2020年军队文职人员招聘考试外国语言文学类-英语试卷

军队女职

2020年军队文职人员招聘考试

外国语言文学类一英语试卷

一、语法与词汇(共20题，每题0.5分，总计10分)

1.Ifnon-compliancewiththelocalhousingpilotagreement,itisnecessarytopromptly

()thesituation.

A.modify

B.revise

C.rectify

D.correct

2.Goodpostureleadstobetterbodymechanics.Youwilltirelesseasily,feellesssoreafter

youexercise,andalsobeless()toinjuries.

A.likely

B.subject

C.prone

D.apt

3.Butithasabigdisadvantage.Itdoesn*tallowyoutorunbothoperatingsystems(),

orcopyandpastematerialbetweenthem.

Asimultaneously

Bspontaneously

Cconsciously

Dpotentially

4.Sheexpressedherstrongdeterminationthatnothingcould()hertogiveupher

careerasateacher.

Areduce

Binduce

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Cseduce

Ddeduce

5.Ifyou()myadvice,youwouldbebetternow.

A.hadfollowed

B.followed

C.weretofollow

D.follow

6.Heistheonlyperson()waspresentatthetime.

A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.that

7.Whetherornotshewilltakeupthejobisuptoherparents,()?

A.isn'tit

B.isit

C.doesn'tshe

D.doesshe

8.1don'tthinkyourlecture()theaudience,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.

A.gotloseto

B.gotdownto

C.gotawaywith

D.gotacrossto

9.Theoldcastlerequires()after()bythestorm.

A.toberestored;hit

B.beingrestored;beinghit

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C.restoring;beinghit

D.havingbeenrestored;hit

10.Wewilldoeverythingwecantohelpanybody,()hisbackground,togoasfaras

histalentswilltakehim.

A.whatever

B.however

C.whichever

D.wherever

11.()himself()theproject,hehadnotimetogobackhome.

A.Occupied;with

B.Occupied;in

C.Occupying;with

D.Occupying;in

12.Thenumber911isaspecialnumber,(),Ithink,thatwillberememberedbythe

Americansforever.

A.which

B.what

C.theone

D.one

13.It?sareportedthatalleducatorsbelievethatachallengingsituationcanoften()

thebestqualitiesofaperson.

A.bringup

B.bringabout

C.bringforward

D.bringout

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14.Mary()bythetraffic,otherwise,shewouldn'thavebeenlateforthemeeting.

A.musthavebeenheldup

B.shouldhavebeenheldup

C.hasbeenheldup

D.hadbeenheldup

15.Thenewprojectneedsmorelaborthan()becauseitisreallydifficult.

A.beingputin

B.tobeputin

C.hasbeenputin

D.havebeenputin

16.Withoutfacts,apersoncannotformcorrectopinion,forheneedstohaveactual

knowledge()histhinking.

A.whichtobebasedon

B.onwhichtobase

C.whichtobase

D.onwhichtobebased

17.()thesplendidmountain,thatwoodenbuildinglooksshabby.

A.Beneath

B.Over

C.Above

D.Beside

18.Onweekends,hewastootiedtodo()liearoundorgotothegym.

A.everythingand

B.somethingand

C.anythingbut

D.allbut

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19.1raisedobjectionsatthemeeting,buthowI()rathernothavedonethat.

A.could

B.would

C.should

D.might

20.()ministersdecidetoinstigateaninquiry,we()welcomeit.

A.Should;would

B.Suppose;could

C.If;would

D.Would;will

二、基础常识(共10题，每题I分，总计10分)

2l.TheauthorofVanityFairis().

A.CharlesDickens

B.AlfredTennyson

C.WilliamThackeray

D.RobertBrowning

22.WhichisthehighestrankamongthetitlesofEnglishnobility?()

A.Earl

B.Duke

C.Marquees

D.Baron

23.Adelaideisacityof().

A.Australia

B.NewZealand

C.America

D.theUnitedKingdom

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24.ThegreatworksofFrancisScottKeyFitzgeraldis()

A.FarewelltoArms

B.TheSunAlsoRises

C.TheSoundandtheFury

D.TheGreatGatsby

25.ThesymbolofRepublicanPartyUnitedStatesis()

A.deer

B.monkey

C.elephant

D.donkey

26.L.Bloomfiledbelongsto().

