大学英语四六级考场写作应急方略

大学英语四六级考场写作应急方略一、换用笼统词

词大体可分为两类：笼统词和详细词。笼统词的特点在于意义广泛、搭配性强。虽然它们独自不能精确表达一个动作，但在构成词组以后可替代许多详细词。写作中遇到一些详细词写不出来的时候，用笼统词取代，能收到异曲同工之妙。最常用的笼统词有have，take等。

例：迈克经受了一个极其艰苦的时代。Mikeexperiencedaterriblehardtime.写作时，若遗忘了experience可用笼统词have代替，写成Mikehadaterriblehardtime.同样能收到预期效果。这样的例子还许多。如：

Doyouunderstandmymeaning,sir?=Doyoutakemymeaning,sir?

Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.=Iwilltakethemeeting.

Iwillsubscribetothelocalnewspaper.=Iwilltakethelocalnewspaper.

Theyoccupiedthecity.=Theytookthecity.

Theboyresembleshisfather.=Theboytakesafterhisfather.

从以上的例句不难看出，详细词音节较多，使用频率不高，简单遗忘，而笼统词则不然。因此，在作文应试中，笼统词取代详细词，不失为一种应急良策。

二、换用同义词、反义词等相关词汇

遇到未曾学过的词或一时想不起的词时，可采纳发散性思维，发挥想象力，尽可能想出与之有关的同义词、反义词，利用语言的内在联系、多层次、多角度地运用语言，使单词受阻现象得以解决。

例：昨晚李雷做了一场恶梦。

LiLeihadanightmarelastnight.因nightmare使用率不高，不易记住。但其同义词baddream易记。上句可换译为：LiLeihadabaddreamlastnight.

再如：Thefoodistasty.=Thefoodisnicetoeat.=Thefoodisdelicious.

Wediscontinuedtheworkatnine.=Westoppedtheworkatnine.

Thiswomanistalkative.=Thiswomanisneverquiet.

Thiscarisexpensive.=Thiscarisnotcheap.

另外：

Heisstupid.=Heisfoolish.=Heisafool.=Heissilly.

Thefoodisdelicious.=Thefoodistasty.=Thefoodisnicetoeat.

Theydiscontinuedtheworkatfive.=Theystoppedtheworkatfive.

Histemperisnasty.=Histemperisterrible.=Hehasabadtemper.

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的，词与词之间语义的"共核'现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们供应了极大的便利。

同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，请看下面的.例子：

Heisstubborn.=Heisnottame.

Theknifeisblunt.=Theknifeisnotsharp.

Thisisexpensive.=Thisisnotcheap.

Sheistalkative.=Sheisneverquiet.

三、换用迂回表达

当一个词或某些信息表达起来有困难时，要充分利用语言本身词汇丰富、句型多变等特点，进行迂回表达。由于任何一种表达形式，只要能达意便可接受。英语当中多功能解释性语句，就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子：

例：1.我从未见到过这样顽固的人。

Iveneverseensuchastubbornperson.=Iveneverseensuchapersonwhoneverlistenstoothersadvice.

2.假如我们想得到文凭，我们必需首先通过考试。

Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma，wemustfirstpasstheexams.=Ifwewanttogetagraduationpaper，wemustfirstpasstheexams.

3.工厂里的烟囱(chimney)拔地而起。

Highchimneyshaveappearedinthefactories.=Thefactoriesarefullofhighchimneys.=Alotofhighchimneyscanbeseeninthefactories.

4.他数学考试取得优异成果，被高校录用了。

Hepassedthemathsexam/succeededinthemathsexamandbecameacollegestudent.

5.中午我们吃了野餐。

Atnoonwehadapicnic.=Atnoonwehadourlunchintheopenair.

解释性语句能关心我们奇妙地避开一些大词，难词，又能使意思表达流畅，不失为一聪慧之举。比较下面两篇文章：

(1)

Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldetestis,butallbeingdomineeredbyit.Itrepresentsatrial;thegradeitsverdict.

Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcandominateonesfuture.Iamnotexaggerating;foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma,wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothaveadiploma,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayconcerntheirfuture.

Butaslongasexaminationisonitspeakofpower,wemustbephilosophicalofit.Donotalwaysthinkoftheharmthatitbrings,butthinkofthegooditmaydotous.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayindulgeourselvesinotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreandthoroughly?

(2)

Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldislikeit(hateit),butallbeingruledbyit.Itisatrial;thegradeitsdecision.

Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcancontrolonesfuture.Iamtellingthetruth,foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttogetagraduationpaper,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayhavesomethingtodowiththeirfuture.

Butaslongasexaminationisonitshighestpointofpower,wemusthaveacalmattitudetoit.Donotalwaysthinkoftheharmthatitbrings,butthinkofthegooditmaydotous.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayspendourtimeonotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmore