新标准大学英语四-UNIT2课件

Danger!

Books

may

change

your

life1

LikeLewisCarroll'sAlice,whofallsintoarabbitholeanddiscoversamysteriouswonderland,whenwepickupabookweareabouttoenteranewworld.Webecomeobserversoflifefromthepointofviewofapersonolderthanourselves,orthroughtheeyesofachild.Wemaytravelaroundtheglobetocountriesorcultureswewouldneverdreamofvisitinginreallife.We'llhaveexperienceswhicharenew,sometimesdisconcerting,maybedeeplyattractive,possiblyunpleasantorpainful,butneverlessthanliberatingfromtherealworldwecomefrom.Text2TheEnglishpoetWilliamCowper(1731–1800)said"Variety'stheveryspiceoflife,/Thatgivesitallitsflavour"althoughheneglectedtosaywhereorhowwecouldfindit.Butweknowhewasright.Weknowweliveinaworldofvarietyanddifference.TextWeknowthatpeoplelivevariousdifferentlives,spendtheirtimeinvariousdifferentways,havedifferentjobs,believeindifferentthings,havedifferentopinions,differentcustoms,andspeakdifferentlanguages.Normally,wedon'tknowtheextentofthesedifferences,yetsometimeswhensomethingunusualhappenstomakeusnotice,varietyanddifferenceappearmoreasathreatthananopportunity.Text3Readingbooksallowsustoenjoyandcelebratethisvarietyanddifferenceinsafety,andprovidesuswithanopportunitytogrow.Tointeractwithotherpeople'slivesinthepeaceandquietofourhomesisaprivilegewhichonlyreadingfictioncanaffordus.Weevenunderstand,howeverfleetingly,thatwehavemoreincommonwithotherreadersofbooksinotherculturesthanwemightdowiththefirstpersonwemeetwhenwestepoutofourfrontdoors.Welearntolookbeyondourimmediatesurroundingstothehorizonandalandscapefarawayfromhome.Text4Ifweeverquestionthetruthofthepowerofreadingbooks,weshouldtakethetroubletogotoourlocallibraryorbookshop,oreven,ifwe'refortunateenough,tothebooksonourshelvesathome.TextWeshouldwonderatthestrikingvistascreatedbythetitlesofnovelsrangingfromtheclassicstothemostrecent:TheGrapesofWrathbyJohnSteinbeck,TheFourthHandbyJohnIrving,CancerWardbyAleksandrSolzhenitsyn,ForWhomtheBellTollsbyErnestHemingway,OurManinHavanabyGrahamGreene,TheTimeTraveller'sWifebyAudreyNiffeneggerorSalmonFishing

intheYemenbyPaulTorday.Thenweshouldreflectontheotherliveswe'llmeetoncewebegintoread.Text5Everybookwillhaveitsownlanguageanddialect,itsownvocabularyandgrammar.Wemaynotalwaysunderstandeverywordorsentence,butwhetherwe'reenchantedorwhetherwefeelexcluded,ouremotionsareneverthelessstimulated.Otherpeopleandotherculturesarenotalwaysdistantbecauseofgeography.Inabookwemayconfrontpeoplewholiveinadifferentclimate,havedifferentreligiousbeliefs,orcomefromadifferentethnicgroup.Evenourneighboursdowntheroadmaybestrangerswhowecanonlymeetthroughbooks.Text6Assoonasweareabletolisten,booksaresupremely

influentialinthewaywelive.Fromthebedtimestoryreadbyaparenttotheirchildallthewaythroughtothesittingroomlinedwithbooksinouradulthomes,booksdefineourlives.TheEnglishwriterE.M.Forster(1879–1970)evenhintedatamoremysticalpowerwhichbookspossessoverus.TextHewrote,"Isuggestthattheonlybooksthatinfluenceusarethoseforwhichweareready,andwhichhavegonealittlefurtherdownourparticularpaththanwehavegoneourselves."It'sasiftherightbookcomestoseekusoutattherightmoment,andoffersitselftous–it'snotuswhoseekoutthebook.Text7