A.descriptivelinguistics

B.PragueSchool

C.CopenhagenSchool

D.Functionallinguistics

27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?()

A.Arbitrariness

BDisplacement

C.Duality

D.Diachronicity.

28.()isdefinedasthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmind.

A.Semantics

B.Pragmatics

C.Cognitivelinguistics

D.Sociolinguistics

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29.Thespeechacttheorywasfirstputforwardby().

A.JohnSearle

B.JohnAustin

C.NoamChomsky

D.M.A.K.Halliday

30.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionof().

A.reference

B.meaning

C.antonymy

D.context

三、阅读理解(共25题，每题2分，总计50分)

TEXTA

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe4greatclasslesssociety5.Theideathatthe

twentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.

Thesameoldargumentsareputfbrwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasa

systemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeen

deprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,in

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeen

complete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Close

examinationdoesn'tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyou

provideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucanever

provideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactis

thatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theold

rulesofthejungle,4survivalofthefittest',and'mightisright,arestillwithus.Thespreadof

educationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.

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For'aristocracy'read'meritocracy\inotherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystem

isrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterial

rewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthto

securethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem'agoodstartinlife9.Forall

thelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.

Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneofthe

principlesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheir

children.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechild

fromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalso

usedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleader

ofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducation

isforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatisthe

needforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyand

expensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothe

samething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?()

A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.

B.Equalitymeansmoney.

C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.

D.Naturecan'tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan'tgetridofinequality

because().

A.theprinciple'survivalofthefittesfexists.

B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.

C.materialrewardsarefbrgenuineability.

D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.

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33.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?()

A.Thosewithwealth.

B.Thosewiththebestbrains.

C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.

D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.

34.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?

Because().

A.moneydecideseverything.

B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.

C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.

D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.

35.Accordingtotheauthor,4classdivisions5refersto().

A.therichandthepoor.

B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.

C.oppressorandtheoppressed.

D.geniusandstupidity.

TEXTB

(1)Youshouldtreatskepticallytheloudcriesnowcomingfromcollegesanduniversities

thatthelastbastionofexcellenceinAmericaneducationisbeingguttedbystatebudgetcutsand

mountingcosts.Whateverelseitis,highereducationisnotabastionofexcellence.Itisshot

throughwithwaste,laxacademicstandardsandmediocreteachingandscholarship.

(2)True,theeconomicpressures-fromtheIvyLeaguetostatesystems-areintense.Last

year,nearlytwo-thirdsofschoolshadtomakemidyearspendingcutstostaywithintheirbudgets.

Itisalsotrue(asuniversitypresidentsanddeansargue)thatrelievingthosepressuresmerelyby

raisingtuitionsandcuttingcourseswillmakemattersworse.Studentswillpaymoreandgetless.

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Theuniversitypresidentsanddeanswanttobesparedfromfurthergovernmentbudgetcuts.Their

caseisweak.

(3)Highereducationisabloatedenterprise.Toomanyprofessorsdotoolittleteachingtotoo

manyill-preparedstudents.Costscanbecutandqualityimprovedwithoutreducingthenumberof

graduates.Manycollegesanduniversitiesshouldshrink.Someshouldgooutofbusiness.

Consider:

•Exceptfbreliteschools,admissionsstandardsarelow.About70percentoffreshmenat

four-yearcollegesanduniversitiesattendtheirfirst-choiceschools.Roughly20percentgototheir

secondchoices.Mostschoolshaveeagerlyboostedenrollmentstomaximizerevenues(tuitionand

statesubsidies).

•Dropoutratesarehigh.Halformoreoffreshmendon'tgetdegrees.ArecentstudyofPhD

programsat10majoruniversitiesalsofoundhighdropoutratesfbrdoctoralcandidates.

•Theattritionamongundergraduatesisparticularlysurprisingbecausecollegestandards

haveapparentlyfallen.Onestudyofseventopschoolsfoundwidespreadgradeinflation.In1963,

halfofthestudentsinintroductoryphilosophycoursesgotaB-orworse.By1986,only21

percentdid.Ifeliteschoolshaverelaxedstandards,thepracticeisalmostsurelywidespread.

