英语复习课件语法讲解篇-非谓语动词-27

高三英语总复习基础部分——语法讲解篇2.5高中英语常用语法——非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词的基本形式分为三种:todo;doing;done。根据非谓语动词在句中担当的成分,可归纳为以下要点:一、作主语(通常为doing,或todo形式)表一般情况时用doing,具体一次性动作用todo。固定句型:1.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花费时

间做某事

Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.2.Itis+形容词+for/ofsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事……/某人做某事……Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.Itisnousedoingsth.做某事无用Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.二、作宾语1.介词+doingbeusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯做某事bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事devoteoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事2.只能接不定式作宾语的动词:汉语意思英文搭配1.想要做某事wanttodosth.2.希望做某事hope/wishtodosth.3.决心做某事determinetodosth.4.决定做某事decide/choosetodosth.6.要求做某事begtodosth.7.拒绝做某事refusetodosth.8.同意做某事agreetodosth.9.允诺做某事promisetodosth.10.计划做某事plantodosth.11.打算做某事intendtodosth.12.准备做某事preparetodosth.13.安排做某事arrangetodosth.14.成功做某事managetodosth.15.渴望做某事longtodosth.16.目的在做某事aimtodosth.17.碰巧做某事happentodosth.18.没能做成某事failtodosth.5.主动提出做某事offertodosth.19.犹豫做某事hesitatetodosth.20.愿意做某事wouldlike/lovetodosth.21.迫不及待做某事can’twaittodosth.22.不遗余力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.23.尽力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.24.渴望做某事beeagertodosth.25.急于做某事beanxioustodosth.26.应该做某事besupposedtodosth.27.负担得起做某事affordtodosth.28.假装做某事pretendtodosth.

3.只能接动名词的动词或短语:汉语意思英文搭配1.喜爱做某事enjoydoingsth.2.完成做某事finishdoingsth.3.讨厌做某事dislikedoingsth.4.介意做某事minddoingsth.5.练习做某事practicedoingsth.6.持续做某事keepdoingsth.7.允许做某事permit/allowdoingsth.8.承认做某事admitdoingsth.9.考虑做某事considerdoingsth.10.建议做某事suggest/advisedoingsth.11.避免做某事avoiddoingsth.12.推迟做某事delaydoingsth.13.逃脱做某事escapedoingsth.14.禁止做某事forbid/prohibitdoingsth.15.想象做某事imaginedoingsth.16.提及做某事mentiondoingsth.17.错过做某事missdoingsth.18.阻止做某事preventdoingsth.19.理解做某事understanddoingsth.20.否认做某事denydoingsth.21.想做某事feellikedoingsth.22.放弃做某事giveupdoingsth.23.推迟做某事putoffdoingsth.24.继续做某事carryondoingsth.25.反复做某事keepondoingsth.26.坚持做某事insistondoingsth.27.忙于做某事bebusydoingsth.28.值得做某事sth.beworthdoing29.不能忍受做某事can’tstand/beardoingsth.30.感激做某事appreciatedoingsth.4.接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语:汉语意思英文搭配

汉语意思英文搭配1.停止做某事stopdoingsth.8.停下来去做某事stoptodosth.2.试着做某事trydoingsth.9.努力做某事trytodosth.3.意味着做某事meandoingsth.10.打算做某事meantodosth.4.忘记做过某事forgetdoingsth.11.忘记去做某事forgettodosth.5.后悔做过某事regretdoingsth.12.遗憾要做某事regrettodosth.6.继续做同一件事goondoingsth.13.接着做另一件事goontodosth.7.情不自禁做某事can’thelpdoingsth.14.不能帮助做某事can’thelptodosth.三、作定语1.位于抽象名词后的非谓语动词用todo形式,这类词有ability,chance,way等。Weshouldfindawaytosolvetheproblem.2.序数词(+名词)后用不定式作定语。Heisthefirsttocomeandlasttogo.3.havesomethingtodo有事要做。Shecan’tgotothepartywithus,forshehasworktodo.四、作状语1.be+形容词+todo,形容词后用todo作状语。

Sheisnoteasytopleaseashermother.

