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Chapｔｅrｏne:Theｒｏmａｎticpeｒｉod

I.Emerson’sｔｒａnscendentaliｓｍａndｈisattｉｔudetowａrdｎature：ﻫ１。Trａnscenｄentalisｍ—itｉsａphilosophicandｌitｅrarymｏvementthaｔflouｒiｓｈinNewＥnｇｌanｄ，aｓaｒeaｃtionagａinstｒａtionalｉｓmanｄCalvｉnisｍ。Itstｒessedintｕitiveundｅrｓtａnｄinｇofgodwｉtｈoutｔｈehelpｏfthechｕrcｈ,andadvoｃatedindependeｎceofthemiｎd．ﻫ2．Eｍersoｎ'sｔrａnscendｅntalism：

Ｔｈｅovｅr-soul—iｔｉsａnalｌ－ｐervａdingpowergoodnesｓ，ｆroｍwhiｃhalltｈingscomeanｄofｗhｉchａllarｅａpart。Ｉtisaｓuｐｒｅｍereａlｉｔｙｏfmind,asｐｉritualunityofallbeinｇsandareｌiｇion。Ｉｔiｓaｃomｍｕniｃａtiｏnｂetweenａnindiｖiｄualｓoulandthｅｕniversalｏver-ｓoｕｌ．Aｎｄheｓｔronglyｂｅｌiｅｖeiｎthedｉｖinitｙａndinｆiniｔｙｏfｍａnasaniｎｄividｕａｌ,soｍancａntotalｌyrelyｏｎhimself．ﻫ3.Histowaｒdnature：

Emersonlｏveｓnaturｅ。Hisnaｔuｒeistheｇarmｅntofｔheｏver－soｕl，syｍbolicaｎdmoralｂound。Natｕreiｓnｏｔsｏmetｈinｇｐuｒｅlyｏｆthｅｍatter，ｂutalｉｖewithＧod’sprｅsｅncｅ．Iteｘｅrciseaheａlｔhyandrestorativeｉnflueｎｃｅｏnhumanbeiｎｇs.Ｃhildrｅnｃansｅenａtuｒｅbｅtｔｅrｔｈaｎaｄulｔ。II．Ｈaｗｔhorne’sPuｒiｔaｎiｓmａｎdhiｓｂlackvｉsｉonｏｆman：ﻫ1.Puｒitaｎiｓm—itｉstherｅligｉｏｕsbｅliｅfｏftｈePuristａｎs,wｈohadinteｎdedtopurifyandsimplｉｆytherｅｌigiousrituａlofthechurcｈｏfＥngland.

2．ｈisblackvisionofman—ｂyｔheCalｖｉnisticcｏnceptｏforiginalsin，hebelievｅdｔhathumａnbeiｎgareｅｖiｌnatuｒedandｓinｆｕl,aｎdthissiniseveｒpｒesenｔｉnｈumａnｈeaｒｔａnｄwillpａｓｓｏneｇeｎeratｉontoanｏthｅr。

3.YoungＧooｄmanBrowｎ—ｉｔsｈowstｈateveryoneｈasｓｏmeevilｓecrets。ThｅinnocentanｄnaïveBrowniｓcoｎfrｏｎteｄwiththevｉsionoｆhｕｍａnｅｖiｌinoneteｒｒｉblenight，ａndｔhｅnhebecomｅsdiｓｔｒusｔfulanddｏubtful.Bｒｏｗｎstaｎｄsｆｏrｅveｒyoｎe,whoiｓboｒｎpureaｎdhａsｎocontactwiththerealwoｒld，andｔｈepｒoｍiｎentpeoplｅoftheviｌlａgeａndchｕrch．Theycｏveｒtheｉrseｃretsduｒingｄａｉlylｉｖｅs，andundｅrsｏmecｉrcumstancｅssuchaｓｔｈｅwitｃh'ｓSabｂath,theｙbecｏmewhattheyaｒe．Evenｈisｃlosedｗife,Faith,isnoexceptｉon。ＳoＢｒownｉsaｇedinｔhatnight.ﻫﻫﻫIII。TｈeｓymboｌisｍｏfMelｖiｌlｅ’sMobｂｙ-Dick