ThomasMerton(1915–1968),theAmericanmonk,priestandwriter,wasonceaskedaseriesofsevenquestionsbyajournalist:Namethelastthreebooksyouhaveread,thethreebooksyouarereadingnow,thebooksyouintendtoread,thebooksthathaveinfluencedyou,andwhy,abookthateveryoneshouldread,andwhy.Forthebookswhichhadinfluencedhim,hecited

poeticworksofWilliamBlake,variousplaysbyancientGreekthinkersandwriters,andanumberofreligiouswritings.TextWhenaskedwhytheyhadinfluencedhim,hereplied,"Thesebooksandotherslikethemhavehelpedmetodiscovertherealmeaningofmylife,andhavemadeitpossibleformetogetoutoftheconfusionandmeaninglessnessofanexistencecompletelyimmersedintheneedsandpassivitiesfosteredbyacultureinwhichsalesareeverything."Text8Sohowwouldyouanswerthequestions?9In1947,CliftonFadiman

coinedthetermhome-runbook.Whenabaseballplayerhitsahomerun,hehitstheballsohardandsofarhe'sabletorunroundthefourbasesofthediamond,andscorepointsnotonlyforhimselfbutfortheotherrunnersalreadyonabase.It'sthemostenjoyableandsatisfyingeventinabaseballgame.Text

Likewise,ahome-runbookdescribesnotthechild'sfirstreadingexperience,butthefirsttimetheyreadabookwhichinducessuchpleasureandsatisfactionthattheycan'tputitdown.Forhundredsofmillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,thebestknownexampleofahome-runbookwillbetheHarryPotter

stories.Text10Asadults,we'realwayslookingforourownhome-runbooks,notjustforthefirsttime,buttimeaftertimeagain.Whoeverhasreadanovelinonesittingwillalwaysrememberthepleasureandsatisfactionwhichawaitus,andeagerly,insistently,sometimesevendesperatelyseekstoreproducethemarvelloussensationagain.Wecannotwithstandthehungertovisitanotherworld,tomeetdifferentpeople,toliveotherlivesandtoreflectonourselves.11Danger!Booksmaychangeyourlife.Suchisthepowerofreading.

Text危险！书可能会改变你的人生1

刘易斯·卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉进了兔子洞里，但她在那里发现了一个神奇的仙境。当我们打开一本书时，我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界。我们能从一个年长者的角度，或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活；我们可以周游世界，遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化；我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情，这些事情也许令人困惑，也许引人入胜；可能是不愉快的，也可能是令人痛苦的，但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出来。Text2

英国诗人威廉·柯珀（1731-1800）说：“变化是生活的调味品，它让生活变得有滋有味。”虽然他没有说在什么地方以及怎样才能找到变化，但我们知道他说得对。我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里。Text我们知道人们的生活各不相同，过日子的方式也不尽不同，人们做不同的工作，有不同的信仰，持不同的观点，有不同的风俗习惯，说不同的语言。通常，我们不知道这些差异的大小，但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意，这种变化或差异与其说是机会，毋宁说是威胁。Text3

读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异，并为我们提供成长的机会。在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动，这是阅读小说才享有的特权。我们甚至感觉到——哪怕只是在一瞬间——我们和异文化读者的共同点或许要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点。我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境，投向天边，去领略一下异域风光。Text4

如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话，我们就应该自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书店，或者，如果我们足够幸运的话，可以读一读家里书架上的书。Text我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象：约翰·斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》、约翰·欧文的《第四只手》、亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴的《癌病房》、欧内斯特·海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》、格雷厄姆·格林的《哈瓦那特派员》、奥黛丽·尼芬格的《时间旅行者的妻子》、保罗·托迪的《到也门钓鲑鱼》。一旦开始阅读，我们就应该思考一下我们在书中读到的别样人生。Text5

每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法。我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字、每一句话，但不管我们是痴迷其中，还是觉得被排斥在外，我们的情感被调动起来了。尽管在地理上有一定的距离，但其他民族、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远。在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不同信仰、来自不同民族的人。即便是住在同一条街上的邻居，我们也可能对其一无所知，而只能通过阅读结识。Text6