•Facultyteachingloadshavefallensteadilysincethe1960s.Inmajoruniversities,senior

facultymembersoftendolessthantwohoursadayofteaching.Professorsare"socializedto

publish,teachgraduatestudentsandspendaslittletimeteaching(undergraduates)aspossible/5

concludesJamesFairweatherofPennStateUniversityinanewstudy.Facultypayconsistently

risesasundergraduateteachingloadsdrop.

•Universitieshaveencouragedanalmostmindlessexplosionofgraduatedegrees.Since

1960,thenumberofmasters5degreesawardedannuallyhasrisenmorethanfourfoldto337,000.

Between1965and1989,theannualnumberofMBAs(mastersinbusinessadministration)jumped

from7,600to73,100.

(4)Evenso,oursystemhasstrengths.Itboastsmanytop-notchschoolsandallowsalmost

anyonetogotocollege.Butmediocrityispervasive.Wepushasmanyfreshmenaspossible

throughthedoor,regardlessofqualifications.Becausebachelors'degreesaresocommon,we

createmoregraduatedegreesofdubiousworth.DoesanyonebelievetheMBAexplosionhas

improvedmanagement?

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(5)Youwon'thearmuchaboutthisfromcollegedeansoruniversitypresidents.Theycreated

thismessandareitsbiggestbeneficiaries.Largeenrollmentssupportlargefaculties.More

graduatestudentsliberatetenuredfacultyfromundergraduateteachingtoconcentrateonwriting

andresearch:thesourceofstatus.RichardHuber,aformercollegedean,writesknowinglyina

newbook("HowProfessorsPlaytheCatGuardingtheCream:WhyWe'rePayingMoreand

GettingLessinHigherEducation^^):Presidents,deansandtrustees...callfbrmorerecognitionof

goodteachingwithprizesandsalaryincentives.

(6)TherealityisclosertotheexperienceofHarvardUniversity,sdistinguishedpaleontologist

StephenJayGould:"Tobeperfectlyhonest,thoughlipserviceisgiventoteaching,Ihavenever

seriouslyheardteachingconsideredinanymeetingfbrpromotion...Writingisthecurrencyof

prestigeandpromotion.

(7)Aboutfbur-fifthsofallstudentsattendstate-subsidizedsystems,fromcommunitycolleges

toprestigeuniversities.Howgovernorsandstatelegislaturesdealwiththeirbudgetpressureswill

bedecisive.Privateschoolswill,fbrbetterorworse,beinfluencedbystateactions.Thestates

needtodothreethings.

(8)First,creategenuineentrancerequirements.Today'slowstandardstellhighschool

students:Youdon'thavetoworkhardtogotocollege.Statesshouldchangethemessageby

raisingtuitionssharplyandcouplingtheincreasewithgenerousscholarshipsbasedonmeritand

income.Togetscholarships,studentswouldhavetopassmeaningfulentranceexams.Ideally,the

scholarshipsshouldbeavailablefbruseatin-stateprivateschools.Allschoolswouldthen

competefbrstudentsonthebasisofacademicqualityandcosts.Today'ssystemofgeneraltuition

subsidiesprovidesaidtowell-to-dofamiliesthatdon'tneeditortounqualifiedstudentswho

don'tdeserveit.

(9)Next,statesshouldraisefacultyteachingloads,mainlyatfour-yearschools.(Teaching

loadsatcommunitycollegesarealreadyhigh.)Thiswouldcutcostsandreemphasizetheprimacy

ofteachingatmostschools.Whatweneedareteacherswhoknowtheirfieldsandcan

communicateenthusiasmtostudents.Notallprofessorscanbepath-breakingscholars.The

excessiveemphasisonscholarshipgeneratesmanyunreadbooksandmediocrearticlesin

academicjournals."Youcan'tdomoreofone(research)withoutlessoftheother(teaching),M

saysFairweather."Peopleareworkinghard-it'sjustwherethey'reworking.^^

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(10)Finally,statesshouldreduceoreliminatetheleastusefulgraduateprograms.Journalism

(nowdubbed“communications"),businessandeducationareprimecandidates.Alotofwhatthey

teachcan-andshould-belearnedonthejob.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesdidabetterjobof

teachingundergraduates,therewouldbelessneedforgraduatedegrees.

(11)Ourcollegesanduniversitiesneedtoprovideabettereducationtodeservingstudents.

Thismaymeansmallerenrollments,butgiventoday'sattritionrates,thenumberofgraduates

neednotdrop.Highereducationcouldbecomeabastionofexcellence,ifwewouldonlytry.

36.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3thattheauthorwas()towardstheeducation.

A.indifferent

B.neutral

C.positive

D.negative

37.ThefollowingarecurrentproblemsfacingallAmericanuniversitiesEXCEPT().

A.highdropoutrates

B.lowadmissionstandards

C.lowundergraduateteachingloads

D.explosionofgraduatedegrees

38.Inordertoensureteachingquality,theauthorsuggeststhatthestatesdoallthefollowing

EXCEPT().

A.setentrancerequirements

B.raisefacultyteachingloads

C.increaseundergraduateprograms

D.reduceuselessgraduateprograms

39."Primecandidates^^inPara.10isusedas().

A.euphemism

B.metaphor

C.analogy

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D.personification

40.Whatistheauthor'smainargumentinthepassage?()

A.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentbyensuringstatebudget.

B.Professorsshouldteachmoreundergraduatesthanpostgraduates.

C.Academicstandardarethemainmeanstoensureeducationalquality.

D.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentonlybyraisingteachingquality.

TEXTC

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorof

philosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehave

placedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelya

matterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000

questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemed

toshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenot

completingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwell

financially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowenton

tocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated'becauseofthe

concernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividuals

whodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.

AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainon

universityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.Somepeopleexpressedtheopinionthatthe

shortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthe

dropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D."Theresultsofourresearch11Dr.

Tuckerconcluded,"didnotsupporttheseopinions**：

•Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

•Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsof

abilityortheirspecialities.

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•Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfbrtheirdecision,but

thosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,

uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportant

personalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfbrnon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackof

financeswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswere

receiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.'swiththatbackgroundreachedthis

figure.ThePh.D.*sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%for

thedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,

wherePh.D.'stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themain

conditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailfbratleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsider

returningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelof

incomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

41.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat().

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.

B.thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

C.thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.

D.Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartof

facultymembers.

42.Researchhasshownthat()

A.DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.'sinfinancialattainment.

B.TheincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

C.ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.

D.Aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthe

degree.

43.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsfbrthePh.D.()

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A.isthemostfrequentreasonfbrdroppingout.

B.ismoredifficultfbrthesciencecandidatethanfbrthehumanitiescandidate.

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.

D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

44.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat().

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthe

degree.

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.

D.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

45.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin().

A.salaryfbrPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.salaryfbrdropoutstoohigh.

D.lowpositions.

TEXTD

MyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagement

theoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesof

differenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexamine

whatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthose

theoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbesurerilbe

happyinmycareer?Second,howcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamily

willbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?Herearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeused

tohelpyouleadapurposefullife.

1.UseYourResourcesWisely.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,

andtalentshapeyourliffe'sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses“thatcompetefbrthese

resources:I'mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributeto

mycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesame

problemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.Howmuchdo

Idevotetoeachofthesepursuits?

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Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttoverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.

Sometimesthat'sgood:opportunitiesthatyouhaveneverplannedfbremerge.Butifyoudon't

investyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutpeoplewhoinadvertently

investedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican'thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightback

toashort-termperspective.

Whenpeoplewithahighneedfbrachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextra

ounceofenergy,they'llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangible

accomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe'removingforward.

Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasale,teachaclass,publisha

paper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswith

yourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn'tofferthesameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kids

misbehaveeveryday.It'sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraiseda

goodsonoragooddaughter."Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadaily

basisitdoesn'tseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethis

unconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,even

thoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceof

happiness.

Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou'llfindthispredisposition

towardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,

you'Hseethatsamestu