１.Thevoyagetｏcatｃｈthewhitewhaleisthｅoneｏfthemｉndinqｕestｏftheｔｒuthaｎdknｏwledgeofuniveｒse．ﻫ2.ＴoAhab，thewhaｌeisaneviｌｃｒeatureorｔheagentｏfａｎevｉlforcｅthatｃontrｏｌthｅuｎiｖeｒse。Astoreaders，thｅwｈaleisａsymboｌoｆphysiｃａlliｍitｓ，ｏrasymｂｏlｏfnatｕre．Italsocanｓtanｄfortｈeｕｌtimateｍyｓteｒyoftheuniverｓeandｔｈｅwallbehindｗhｉchｕnknowｎｍaliciｏusｔhｉngｓaｒeｈidｉng．ＩＶ。WｈitmａｎanｄｈｉｓＬeavesofＧｒasｓ：ﻫ1．Themｅ:sｉngｏfthe“en—mａss"anｄtｈeseｌf/puｒｓuｉtofｌovｅ，happｉｎｅsｓ，and＊＊*uallovｅ/ｓｏｍetimesａbouｔｐoｌｉｔｉｃs(Drumtaps)ﻫ2．Whitmaｎ'sｏriginalityｆirsｔinhiｓuseofthｅｐｏeticfｏrｍfｒｅｅveｒsｅ(i．ｅ.poetrｙwｉthｏｕtａfiｘeｄbeａｔorrｅｇularrｈymescｈeme)，bymeansofwhicｈｈebｅｃomesｃonveｒsａｔionａｌaｎdcasuaｌ.ﻫ3.Hｅusesｔhefirｓtpersonprｏnoun“Ｉ”tostressindiｖｉduaｌism,ａｎｄorallanguagｅtoaｃquiｒesympａthyｆｒoｍthｅcｏmmonreader。ﻫ

ﻫChapｔertwo:ThｅrｅａｌｉｓｔicｐerｉoｄﻫI。ThecｈarａcteraｎａlysisandsociａlmeaninｇoｆHucｋFinｎinAdventｕreofHucklｅberｒyFinnbyＭarkＴwain

HuｃｋisａtypｉcalAｍerｉcａnboywith“asouｎdheａrtａｎdadeformｅdcoｎsciencｅ”.Heappｅarstｏbｅvｕｌgarinlanguaｇeａndinmaｎner，butheishonesｔanddeceｎtinｅssｅnce。Hiｓｒemarkableraft’sjourneｙｄownontheＭiｓｓissｉpｐiriveｒcanbeｒeｇardedａshisｐroｃeｓsofｅducａｔｉonandｈiswayｔoｇrowｕp。Ａtfｉrst，ｈｅstａｎdsbyslａｖｅry,fｏrheclingstotｈｅidｅatｈatifhelｅtsｇotheslave，hewillbｅdamnedtogotｏhell．Andwhenｔhe“Ｋing”sellsＪiｍformonｅy，ＨuｃkdeｃideｓｔoiｎｆｏｒｍJiｍ’ｓmaｓｔｅr．AｆteｒhｅthinkｓｏfthｅpasｔｇｏoｄｔimewｈｅｎJｉmａndheareontherafｔwhｅreJimshｏwｓgｒｅatcareanｄdeepａfｆecｔｉonfｏｒhim,ｈedecidetorｅscｕeＪim。ＡndＨuｃkstiｌｌthinksheｉｓwrongwhｉｌeheiｓdoｉngtherightthing．

Huckisthesonofnatｕreandaｓymｂoｌｆorｆreeｄomandeaｒｔhlyｐraｇmatｉsm。ThｒougｈtheeｙeofHuｃk,tｈeinｎocｅntａｎdｒeluctaｎｔrebeｌ，weｓeethｅpre-CivilＷarＡｍericanｓoｃietyfullyexｐosed.Ｔwaｉncｏｎｔｒaststｈelifeontheriverandtheｌifｅｏnthebankｓ，theinnocｅncｅandtheeｘperience,thｅnatuｒeanｄtheｃulture,tｈewildｅrｎessaｎdtｈecivilizatioｎ。ﻫ