小时候，在我们刚刚能听懂别人说话的时候，书就对我们的生活方式产生了很大的影响。从父母给孩子读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书柜的客厅，书界定了我们的人生。英国作家E.M.福斯特（1879–1970）暗示书对我们具有另一种更加神秘的支配力。Text他写道：“我认为能影响我们的书籍是那些我们已经准备要读的书，而且这些书在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更远一些。”合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们，出现在我们面前，而不是我们去寻找那本书。Text7

美国修士、牧师及作家托马斯·默顿（1915–1968）曾经被记者一连串地问了7个问题：说出你最近读完的3本书；你正在读的3本书；你打算要读的书；对你有影响的书，并解释一下理由；一本你觉得每人都要读的书，并解释一下理由。关于对他有影响的书，他列出了威廉·布莱克的诗集、古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以及一些宗教作品。Text当被问及这些书为何会影响他时，他回答说：“这些书——还有其他类似的书籍——帮助我找到了人生的真谛。销售就是一切的文化培育了人们无止境的需求和消极被动，生活充满了困惑和空虚，而书籍则把我从这种困惑和空虚中解脱了出来。”Text8

那么，你又会如何回答这些问题呢？91947年，克利夫顿·法迪曼发明了“全垒打书籍”这个词。当一个棒球手打出一个全垒打时，因为击球有力、打得远，他有时间跑完整个棒球场内的四个垒，不仅自己得分，而且还能帮其他各个垒的跑垒者得分，这是棒球赛里最有趣和最开心的事情。Text同样，一本“全垒打书籍”指的不是儿童第一次读书的经历，而是指他第一次读到一本给他带来极大愉悦和满足感的书以至于让他爱不释手的经历。对世界上数以亿计的儿童来说，“全垒打书籍”的最典型的例子就是《哈利波特》系列故事。Text10

作为成年人，我们总在寻找自己的“全垒打书籍”，不仅是第一次，而是一次又一次地寻找。所有一口气读完一本小说的人都会记得那种令人期待的愉悦和满足感，并会焦急、固执、有时甚至疯狂地寻求重复体验这种感觉。我们想周游另一个世界、想与不同的人见面、想经历别样的人生并自我反省，我们无法遏制这样的渴求。11

危险！书可能会改变你的人生。这就是读书的力量。TextWords&Phrasesmysteriouswonderlandobserverdisconcertingneglectnormallyinteractmonkmysticalinfluentialsupremelyconfrontexcludeenchantbaserunnerdiamondcoinfosterpassivitymeaninglessnessvistawrathdialectpoeticcitepriestawait

inducelikewiseWords&Phrasesinsistentlydesperatelysensationwithstandpeaceandquiet

havesth.incommon(withsb.)

seekout

Words&PhrasesLewisCarroll

刘易斯·卡罗尔WilliamCowper

威廉·柯珀TheGrapesofWrath

《愤怒的葡萄》JohnSteinbeck

约翰·斯坦贝克TheFourthHand

《第四只手》JohnIrving

约翰·欧文CancerWard

《癌病房》AleksandrSolzhenitsyn

亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴ForWhomtheBellTolls

《丧钟为谁而鸣》ErnestHemingway

欧内斯特·海明威Words&PhrasesOur

Man

in

Havana

《哈瓦那特派员》GrahamGreene

格雷厄姆·格林The

Time

Traveller’s

Wife

《时空旅人之妻》AudreyNiffenegger

奥黛丽·尼芬格Salmon

Fishing

in

the

Yemen

《到也门钓鲑鱼》PaulTorday

保罗·托迪E.M.Forster

E.M.福斯特ThomasMerton

托马斯·默顿WilliamBlake

威廉·布莱克CliftonFadiman

克利夫顿·法迪曼mysterious

a.

