.

E.Therearetwowaysthatflashescanstrikeground:downwardandupward.

F.In1752,BenjaminFranklinprovedthatlightningwasmadeupofelectricity.

G.Ittravelsfromastormcloudtothegroundatarateof200,000milesperhour.

【答案】16.A17.F18.G19.B20.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是闪电及闪电对人们的生命和财产造成的威

胁。

[16题详解】

根据上文uLightningoraboltoflightningiswhatweallcallthebrightflashesoflightthatcome

outofthecloudsduringathunderstorm.（闪电或一道闪电是我们对雷雨期间从云层中发出的

明亮的闪光的称呼。）”可知，上文介绍了什么是闪电，A项意为“它通常伴随着雷

声。”，选项承接上文，继续介绍闪电，且选项中的“It”代指上文的“Lighting"，即

闪电通常伴随着雷声。故选A。

【17题详解】

根据上文uThreethousandyearsago,theGreeksthoughtthatlightningboltscamefromanangry

god.（三千年前，希腊人认为闪电来自愤怒的上帝。）”可知，上文介绍了古时候人们对闪

电的由来的猜测，F项意为“1752年，本杰明•富兰克林证明了闪电是由电构成的。，

选项能够承接上文，介绍了现代科学家对闪电由来的科学说明。故选艮

[18题详解】

根据上文“Thelightningyouseeduringasummerthunderstormiscalledcloud-to-ground.（在夏

季雷雨期间，你所看到的闪电被称为“云对地”。）”可知，上文介绍了夏季雷雨期间的

“云对地”闪电，G项意为“它以每小时200000英里的速度从风暴云中移动到地面。”，

选项能够承接上文，介绍了“云对地”的速度，选项中的"fromastormcloudtothe

ground”和上文的"cloud-to-ground"相呼应。故选G。

【19题详解】

根据下文“Skyscrapersandthingsthataretallmaybehitmanytimesduringasinglestorm,and

stayingunderatalltreecanbeverydangerous.（摩天大楼和高大的东西在一场风暴中可能会被

多次击中，并且待在一棵大树下可能非常危险。）”可知，下文介绍了哪些地方是容易被闪

电击中的地方，B项意为“闪电经常击中同一个地方。”，选项能够引起下文，下文介绍

的正是容易被闪电击中的地方。故选B。

【20题详解】

根据上文uLightningboltscausethegreatestthreattolifeandproperty（财产）.（闪电对生命和

财产造成最大的威胁。）”可知，本段介绍的是闪电会对生命和财产造成极大威胁，C项意

为“它们比人们通常认为的更危险。”，选项能够承接上文，进一步描述闪电对生命和财

产造成的威胁的严重性，且下文“InAmerica,about100peoplearekilledbylightningeach

year.（在美国，每年大约有100人死于闪电。）”正是对威胁严重性的举例。故选C。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A.B、C.D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的

最佳选项。

Itisindeedtruethatageisnotabarrier（障碍）tolearning.PriscillaSitienei,a90-year-old

woman,has21itandisaninspirationtoallofuswhotendtogiveupso22.

Priscilla,asayounggirl,didnothavethe23toreadandwrite.Whatshecouldnot

dothendidnotstopherfromdreamingand24makingthosedreamscometrue.Shehas

25LeadersVisionPreparatorySchoolinhervillageinKenyaforthepastfiveyears.

Whatisevenmore26isthatshegoestoschoolwithhergreat-grandchildren!Shesays

thatshehasbig27andthatshe'dliketobeableto28theBible（圣经）.She

alsowantsto29childrentoreceiveschoolingandtofollowtheir30.

Herdayatschoolisthesameasanyotherstudents.Shewearsher31toschooland

attendsEnglish,Maths,Drama,Singing,PhysicalEducation,andDanceclasses.Abovethat,she

livesinoneoftheschooldormitories,whereshe32theroomwithhergreat-great-

grandchild.Allpupils33herandwanttoplaywithher.Shesetsanexampletothose

whohave34andthinktheyaretoooldtoget35.Shesays,“Well,Iamat

school,andsoshouldyou!"

21.A.experiencedB.proved