ﻫII。DaisｙMillerｂｙHｅnｒyJａmeｓﻫ１。Theme：ThenｏvelisａstｏryaboｕｔAmerｉcaninnocencedefeatｅdｂytｈestiff，tｒadｉtｉonalvaluesofＥurope.JamescoｎdemnsｔheＡmeriｃａnfaｉlｕｒetoaｄoptexｐreｓsｉvemａnnｅrsintellｉgentlｙaｎｄpoｉｎtoｕtthefaｌsebeliｅvingtｈatagoｏｄheartisreadiｌｙｖiｓibleｔoalｌ.ＴｈeｄeathｏfDaisyrｅsｕlｔsfromｔhemisundeｒsｔａndingbｅtwｅenｐeｏｐｌｅwｉｔhｄifferentculturaｌbackgｒｏunｄs。

2。ThecｈaractｅｒanａｌysisｏfDaisy:ＳｈｅrepresentｓtypｉｃａｌAmeriｃangｉrl,wｈoiｓｕninformｅdandｗiｔhoutthemaｔuｒeguidａｎce．Ｉgnoranceandparenｔalｉnｄuｌgenceｃoｍbinetｏｆｏsterheasseｒtivｅself－conｆｉdenceandfｉercewillfulneｓs.ＳｈebeｈavesintｈesａｍeｄarinｇnaiveｗaｙinEuropeasshedoeｓaｔhome。Ｗhensoｍｅonｅisａgainstｈｅr,shebecomｅsmorecｏｎｔrary．Shｅkｎowstｈａtshemｅａｎｓｎohａrｍandiｓamazedｔhatanｙｏnｅｓhｏuldthinksｈedoes.ＳｈedｏesnoｔcｏｍproｍisｅtotheEuropｅａnmａnｎeｒs。ﻫ3。ThecｈａrａcterａnalyｓｉｓofWinterboｕrｎe：HeiｓａEuｒopeaｎizｅdＡｍeriｃaｎ，whohasｌivetｏolongiｎforeignparts．ＨeisveryexperienceandhaｓaproblｅmuｎｄerstandingDaiｓy。Hｅendｅaｖｏrｓtoputherinsｏrtoｆｆorｍula,i．e.ｔoclａssiｆyheｒ.

III.ＳisterCａrｒiebyTｈeoｄｏreDｒｅｉseｒ：ﻫ1。Theｍｅ：TｈeauthorinｖentedｔｈｅsuccesｓofＣarriｅandthｅdｏwｎfａｌlofＨuｒstwoodouｔoｆａnineｖiｔableanｄnatuｒalｊuｄgment,beｃauseｔhefittｅsｔcansｕｒviveinacompeｔitive,ａmoｒalsoｃietｙaccordingtｏtheｓociaｌDarwｉnism。

2.ThecharａcterａnａlｙsisｏfCaｒrie：SheｆoｌｌoｗｓｔheｒｉｇｈtdiｒecｔiontoapursuiｔoｆthｅAmｅricａnｄream，ａnｄtheｃircｕmstanceｓａnｄherｄesireforabetterliｆediｒeｃttｏtｈｅsucceｓsfulgoal．Butsｈｅisｎotｃoｎtenｔed,bｅcauｓewithwealthａｎｄfame，shestillfindｓheｒｓeｌflｏnely.Ｓheisａｐrodｕctｏftheｓociety,ａrｅaｌｉzaｔioｎｏftｈeｔhｅoryofthｅｓurvivａlofthefitteｓt．ﻫ3。ＴheｃhaｒａcteｒanaｌysisoｆHｕrsｔwood:Ｈｅiｓaneｇatiｖeeｖiｄeｎcｅofｔhetheｏryｏｆthesuｒｖivalｏfthｅfitｔest。Becaｕｓehｅissｔillconventioｎalanｄｃａnnotｔｈｒowａwaythesoｃiａｌmorａls，hｅiｓnｏｔfitteｄｔｏｌiveinNｅwＹorｋ.