2.作目的、结果状语,表目的和结果。其中onlytofind,onlytodo等表示出人意料的结果。Sheprepareswellfortheexamtogetabetterresult.Shecametothestationhurriedly,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.3.作伴随状语,根据与句中主语的关系,主动用doing,被动用done。Jamessatintheemptyrestaurant,feelingfrustrated.Followedbyhisdog,Mr.Smithwenthome.

五、作补语1.感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear等)后补语有三种形式,以see为例:seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事的全过程seesth.done看到某事被做2.使役动词的补语,let/make/havesb.dosth.让某人做某事;但是被动语态中省略的不定式to需还原,即sb.ismadetodosth.。主动:Theboymadehislittlesistercry.被动:Theboy’ssisterwasmadetocrybyhim.

3.不定式作宾补的固定搭配:

汉语意思英文搭配1.求某人做某事asksb.todosth.2.邀请某人做某事invitesb.todosth.3.让某人做某事tellsb.todosth.4.提醒某人做某事remindsb.todosth.5.鼓励某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.6.激励某人做某事inspiresb.todosth.7.督促某人做某事urgesb.todosth.

8.要求某人做某事requiresb.todosth.

9.建议某人做某事advisesb.todosth.

10.说服某人做某事convince/persuadesb.todosth.11.强迫某人做某事forcesb.todosth.12.允诺某人做某事promisesb.todosth.13.警告某人做某事warnsb.todosth.14.允许某人做某事allow/permitsb.todosth.15.禁止某人做某事forbid/prohibitsb.todosth.16.希望某人做某事wish/expectsb.todosth.17.想要某人做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.18.等某人做某事waitforsb.todosth.19.号召某人做某事callonsb.todosth.非谓语动词专项练习一、单句填空,用所给词汇的适当形式填空。1.Theysignedanagreement

(expand)thetradebetweenthetwocountries.

toexpand

2.Theroomistoosmall

(hold)onehundredpeople.

3.Heworkedsohardthathegothispay________(raise).

4.Thebuilding

(build)nowwillbeusedasahospital.

5.

(discuss)manytimes,theproblemwassolvedatlast.

6.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhim

(repair)farmtools.

tohold

raised

beingbuilt

Havingbeendiscussed

repairing

7.Theworkershadthemachines

(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.

8.You’llwastetime

(talk)tohim;hewouldn’tlistentoyou.

9.WearelookingforwardtoMary’s

(come).

10.Thesentenceneeds_______________(improve).

11.(1)Wedon’tallow

(smoke)inthereadingroom.

(2)Wedon’tallowthem

(smoke)inthereadingroom.

running

talking

coming

improving(tobeimproved)

smoking

tosmoke

12.(1)

(work)hardandyou’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

(2)

(work)hard,you’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

13.(1)Thisisanimportantletter.Don’tforget_________(post)itthisafternoon.

(2)Don’tlookfortheletter.Youmusthaveforgotten

(post)itthisafternoon.14.(1)Iregret

(tell)youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing.

Work

Working

topost

posting

totell

(2)Idon’tregret

(tell)herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether.

15.(1)Thecomputercenter,

(build)lastnight,isverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

(2)Thecomputercenter,

(build)now,willbeverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

(3)Thecomputercenter,

(build)nextyear,willbeverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.

telling

built

beingbuilt

tobebuilt

16.(1)Weareconsidering

(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.

(2)Weareconsideringhow

(set)upanewfactoryhereinthistown.

17.(1)Weather

(permit),I’llgooutforanouting.

(2)Iftheweather

(permit),I’llgooutforanouting.

18.(1)Hehadnochoicebut

(read)aloudthetextintheclassroom.

setting

toset

permitting

permits

toread

(2)Hedidnothingbut

(read)aloudthetextintheclassroom.

19.(1)Doyouknowtheboywhois

(lie)underthebigtree?

(2)Thosebooks,whichare

(lay)onthedeskbyMary,belongtoJohn.

20.(1)Yourwordsareso

(encourage)thatallthepupilsare

(encourage)toworkhard.

