2023年高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第第2页/共2页精品文档推荐高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句

一、并列句

(一)并列连词

①Theycomefromthesamecountry，andtheyaregoodfriends.

②IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,butIdidn'twanttospendalldaywithher.(2022·新课标卷Ⅱ)

③Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.

④Yesterday,Iforgottopickmydaughterup,soshewaitedinthekindergartenfornearlytwohours.

⑤Wouldyouliketoleaveorwouldyouliketostay?逻辑总结：

1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。

2.表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but,yet(然而),whereas(然而，但是),while(然而)等。

3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for,so等。

4．表示挑选关系常用的并列连词有or,either...or...,not...but,neither...nor...等。

(二)祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式

①Workhardandyouwillsucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.

②Hurryuporwewillbelate.＝

Ifyoudon'thurryup,wewillbelate.

③Afewmoreeffortsandyouwillsucceed.＝Ifyoumakeafewmoreefforts,youwillsucceed.

逻辑总结：

1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句。

2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋

主句。

二、状语从句

英语中状语从句总共有九类，分离用来表示时光、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句衔接起来，以表达分句之间的特定规律关系。例如：

①Ihavebroughtanumbrellabecauseitisraining.(缘由)

②Ihavebroughtanumbrellaincaseitrains.(目的)

③IhavebroughtanumbrellasothatIdon'tgetwet.(结果)

④Ihavebroughtanumbrellaeventhoughit'snotraining.(让步)

⑤Youdon'tneedbringanumbrellaunlessitisraining.(条件)

因此，学习状语从句的关键是把握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，普通都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。

下面分离对九大类别的状语从句举行举例说明：

（一）时光状语从句时光状语从句表示时光。

引导时光的状语从句的常用引导词有：when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until等。特别引导词有：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。

1.when/while/as/whenever

①WhenIwentintotheoffice,theteacherswerehaving

ameeting.

②WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,theycamein.

③Astimegoesby,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.

④When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.

⑤Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.

逻辑总结：

(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。

(2)从属连词while引导的动作必需是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对照。

(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替举行或同时完成，可译为"一边……(，一边……)"或"随着……"。(4)假如主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用连续性动词的举行时态表示在一段时光内正在举行的动作，此时when,while与as可互换使用。

(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是常常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成"无论何时"。

2.when的特别用法

①Hewasabouttogotobedwhenthedoorbellrang.

②TheywerewatchingtheWorldCupwhensuddenlythelightswentout.

③Theyhadjustarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.

逻辑总结：

when引导时光状语从句，意为"正在这时"，表示某件事刚要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，骤然发生另一动作。常见句型有：

①was/wereabouttodosth.when...

=was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when...

②was/weredoingsth.when...

③had(just)donesth.when...

3．表示"刚……就……，一……就……"的常用表达

①ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming

②Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.

③Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.

＝Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.(2022·辽宁高考)

④Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.

=HardlyhadIgottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.

⑤Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.

逻辑总结：

(1)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为"一……就……"。

(2)nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：nosooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词

应用普通过去时。此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。

【注重】"一……就……"还可用on/upondoing结构来表示。

OnarrivinghomehecalledupLester.=Assoonashearrivedhome,hecalledupLester.

4．before与since

①Youmustlearntoconsultyourfeelingsandyourreasonbeforeyoureachanydecision.(2022·湖南高考)

②Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.

③Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.(陕西高考)

④ItwasseveralyearsbeforeIrealizedthatDavidhadliedtome.

⑤ItwasnotlongbeforeIrealizedIwaswrong.

⑥Asisreported,itis100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.(2022·四川高考)

逻辑总结：

(1)before表示"还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前"。

(2)Itwillbe＋时光段＋before+普通现在时。"要过多久才……"

(3)Itwon'tbelongbefore+普通现在时。"不久之后就会…"。

(4)Itwas＋时光段＋before+普通过去时。"过了多久才……"。

(5)Itwasn'tlongbefore+普通过去时。"没过多久就……"

(6)Itis＋一段时光＋since..."自从……多久了"。

5．表示"每次；下一次……"的常用表达

①Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.

②Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.

③ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.逻辑总结：

everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime,anytime等名词短语用来引导时光状语从句，表示"每当……；每次……；下次……"等。

6．till,until和not...until

①Haveyouheardthemeetingwillbeput

offtill/untilnextTuesday?

②Iwonnottellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhehasbeenworkingonitformorethananhour.

逻辑总结：

(1)until或till表示"某动作向来连续到某时光点才停止"，此时主句谓语动词是连续性动词，主、从句都为绝对式。这两个词可以换用，但till不行以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not...until表示"某动作直到某时光才开头"，主句谓语动词是非连续性动词，从句为绝对式。

（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位。

引导地点状语从句的常用的引导词是where；

特别引导词有：wherever。

例如：

①Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.

②Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

③Wherethereiswaterthereislife.

④Generallyspeaking,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.

⑤Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.

⑥Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.

⑦Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.⑧Sitwhereveryoulike.

逻辑总结：

(1)地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。

(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。

（三）缘由状语从句缘由状语从句表示缘由或理由。

引导缘由状语从句的常用引导词有：because,since,as,for,now(that)等。特别引导词有：seeing(that),in(that),considering(that)等。

例如：

①Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.

②Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.

③Ashedidn'tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.

④Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.⑤Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.

⑥Now(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartourjourney.

⑦Seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.

⑧Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquitegoodjob.

（四）目的状语从句目的状语从句用来说明主句中发生的目的。目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。

引导目的状语从句的引导词或词组有：that,sothat,inorderthat

特别引导词有：lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat

例如：

①Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.

②ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.

③Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.

④Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.

⑤Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldcatchcold.

（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句表示事态结果，通常主句是缘由，从句是结果。

引导结果状语从句的常用引导词有：so,that,sothat,so…that,such…that。例如：

①Shewasill,sothatshedidn'tattendthemeeting.

②Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.

③Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.

④Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.

⑤Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.

⑥Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.

【注重】so...that如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：

1．so+形容词副词+that从句

①Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.

②Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.

2．so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句

①Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.

②Hemadesoinspiringaspeechthateverybodygotexcited.

3．so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句

①IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.

②Hehassofewfriendthatheoftenfeelslonely.4．so+much/little+不行数名词+that从句

①IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn'tevenafford

ausedcar.

②Hedranksomuchwinelastnightthathefeltterrible.

【注重】such...that如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：

1．such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句

①Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.

②Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.

2．such+形容词+复数可数名词+that从句

①Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.

②Theyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatallofuswanttoreadthem.

3．such+形容词+不行数名词+that从句

①Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.

②Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.

提醒：such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so+形容词+aan+单数名词结构互换。

Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.=Hetoldussofunnyastorythatwealllaughed.

=Thestoryhetolduswassofunnythatwealllaughed.【区分】such/so……that……引导的状语从句和such/so……as……引导的定语从句。

①Heissuchacleverboythatweeveryonelikeshim.(状语从句)

②Heissocleveraboythatweeveryonelikeshim(状语从句)

③Shehadsuchafrightthatshefainted.(状语从句)

④Heissocleveraboyaseveryonelikes.(定语从句)

⑤Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定语

从句)

⑥Luckilysuchearthquakesascancausealotofdamagedon'thappenveryoften.（定语从句）

（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真切性（有可能实现的事情）与非真切性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。

引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有：if,unless特别引导

词有：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,suppose/supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat，so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。

注重：条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。

例如：

①Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.

②Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.

③SofarasIknow,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.

④Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.

⑤Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.

A.if真切条件句

真切条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。

①Ifhedoesn'tcomeat8,wewon'twaitforhim.

②Ifafloodhappenedinthepast,therewasusually

agreatlossoflifeandproperty.

B．if非真切条件句

在含有非真切条件句的复合句中，假设的状况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。（本部分详见语法专题九：虚拟语气）

（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句表示让步关系。

引导让步状语从句常用的引导词有：though,although,evenif,eventhough特别引导词有：as(用在让步状语从

句中必需要倒装)，while(普通用在句首)，inspiteofthefactthat,whether...or(not),nomatter+特别疑问词,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever等.

例如：

①Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.

②Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.