ﻫ

Chapterthree：TheＭｏdernPeriｏｄﻫＩ．EzｒaPounｄandhｉｓtheｏｒyoｆImａgismﻫ１。Theprinｃｉｐｌeｓ：ａ.directtrｅaｔmentofthethｉnｇ;b．ｔｏuseabsoluｔelynｏwoｒdtｈａtdoesｎｏｔｃoｎｔributeｔothepｒｅｓｅntation；c.ｔｏｃoｍposeｉnｔｈeｓｅquenceofthｅmｕsical;d.touseｔhelanguageofcommｏnsｐeeｃｈandｔheexaｃtword;e。toｃrｅatenｅｗrhythｍｓ；ｆ．ａbｓｏlｕtｅlyfreｅdｏmintｈｅchoiceｏｆsuｂject。ﻫ２。Iｍａｇｉsmｉｓtoprｅsenｔanｉntellectuaｌanｄemotｉonaｌcomplexinaninstaｎtoftiｍe.Ａnimａｇistiｃpoemｍｕstpｒesenttheoｂｊｅｃtｅxactlythewaytｈｅthingisｓｅeｎ.Andｔhereａｄercanformthｅｉmaｇｅｏfｔheｏbｊeｃｔthｒｏughtｈｅｐrocessｏｆreadiｎgtｈeａbstractａndconcretｅwords。ﻫＩI．Frｏstaｎｄｈiｓpｏｅｔｒｙoｎnaturｅ：

Frostｉsdeｅｐlｙｉntｅｒesｔedinnatｕrｅaｎｄiｎmen’srelaｔionshiｐｔonａtuｒｅ。Natureappeaｒsasanexｐｌｉｃａtoraｎdaｍｅdiatｏrfoｒmananｄsｅrｖeａsｔhｅcｅnｔeｒofｒefereｎceｏfhisｂehａvｉor。PeａｃeandｏrｄerｃanbeｆoｕｎdiｎＦｒoｓｔ'spoeｔicalnaturalwｏrld．Witｈsurｆacｅｓimｐliciｔyoｆhispoems，ｔhethematiccｏｎcｅrnsareａlwayspｒｅsentediｎｒｉchsymｂｏlｓ.Tｈereforehiｓwｏrkresistｓeasyｉnteｒpretation。ﻫIII.Ｆ。SｃotｔＦitｚgeralｄandhｉsＴheGreａtGatsbyﻫ1．Ｔhemｅ:ＧａtsbyisAｍeｒicanEverｙman.Hiｓexｔraoｒdinaｒyeｎergｙandweaｌtｈmａkehimpursｕｅthedream。HiｓdeathｉntheenｄpoｉｎtsatthetruthaｂouttｈeｗiｔhｅｒingoftheAmｅricanDrｅam。ThespｉrituａlandｍorａlsterｉｌｉtyｔhatｈasreｓｕｌｔedfroｍthewitheredＡmerｉcａｎDreamｉsfullyrevealediｎthearticle.However，altｈouｇhheisdeｆeaｔed，tｈeｄrｅamhａsｇaｖeGatsbｙadigniｔyaｎdasetofｑｕalｉtiｅs．HishｏpeaｎdbelieｆｉｎtheproｍisｅoffuｔurｅmakｅshｉmtheｅmbodimentofthevaluｅsｏftheincoｒruptibleAmeｒicanDｒｅam．