1)keepingthingssecret,especiallyinawaythatmakesotherpeoplewanttodiscoverwhattheyare神秘的；诡秘的e.g.TherearemanymysteriousstoriesabouttheEgyptianpyramids.

关于埃及金字塔有许多神秘的故事。2)difficultorimpossibletounderstand,explain,oridentify

难以理解的；不可思议的

e.g.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.警方正在调查这家医院里儿童令人费解的死因。Wordfamily:mystery

n.Words&Phraseswonderland

n.

1)[U]animaginarymagicplaceinstories（故事中的）仙境e.g.ThemostsurprisingthingaboutAlice'sAdventuresinWonderland

isitsgenerallackofsurprise.

《爱丽丝梦游仙境》中最令人意外的是它缺少意外。2)[C]aplacethatisbeautiful,strange,andexciting美丽的地方；奇妙的地方e.g.Thesnowstormturnedthetownintoawinterwonderland.

暴雪把小城变成了一个冬季胜地。Words&Phrasesobserver

n.[C]someonewhoseesornoticessth.

观察者；目击者e.g.1.Thedriverisapoorobserverofspeedrestrictions.

这个司机不仔细观察限速标志。2.Themostcasualobserverwouldhavenoticedhisstrangebehaviour.最漫不经心的观察者也可能留意到了他奇怪的举动。Wordfamily:

observe

v.Words&Phrasesdisconcerting

a.makingyoufeelworried,confused,orsurprised令人吃惊的；使人困惑的；令人不安的e.g.1.Hisvaguereplywascompletelydisconcerting.

他含糊的回答让人完全摸不着头脑。2.Theplaywasspoiledbyalotofdisconcertingnoise.这出戏让令人不安的嘈杂声给糟蹋了。Wordfamily:disconcert

v.

e.g.Herconstantshufflingofnewspapersdisconcertedus.

她不断地乱翻报纸使我们心神不定。Words&Phrasesneglect

vt.1)failtodosth.thatyoushoulddo

漏做；疏忽e.g.1.

Sheneglectedpayingthefine.

她忘了缴罚金。2.Don'tneglecttolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时别忘了锁门。2)failtopayattentiontosth.suchasanideaoraworkofart无视，忽视e.g.Hewassobusythatheneglectedhishealth.他忙得连身体健康都无法顾及。Words&Phrasesnormally

ad.

1)

inmostsituationsorcases

通常；按惯例e.g.It’sanopportunitytotrythingsyouwouldn’tnormallybeabletodo.你可以借这次机会尝试平常不可能做的事情。2)intheusualway

正常地

e.g.

Mumwastryingtoactnormally,butshewasclearlyupset.

妈妈试图表现得正常，但是她明显很不安。Wordfamily:normal

a.

Antonym:abnormalWords&Phrasesinteract

vi.(~with)iftwoormorepeopleinteract,orifonepersoninteractswithanother,theycommunicatewithoneanotherandreacttooneanother,oftenwhileperforminganactivitytogether相互交流；互动e.g.Inlargeclasses,childrenfeelthattheycannotinteractwiththeteacherproperly.

在人数多的班级里，孩子们觉得无法和老师适当地互动。Wordfamily:interaction

n.

e.g.Thereshouldbealotmoreinteractionbetweenthesocialservicesandlocaldoctors.

社会公益机构和当地医生应该大力加强互动（协作）。Words&Phrasesvista

n.[C]1)(mainlyliterary)theviewthatyoucanseefromaparticularplace,especiallyabeautifulview

景色，美景e.g.Wespentafewmomentsenjoyingthevistafromthehotelbalcony.我们享受了片刻从酒店阳台望出去的美景。2)asituationwhichseemstomakeitpossibleforparticularthingstohappenorexist前景；展望e.g.Theendofrestrictionsopenedupnewvistasforinvestment.

限令的结束为投资开创了新的前景。Words&Phraseswrath

n.[U](fml)verygreatanger愤怒；狂怒e.g.1.Hefearedthewrathofhisemployer.他害怕老板发火。2.Bytheirsintheyprovokedthewrathofthepeople.

他们因犯罪而激起民愤。Seealso:

TheGrapesofWrath.Words&Phrasesdialect

n.[C,U]aformofalanguagewhichisspokenonlyinonearea,withwordsorgrammarthatareslightlydifferentfromotherformsofthesamelanguage方言；行话

e.g.

1.Thedialectisspokenprincipallyintheruralareas.

这种方言主要在农村地区使用。2.Everynowandthenhewouldlapseintothelocaldialect.

他讲话中不时地冒出当地方言。Words&Perestandattractsomeoneverystrongly

使陶醉；使入迷e.g.1.Thefamilywasenchantedwiththecutelittlegirl.

这一家子非常喜欢这个可爱的小姑娘。2.Shewasenchantedwiththeflowersyousenther.

她非常喜欢你送的花。3.Theballetenchantedus.

那芭蕾舞剧看得我们入迷。Words&Phrasesexcludevt.

1)makesomeonefeelthattheydonotbelongtoyourgroup

排斥（某人）e.g.Ifeltasthoughtheotherwomenwereexcludingme.我感觉其他女人似乎都在排斥我。2)deliberatelypreventsomeoneorsth.frombeinginvolvedinanactivityorfromenteringaplace（故意）把……排除在外，不包括e.g.Thecommitteenowhastodecidewhethertoexcludehimfromthecompetition.委员会现在必须决定是否不让他参加这个竞赛。Antonym:includeWordfamily:exclusion

n.

exclusive

a.Words&Phrasesconfront

vt.

1)deal

with

a

difficult

situationheadon

正视；处理；面对

e.g.

1.Ittakescouragetoconfrontyourfears.正视你的恐惧需要勇气。2.Weneedtoconfronttheseproblemsbeforeit’stoolate.我们需要在一切都太晚之前把这些问题处理掉。3.Heswungroundtoconfronthisaccusers.

他突然转过身来直视那些指控他的人。Words&Phrases2)(OFTENPASSIVE)goclosetosomeoneinathreateningway使面对；使遭遇e.g.

1.Theguardondutywasconfrontedbyanarmedman.执勤的卫兵遭遇了一个携带武器的人。2.Weneedtocreateeducationstandardsthatprepareournextgenerationwhowillbeconfrontedwithanevenmorecompetitivemarket.(CET4-2005-06)

我们需要创建教育标准，让我们的下一代准备好面对一个竞争更激烈的市场。Words&Phrasessupremelyad.

extremely,ortothehighestpossibledegree

极其地；极度地e.g.

1.Heagainfeltsupremelyconfidentabouttheexamhewasgoingtoface.

他又觉得对将到的考试充满信心。

2.FortheenduserGoogleissupremelysimple,visuallyandotherwise

对终端用户而言，“谷歌”是极其简约的，无论是视觉效果还是其他。

Wordfamily:supreme

a.Words&Phrasesinfluential a.abletoinfluencethewayotherpeoplethinkorbehave

有影响力的e.g.

1.Heisoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresinthegovernment.他是政府最具影响力的人物之一。2.WhilePradaisoneofthemostinfluentialdesignersintheworld,itseemstherealforcebehindthebusinessisherhusbandBertelli.虽然普拉达是世界上最有影响力的设计师之一，但她的丈夫贝特利似乎才是生意背后的真正决策人。Wordfamily:influence

v.&n.Words&Phrasesmysticala.(also

mystic)

relatingtoorinvolvingmysteriousreligiousorspiritualpowers

神奇的；神秘的e.g.1.AlthoughTheTempestisthemostmysticalofShakespeare'sworks,thereisacomicsub-plot.《暴风雨》是莎士比亚最神秘的作品，但是它的次要情节是有喜剧色彩的。2.Hehadundergoneaprofoundmysticalexperience.他有一段颇具神秘色彩的经历。Words&Phrasesmonkn.[C]amanwholivesinareligiouscommunityawayfromotherpeople.Monksliveinabuildingcalledamonastery

修道士；僧侣

e.g.Purityisanideafortheyogiorthemonk.纯洁是属于瑜伽士或修道士的观念。Words&PhrasesChinesemonkspriestn.[C]someonewhosejobistoleadworshipandperformotherdutiesandceremoniesinsomeChristianchurches（某些基督教教堂中的）牧师，神父Words&Phrasese.g.