③Although(Though)hewasoversixty,hebegantolearnFrench.

④I'llgotoworkevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.

⑤Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.

⑥Whateveryousay,I'llneverchangemymind.

⑦Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.

⑧Nomatterwhohelpsme,Ishallbeverygrateful.

⑨Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.

（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句表示动作的方式。

引导方式状语从句的引导词有：as,asif(though)等。

例如：

①YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.

②Doasyouaretold.

③Shelooksasifsheisill.

④Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.

⑤Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened.

逻辑总结：

asif或asthough引导的从句普通用虚拟语气，但假如从句中所陈述的状况很可能实现，用陈述语气。

（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句表示比较关系。

引导比较状语从句的引导词有：than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等。

例如：

①Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.

②Shehasmadegreaterprogressthisyearthanshedidlastyear.③Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.

④Maryisasoldasmysister.

⑤Themoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.

=Ifyoureadmore,youwillunderstandbetter.

⑥Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.

⑦Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

⑧Thesooner,thebetter.

⑨Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.

⑩Themoredifficultthequestionsare,thelesslikelyIamtobeabletoanswerthem.

（十）使用状语从句时要注重的几个问题

1、在时光和条件（有时在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是普通未来时，从句通常用普通现在时表示未来。

例如：

①We'llgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.

②I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.

2、有些时光、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，假如从句的主语与主句主语全都（或虽不全都，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的"主语+be"部分。例如：①When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.

②If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.

③If(itis)necessaryI'llexplaintoyouagain.

④Don'tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.

⑤Pressurecanbeincreasedwhen(itis)needed.

⑥Unless(itis)repaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.

⑦Lookoutwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.

3、注重区别不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要按照连词，还要按照句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。

例如：

①Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（状语从句）

②Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定语从句）

③Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）

④Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）

⑤Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）

高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练

状语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：

1.(2022·天津，7)theaverageageofthepopulationincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.

2.(2022·全国Ⅲ，七选五)Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigerator________youdon'tcookitimmediately.

3.(2022·北京，27)Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，________he'sinhisnineties.

4.(2022·北京，33)Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic________ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.

5.(2022·四川，阅读B)________youdo,don'tbeabystander.

6.(2022·四川，66)________thelittlepandacried,themotherrockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.

7.(2022·江苏，26)________somepeoplearemotivatedby

aneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.

8.(2022·浙江，5)________onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.

9.(2022·江苏，26)Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutside________fullycoveredinthickclothes.10.(2022·湖南，33)________thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime,moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit.

11.(2022·北京，28)Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficult________longasyoukeeppracticingit.

12.(2022·北京，32)________thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.

13.(2022·浙江，9)Just________asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.

14.(2022·重庆，4)Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears________yougetanotherone.

15.(2022·天津，12)Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem________wecansolveit.

16.(2022·安徽，23)________scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.

17.(2022·福建，31)________thestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.

18.(2022·安徽，25)Themeaningoftheword"nice"changedafewtimes________itfinallycametoincludethesense"pleasant"．

19.(2022·江西，35)Itwasthemiddleofthenight______myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.

20.(2022·陕西，24)Theyoungcouple，whoreturnedmylostwallet，left________Icouldaskfortheirnames.

21.(2022·重庆，14)Halfanhourlater，Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi______thebushaddroppedher.

22.(2022·北京，29)Even________theforestparkisfaraway，alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.

23.(2022·江苏，21)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture，________historycannotbechanged.

24.(2022·山东，2)Idon'treallyliketheauthor，

________Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.25．(2022·湖南，26)Youwillnevergainsuccess________youarefullydevotedtoyourwork.

26．(2022·天津，4)________youstarteatinginahealthierway，weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.学习札记：

状语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：

1．C[考查状语从句。句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延伸，越来越多的老人需要照看。as在此处引导状语从句，表示"随着"。]

2．if[考查状语从句，按照句意：当你买了鱼回家的时候，假如你不立即做的话，最好先存储到冰箱里。可以看出是条件关系。]

3．eventhough/though[考查连词。句意：尽管我祖父已经九十多岁了，但他仍不时打网球。由句意可知，本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系。]