2。ThechａracteranａｌｙｓisofGatsby：Gａtsbyｉsgrｅａt,becaｕｓeｈeisdiｇnifiｅdandennobledｂyhisdrｅａｍandhｉsmｙｔhｉｃｖｉsionofliｆe．Hｅhａstheｄｅsirｅtｏreｐeaｔthｅpast,thｅｄesｉrefｏrmoney,anｄthedesireｆoｒｉｎcarnationofuｎuｔｔeraｂｌevisioｎoｎthｉsmaｔeｒialearth．ForGａtsbｙ,Ｄaisｙｉsｔhesoulofｈisdrｅａmｓ．HebeliｅveheｃaｎｒｅgaｉnＤaisｙandromａnｔicａllyrebｅlsｏftｉme.Ａlｔhouｇhhehａsthewealththaｔcanmatcｈwithｔheleisｕｒeｄclass,hedｏeｓｎothａvetｈeirｍａnnｅrｓ。Hｉstragedylieｓinｈispossｅssｉonofanａivesenseandｃhivalry.ﻫﻫIV。ＥrnestHｅmingｗay’sartistｉcfeatuｒes:ﻫ1。TheHemingｗayｃodｅheｒoesandgraｃｅunderpressｕrｅ:

Ｔｈeyhａveseenthｅcｏldworｌd，ａndforｏnecauｓe，tｈeｙboldlｙａｎｄcoｕｒaｇeｏuslｙｆａceｔhｅreaｌｉtｙ。Theyhaｓanｉndesｔruｃｔibleｓpirｉｔforhisoｐｔｉmistｉcｖiewｏflife.Wｈａtｅvｅristhｅｒesｕltiｓ，theａrerｅadytolｉvewｉthgraｃeunderpreｓsure．Ｎoｍatｔeｒｈowｔrａgicｔheendiｎｇｉs,ｔｈeｙwiｌlneverbedefeatｅd。Ｆinａlly,thｅｙwｉlｌbepｒevailbeｃauseｏｆｔｈeｉrindestruｃtｉblｅspiｒiｔａｎdcoｕrａge.

2。Ｔheicebeｒｇｔｅchniqｕe:

Ｈｅmｉnｇｗaｙbeliｅvethaｔaｇoｏdｗｒiteｒｄoesnotneedtoｒeveａｌeverｙdetaiｌofacharａcｔｅｒoｒaｃtion。Theｏne－eightｈtheispreｓeｎtedwiｌlsuｇgｅｓｔallothermeaniｎｇｆulｄimensiｏnｓｏfthestorｙ.Thｕｓ，Hemingway'ｓlangｕageiｓsymbolicaｎdsuｇｇｅｓｔivｅ.Ｖ．TｈecharacteranaｌysisofEｍｉlyinARｏsｅfoｒEmily：

Ｅmiｌyｉsａｓymbolofoldvａlues，ｓｔａndｉngfoｒtｒaditｉoｎ，dｕtyanｄｐaｓtglｏry。Butｓｈeisａlｓoavictｉmtoａllｔhosｅｓhecaｒｅｓａndeｍｂrace．TheｓourceofEmily’sstranｇeneｓｓisfｒomheｒｂornprideaｎｄself-estｅeｍ,ｔhedｏmｉneeringbeｈavｉorｏfhｅｒｆatherａndｔhebetｒayalofherlover．Ｂａrｒｉcadｅdinherhousｅ，sｈehasfrozｅnｔhepaｓtｔoproｔectherｄrｅamｓ.Heｒlifeiｓtraｇicｂecausｅtｈedefianceofthecommunity，heｒrefusａｌtoacceｐtthechangeaｎdherｅxtremｅpｒidｅｈａvepushedhertoａbnｏｒmalityandinsａｎity。

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注册日期:20０6—02—06＃22006—02—161４：04ＥngｌishLiｔｅｒａｔureCｈapｔerOneTｈeRenaisｓaｎｃｅＰeriod

ﻫI.Shakespｅａｒe’ｓsoｎnetｓ

ﻫ1．Ｗithafｅwｅxceｐtions，ShakｅspｅａrｅwritesｈiｓsoｎｎｅｔｓintｈeｐopｕlarEnglishfoｒmｏfthｒｅeｑuatｒaiｎsaｎdacoｕplet。Tｈecoｕpｌｅｔｕsuallｙtiesthesonnettoｏneoftｈeｇeneraｌthemes，lｅavinｇthequatrainsfｒｅeｔodevelopthepoetiｃｉnteｎsｉty。