1.HehadtrainedtobeaCatholicpriest.他受训成为了一名天主教神父。2.Heconfessedhissintothepriest.他向神父坦陈了自己的罪孽。citevt.mentionsth.asanexample,explanation,orproofofsth.else（作为例子、解释或对他事的证明而）提出，举出e.g.

1.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.

(CET4-2006-12)劳拉·希伦布兰德被引作一个例子来表明情感的力量如何能帮助人们获得人生的成就。

2.Thelawyercitedapreviouscasetosupporthisargument.律师引用了以前的一个案例来支持他的论点。Words&Phrasespoetica.

1)connectedwithpoetryorhavingthequalitiesofpoetry诗的；有诗歌特点的

e.g.Afableisapoeticstorythatillustratesamoralorteachesalesson.

寓言是一种用来阐明道理或给人以教训的诗歌故事。2)havingqualitiesofdeepfeelingorgracefulexpression诗意的，富有诗情的e.g.Theinterlacingbranchesonthepicturelookpoetic.

图上交错的树枝看起来很有诗意。Wordfamily:poetry

n.Words&Phrasesmeaninglessness

n.

[U]thequalityofhavingnovalueorsignificance没有明确目的；无意义e.g.

1.Modernartissteepedinpostmodernconceptsofmeaninglessness.现代艺术充满了无意义的后现代概念。2.Beneaththeirmasksofrelaxationandjovialitytherewasonlysterility,meaninglessnessandfutility.

在轻松享乐后留下的只是颓废和一无所取。Wordfamily:meaningless

a.

Words&Phrasespassivityn.[U]submissiontoothersortooutsideinfluences被动e.g.

Herstrategicpositionisoneofrelativepassivity.

她的战略处境相对被动。Wordfamily:passive

a.

Antonym:active

Words&Phrasesfoster

1)vt.helpsth.todevelopoveraperiodoftime

培养；鼓励；助长e.g.Themothertriedtofosterherson'sinterestinmusic.

母亲设法培养儿子对音乐的兴趣。2)vt.&vi.lookafterachildaspartofyourfamilyforaperiodoftimebecausethechild’sparentscannotlookafterthem养育，领养e.g.Nowadaysyoungcouplesometimesfoster.

现今年轻夫妇有时领养别人的孩子。CF.

adopt

vt.legallytake(another'schild)andbringitupasone'sownWords&Phrasescoin

1)vt.useawordorphrasethatnoonehasusedbefore

编造，杜撰（新词语）e.g.ItwasAndersonwhocoinedtheword.

是安德生造了这个字。

2)n.apieceofmetal,usuallyflatandround,thatisusedasmoney硬币；钱币Words&Phrasese.g.

Therefereedecidedwhichsideshouldkickoffbyspinningacoin.

裁判员以抛转硬币的方式来裁定哪一方先开球。diamondn.[C]thediamond-shapedareaofabaseballfieldwiththefourbasesatitscorners（棒球场的）内场Words&Phrasesrunnern.[C]inbaseball,aplayerwhoisononeofthebaseswaitingfortheballtobehit,sothattheycantrytorunandgetapoint（棒球中的）跑垒者Words&Phrasesbasen.[C]oneofthefourplacesonabaseballorroundersfieldthataplayermusttouchinordertoscorepoints（棒球的）垒Words&Phraseslikewisead.(fml)inthesameway,orinasimilarway

同样地；照样地e.g.

1.Thestockholderboughtsharesinthecompanyandadvisedhisclientstodolikewise.股东买了这家公司的股票，并且也建议他的客户们这么做。2.Itoldhimtowatchmeanddolikewise.我叫他仔细看着我，并且照做。Words&Phrasesinduce vt.causesth.,especiallyamentalorphysicalchange

引起，促使，导致e.g.