(2)Yourtasknowishow

(encourage)thepupilstoworkhard.

read

lying

laid

encouraging

encouraged

toencourage

21.(1)

(see)fromthehill,theparkseemsmorebeautiful.

(2)

(see)fromthehill,you’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.

(3)

(see)fromthehill,andyou’llfindtheparkmorebeautiful.

22.(1)

(follow)bysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

(2)

(follow)others,Johncameintothehall,too.

Seen

Seeing

See

Followed

Following

23.(1)Theman

(call)Zhaosanusedtolivehere.

(2)Theman

(call)himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.

24.(1)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.

(2)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenightand________(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.

called

calling

preparing

prepared

二、改错题。1.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspenttobuythebook.

2.Youwillhavetopaythecostofsendapostcard.

3.Whathedidwaspuzzled.

4.Iwillspendaweekreadingandpreparefortheexamination.

将tobuy改为buying

(spend...doing。)

将send改为sending

(介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。)

将puzzled改为puzzling

(puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”的意思。)

将prepare改为preparing

(preparing和前面的reading是并列结构。)

5.CharlesandLindadoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.

6.YesterdayIhadmybadtoothpullingout.

7.Heardhersingasong,Iwasdeeplymoved.

8.Imadeaterriblemistake.Iregrettednottotakeyouradvice.

将climbed改为climbing

(aswellas是介词短语,后面接动名词或名词。)

将pulling改为pulled

(havethetoothpulledout表示“请人拔牙”的意思。)

将Heard改为Hearing

(与主语I是主动关系,作状语。)

将totake改为taking

(用动名词表示后悔做过某事。)

9.Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,westoppedhavingarestbeforewewentdownthemountain.

10.There’llbeagoodfilmtonight,rememberseeingitontime!

11.Thegamewasover,shewenthome.

12.Whenspeaking,youmustmakeyourselfhear.

将having改为tohave

(stop的目的是havearest。)

将seeing改为tosee

(还未看电影。)

将was改为being

(独立主格结构。)

将hear改为heard

(makeoneselfheard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。)

13.ShepretendednotseeingmewhenIcamein.

14.AbrahamLincolnwasconsideredbeingoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.

15.Followingbytheofficers,thegeneralinspectedthearmy.

16.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,anditneedsrepaired.

将seeing改为tosee

(pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。)

将being改为tobe

(consider后用不定式作宾补。)

将Following改为Followed

(过去分词表被动。)

将repaired改为repairing

(动名词主动形式,表被动意义。)

17.Don’tburnthefallingleavesontheground.

18.Losinginthought,healmostranintoacarinfrontofhim.

19.Ienjoytolistentotheclassicmusic.

20.Judgebywhathewears,heisafarmer.

将falling改为fallen

(过去分词作定语,强调动作的完成。)

将Losing改为Lost

(belostinthought表示“陷入深思”的意思。)

将tolisten改为listening

(enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。)

将Judge改为Judging

(judgingby...为一固定说法。)

第一章大家都来学化学1.2化学实验室之旅新知学习问题导学互动探究课堂反馈第2课时练习实验基本操作问题导学

1.2化学实验室之旅新知学习

1.2化学实验室之旅知识点一化学实验室安全知识

1．药品取用的规则(1)取用药品，按实验所需量取用。如果没有说明用量，应取最少量，固体只需________________，液体取________mL。(2)取用药品要做到“三不”：____________、_________、____________________。盖满试管底部1～2不用手拿不用嘴尝不用鼻子直接闻气味

1.2化学实验室之旅[说明]如果需要闻气体的气味，应用手在瓶口________，使________气体飘进鼻孔。轻轻扇动极少量2．固体药品的取用(1)块状或密度较大的金属颗粒(用镊子)

1.2化学实验室之旅(2)粉末状药品(用药匙或纸槽)