2.Thesonnｅt'smostcｏmmontheｍesｃonｃerntheｄeｓtrucｔiveｅffectsoftｉme,theｑｕiｃkｎessｏfpｈysｉcaldｅcaｙ,aｎｄｔhelossoｆbｅａutｙ,vigｏr，ａnｄlove。Althoｕghtｈepoeｍsｃｅlebraｔelife,theyareaｌwａyｓwithakｅｅnａｗaｒenessoｆdeath.ﻫﻫﻫﻫ3．Ｈｉssｏnｎet１8ｅxpreｓsesthatbeａutｉfultｈｉngscａｎｒeｌyonthefoｒceoflｉteraturｅtoreacheterｎity.Liteｒatureiｓcｒeatedbｙmａn，ｔhuｓitdeclaresman’seｔernitｙ.Thepoeｍshowsthemiｇhｔｙｓeｌｆ－coｎfiｄenceoｆtheneｗｌｙcｌaｓs。Tｈevivid，ｖariableａnｄriｃhｉmageｓreflectthｅliｖelyandａdｖentuｒｏｕsｓpiｒｉtsofｔhosewhowereoｐｅnｉngnｅｗwｏrld。ﻫﻫ

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II。Sｈakｅsｐearｅ’ｓAMeｒchanｔofＶenicｅﻫ

ﻫ

1.Themeﻫ

ﻫ（１)Juｓtｉcevs。merｃｙ：Ｓhakespeａresuggeｓｔsthatalｌmenｓhoｕldbｅｍｅrciｆul.Ｔｈeｒeiｓafuｒtheraｓｐｅctｏfjuｓｔice—theinｊｕｓticｅrevealｅdinthｅＣｈrisｔｉａnｓ’treａtmentｏfｔｈeJeｗs．ﻫﻫ

(2)Appearaｎceｖs。ｒeality:e.g。ｓupeｒficiaｌoreｘｔerｎａｌbeautyvs。moraｌorsｐiｒituａｌｂｅautｙｏrtruｔh(ｉnthecaseofthrｅecasｋets)；ｔheleｔtersofｌawｖｓ。ｔhesｐｉritｏftｈelaw.

ﻫ(3）Comｍerciａｌorｍａtｅｒialｖａluesvs。love：Tｒｕeｌoｖeismuchmoｒｅwoｒｔhwｈilｅthａnｍｏｎeyaｎdｍａｔeｒialvaｌuｅs.ＡntoｎｉｏepitomizestruｅloｖeiｎｈisｆrieｎｄshiｐｆoｒBassａniｏ.

ﻫ

2.TｈeｃharａcteranａｌysisofSｈyｌｏckﻫﻫ

ﻫSｈylｏckｉsaJewｉｓｈuｓurer，andhｅisatragｉc—cｏmicchａracteｒ.ﻫﻫ

ﻫHeｉscomicbeｃauseheｆｉnaｌlybｅcomeｓtheonepunｉshｅdｂｙhｉsowneｖildeｅｄ.Ｈｅｉｓａvaricｉous．Heaccumuｌａｔesａｓmｕchweaｌtｈaｓhecanandhｅeveneｑuatesｈislostｄaｕghterｗｉthｈiｓｌostmｏney．Ｈeiｓalsocruel。Inｏrderｔorevenge，hｅwｏuｌdrａthercｌaiｍａｐoｕndofflｅshfromhisenｅmｙAntｏnｉothaｎgｅtbackhiｓloan.

ﻫ

ﻫＨeiｓtrａｇic，ｂecauseheistｈｅvｉｃｔimofｔhesoｃｉety.AsａJew，ｈeiｓnottｒｅatedｅqualｌyｂythｅsociｅty.Thｅｌawisharｓｈtoｈiｍ．Ｈｅhastoｍakeasmuchmonｅyａshｅcaｎiｎoｒdertoｐrotｅｃthim。HｅisabusedbyAｎtｏnio，soｈewantｓtoｇeｔrevenge。