1.Theyhopetheirworkwouldinducesocialchange.

他们希望他们的努力能引起社会的变革。2.Bothtreatmentswereeffectiveininducingremissionofthedisease.

两种治疗对于促进病情的缓解都有效果。Words&Phrasesawaitvt.1)ifsth.awaitsyou,itwillhappentoyou（某事）将降临到……身上e.g.Iwonderwhatsurprisesawaitustoday.

我在想今天什么意外会降临到我们头上。2)waitforsth.thatyouexpecttohappen等候；期待e.g.Theywereawaitingthebirthoftheirfirstchild.

他们期待着第一个孩子的出世。 Words&Phrasesinsistentlyad.inaninsistentmanner坚持地

e.g.Diligencedependsonworkinginsistentlyinsteadofworkingendlesslydayandnight.勤奋意味着坚持不懈地工作，并不意味着夜以继日无休止地工作。Wordfamily:insistent

a.persistentlycontinual坚持不懈的e.g.She’samostinsistentperson;shewon’ttake‘no’forananswer.

她是个非常坚持己见的人，决不容别人反对。Words&Phrasesdesperatelyad.

1)

inaveryworriedorangryway

拼命地；绝望地

e.g.

Themanintheriverdesperatelytriedtoreachtheside.那个落水的人拼命想游到河岸边。

2)verymuch非常e.g.Thoughdesperatelyillhecouldlingeronformonths.

他虽病入膏肓，却尚能苟延数月。Wordfamily:desperate

a.

Words&Phrasessensationn.[C]afeeling,especiallyastrangeone,causedbyaparticularexperience

感觉，知觉e.g.

1.Hehadasensationthathewasbeingwatched.

他有种被监视的感觉。2.Iknewthetrainhadstopped,butIhadthesensationthatitwasmovingbackwards.

我知道火车已经停了，但有种火车在倒退的感觉。Words&Phraseswithstandvt.

1)bestrongenoughnottobeharmedordestroyedbysth.

承受住；顶住

e.g.Theycouldnotwithstandtheattackofthosesoldiers.

他们无法顶住那些士兵的袭击。2)beabletodealwithadifficultsituation对付，应对（困境）e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertheycanwithstandthepoorconditionoftheplaceornot.

我不知道他们是否能应对那里的贫困状况。Words&Phrasespeaceandquiet:a

calm

situation

in

which

you

are

not

annoyed

by

noise

or

other

people

安静e.g.

1.It’snottheholidaytochooseifyou’relookingforpeaceandquiet.节假日你休想得到安静。2.Whatatreattogetintothepeaceandquietofthecountry！进入这乡间宁静的环境是难得的乐事！Words&Phraseshavesth.

incommon(withsb.)：havethesameinterestsoropinionsassomeoneelse

（与某人）有共同点e.g.

1.It'sagoodideatozeroinonwhatthetwoofyouhaveincommon,andmakeconversationbasedonthosesimilarities.

确认你们两个的共同之处，并且以其为基础进行交谈是个好主意。

2.Thetwosistershavenothingincommon.

两姐妹没有什么共同之处。Words&Phrasesseekout：findsomeoneorsth.bylookingfortheminadeterminedway（下决心）找到e.g.

1.Heresolvedtoseekoutthetruth.

他决定找出真相。2.McCainbelievesthissystemwillencouragecompaniestoseekoutmoreefficientmeansofproduction.