1.2化学实验室之旅3．液体药品的取用(1)倾倒液体(较多量——倾倒法)手心紧挨着倾斜倒放

1.2化学实验室之旅(2)滴加液体(较少量——滴加法)胶头滴管上垂直悬空用清水冲洗干净

1.2化学实验室之旅(3)量取液体(定量量取——先倾倒、后滴加)凹液面的最低处小多大少

1.2化学实验室之旅[注意]①选用的量筒应该是能够一次量取所需液体的最小规格的量筒，目的是减小误差；②量筒不能加热，不能用作反应容器，不能量取过热液体，不能用于配制或稀释溶液。

1.2化学实验室之旅互动探究探究点一药品的取用1．固体药品的取用[情景展示]

1.2化学实验室之旅[问题探究]如何正确取用粉末状和块状固体？[思考交流]

1.2化学实验室之旅[归纳提升]取用小颗粒或粉末状固体，先将试管平拿，用药匙或纸槽将药品放入试管底部，再慢慢竖立起来，可简记为“一平、二送、三直立”。块状固体的取用：现将试管横放，用镊子夹取固体放在试管口，再将试管慢慢竖立起来，可简记为：“一横、二放、三慢竖”。[课堂速记]

1.2化学实验室之旅2．液体药品的取用[情景展示1]

1.2化学实验室之旅[问题探究]如何正确的取用液体？[思考交流]

1.2化学实验室之旅[归纳提升]取少量液体药品采用滴加法：用胶头滴管吸取少量液体，保持滴管竖直在管口上方，不可把滴管伸入试管内；不可将滴管横放或倒持，操作要领：“垂直、悬空、滴”；较多量液体的取用采用倾倒法：将瓶塞倒放，标签向着手心，瓶口要紧挨着试管口，操作要领：“一倒、二向、三紧挨”。[课堂速记]

1.2化学实验室之旅2．液体药品的取用[情景展示2]

1.2化学实验室之旅[问题探究]如何定量地取用液体药品？[思考交流]

1.2化学实验室之旅[归纳提升]用量筒量取液体的体积时，先倾倒，后滴加。量筒须放平，读数时视线与量筒内液体的凹液面的最低处保持水平。[课堂速记]例1下列向试管中加入固体或液体的操作方法错误的是(

)

1.2化学实验室之旅[核心应用]核心一药品的取用A

1.2化学实验室之旅[方法点拨]认真研读教材上各种不同药品取用的规范操作图，并记住操作要点(如取用粉末状药品要“一横、二送、三直立”，倾倒液体药品要“一倒、二向、三挨、四盖”等)即可解答此类问题。［解析］将铁钉放入试管中的正确操作应为：将试管横放，然后将铁钉置于试管口，再缓缓将试管直立起来，使铁钉缓缓滑至试管底部。将二氧化锰粉末放入试管中：应用药匙或纸槽，操作时，试管横放，将药品平送入试管底部，再将试管慢慢竖直起来，手指轻弹药匙柄或纸槽，使药品全部落入试管底部。向试管内倾倒少量液体药品时，瓶塞应该倒放在桌面上，标签向着手心，瓶口与试管口紧挨。向试管中滴加少量液体药品时，滴管应保持垂直悬空于试管口正上方滴加。

1.2化学实验室之旅1.酒精灯的使用方法知识点二给物质加热

1.2化学实验室之旅2．酒精灯的火焰焰心

1.2化学实验室之旅3.给试管中的液体加热勿对人中上部45

1.2化学实验室之旅[情景展示1]探究点二给物质加热

1.2化学实验室之旅[问题探究]如何正确使用酒精灯？[思考交流]

1.2化学实验室之旅[归纳总结]酒精灯的使用应注意“三要三禁止”：要用火柴或打火机点燃酒精灯，禁止用燃着的酒精灯去引燃另一只酒精灯；要用酒精灯的外焰加热，禁止向燃着的酒精灯内添加酒精；熄灭时要用灯帽盖灭，禁止用嘴吹以免失火。[课堂速记]

1.2化学实验室之旅[情景展示2]

1.2化学实验室之旅[问题探究]如何加热液体？[思考交流]

1.2化学实验室之旅[归纳总结]加热时，试管中的液体不应超过试管容积的三分之一；试管夹从底部往上套，夹