麦凯恩认为这个制度将会鼓励企业寻求更高效的生产方式。Words&PhrasesLewisCarroll刘易斯·卡罗尔LewisCarroll(1832–1898)isthepennameofCharlesDodgson.HewasanEnglishwriter,apriest,amathematicianwhotaughtatOxfordUniversity,aphotographer,humoristandwriterofchildren’sliterature.Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland(1865)wasimmediatelysuccessful,amasterpiecewhichrevolutionizedchildren’sliterature,givingcoherenceandlogicthroughwitandhumortounlikelyorimpossibleepisodesinwhichimaginarycreaturesembodyrecognizablehumancharacteristics.HeisalsoknownforThroughtheLookingGlassandWhatAliceFoundThere(1871)andpoems,suchasTheHuntingoftheSnark(1876).Words&PhrasesWords&PhrasesLewisCarrollWilliamCowper威廉·柯珀Words&PhrasesWilliamCowper(1731–1800)

wasanotableEnglishpoet,

writerofhymnsandletter

writer.Hewrote

gentle,pious,

directpoemsabouteveryday

rurallifeandscenesofthe

countryside.Hewasoneofthe

forerunnersoftheRomantic

movement,andColeridgecalled

Cowper“thebestmodernpoet”.

Hetranslated

Homer’sGreek

epicsTheOdysseyandIliadintoEnglish.portraitofWilliamCowperTheGrapesofWrath

《愤怒的葡萄》（约翰·斯坦贝克的长篇小说）Words&PhrasesTheGrapesofWrathisanovelpublishedin1939andwrittenbyJohnSteinbeck,whowasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1940andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.SetduringtheGreatDepression,thenovelfocusesontheJoads,apoorfamilyofsharecroppersdrivenfromtheirOklahomahomebydrought,economichardship,andchangesinfinancialandagriculturalindustries.

FirsteditioncoverDuetotheirnearlyhopelesssituation,andinpartbecausetheyweretrappedintheDustBowl,theJoadssetoutforCalifornia.Alongwiththousandsofother"Okies",theysoughtjobs,land,dignityandafuture.Whenpreparingtowritethenovel,Steinbeckwrote:"Iwanttoputatagofshameonthegreedybastardswhoareresponsibleforthis[theGreatDepressionanditseffects]."Hefamouslysaid,"I'vedonemydamndesttoripareader'snervestorags,"andthisworkwonalargefollowingamongtheworkingclassduetoSteinbeck'ssympathytotheworkers'movementandhisaccessibleprosestyle.Words&Phrases

TheGrapesofWrathisfrequentlyreadinAmericanhighschoolandcollegeliteratureclassesduetoitshistoricalcontextandenduringlegacy.AcelebratedHollywoodfilmversion,starringHenryFondaanddirectedbyJohnFord,wasmadein1940.Words&PhrasesMoviepostersofTheGrapesofWrathJohnSteinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克Words&PhrasesJohnSteinbeck(1902–1968)wasaUSnovelistwhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.

TheGrapesofWrath(1939)isawell-known,longtragicnovel,whichwonthePulitzer

Prizeandwasmadeintoafilmin1940.Otherwell-knownnovelsincludeOfMiceandMen(1937),Cannery

Row(1945),ThePearl(1947),EastofEden(1952)andanaccountofapersonalrediscoveryofAmerica,

TravelswithCharley:InSearchofAmerica(1962).TheFourthHand

《第四只手》（约翰·欧文的小说）Words&PhrasesTheFourthHand

(2001)isacomic-satiricalnovelaboutaTVjournalist,Wallingford,

whoselefthandisseenbymillionsofviewerstobebittenoffbyacircuslion.Asurgeongiveshimahand

transplant(athirdhand),butDoris,thewifeofthedeaddonor,seducesWallingford,whofallsinlove

withher.Words&PhrasesShehashischild,butdoesn’tlovehim.Afterayear,hisbodyrejectsthetransplantedhand—itisremoved.ButWallingfordstillfeelsthesensationofthemissinghand(likeafourthhand).Finally,

Dorisagreestomarryhim.Thethemesofhands,loveandlifeanddeathcarrytheideaofasecondchance

andthewilltochange.ChineseeditionJohnIrving约翰·欧文JohnWinslowIrving(1942–)isaUSnovelistandAcademyAward-winningscreenwriterwhotaughtEnglishatuniversityandwasawrestlingcoach.SomeofIrving'snovels,suchasTheCiderHouseRulesandAPrayerforOwenMeany,havebeenbestsellersandmanyhavebeenmadeintomovies.HewontheBestAdaptedScreenplayAcademyA