ﻫ

ﻫIIＩ。ThecｈaraｃtｅraｎａｌｙsiｓofHamｌetﻫﻫ

Haｍlｅtｉsascholaｒandawaｒrior.Ｈｉsfaｔｈerhａsbｅeｎkｉllｅdbyhisｕncle,Claudius，whoｔｈeｎｔakethｅthrｏneandmaｒrｉeｓhismotheｒ．Hamlｅtisｉnｆoｒmｅｄbythｅｇｈｏｓｔofhisfａｔhertoｔakerevenｇe，buttｈeweaｋnessoｆindeｃisｉｖｅnessorinｄeteｒminatioｎｉnhｉsｃｈａｒａcteralwayｓdｅlayｈｉｓaｃtion,anｄfinallyleadｓtｏhistragicｆaｌlofｄeath。Ｈamｌｅtisnotａmaｎofactｉon，buｔaｍanｏｆthｉｎkｉｎgatfｉｒsｔ.Heｈeｓitatesaｔｓｏｍecruｃialmomentｓ.Atlastwhｅnheisｆｏｒｃeｄｔotakｅsomeａctions,hedｏｅskillCｌaudiusｇloｒiｏusly，bｕtheａｌsｏsacｒifｉｃeshisownｌife。

ﻫ

ﻫﻫ

IV.Donneanｄｈｉs“TheSｕnRising”ﻫﻫ

ﻫ1.Ｍetａphysicalpoeｔ:Hewroteｐoemsbyuｓingunｃonｖeｎtionalandsｕrprｉsiｎgconceｉtsandfｕｌloｆwitaｎdhｕmｏr,buｔsｏｍeｔｉｍeｓtｈｅloｇiｃａｒguｍentandcoｎｃeitｓｂecｏmeｐervaｓive。Ｔhelanguagｅｉscoｌloquiａlbutpowerfｕｌ,crｅatingunoｒtｈodｏｘimaｇｅｓonthｅreａｄeｒ'smｉnd.

ﻫ2.Hｉs“TheSｕｎRisinｇ”:Ｉntｈｉsｐoem,thelｏvｅ'sｗeddiｎgｒoomhasbｅenintruｄｅdｂysunaｎｄthemantakｅｓoffｅncｅａttｈeiｎtrｕsion.Heatｔaｃkthｅsunasanｕｎrulyｓervant，ａnｄfinａllｙｈｅaｌlowｔhesｕｎtｏｅnterthｅｉrcｈambeｒanｄwarmtｈem.Tｈｅpoem’ｓtruｅsubjｅｃtｉｓtｈelady—ｈistrueemoｔionallove。Ｅvｅryinｓulttothesｕniｓacｏmplｉmenｔｔoｔhelady.

ﻫ

ﻫ［font=TimｅsNｅwＲoｍａn］Ｖ。Mｉｌtｏｎ'sPaｒadiｓeＬｏst:

ﻫ

ﻫ1.Ｓtrｕｃｔｕｒe:TｈestoｒｙｉsｔakenfrｏmｔheOｌdTestament。ItexｔendｓchrｏnoloｇicalｌyfromｔheｅxaｌtatｉoｎofChristbｅｆｏrethｅcrｅａtｕreofｕnivｅrsetｏｔｈｅsecoｎdｃomｉngofＣhriｓt.Geogrａpｈiｃaｌly,ｉtrangesoｖertｈeentireworld．ﻫﻫﻫﻫ2.ThｅcharaｃｔeｒanaｌysisｏfSａｔan:ﻫ

ﻫ

Ｈehａsthｅstrength，thｅcourａgeaｎdtheｃapacitｙfｏrlｅadersｈip,butheｄevotedallthosequalitiｅｓtoeｖil.HｉsｄeｆiancｅoｆGoｄshowshisegoistｉcprｉde,hisfalseｃonceptionofｆreｅdom,aｎdｈisalienaｔiｏｎｆromallgood．Hiｓowneviｌａnddamｎatｉongｉvehimpｏtenｔiaｌlytrａｇicｄimensions。Tｈｅrｅfore,SataｎiseｎveloｐｅdinｄrａｍatiｃirｏnｙbecausehefightｉnｉgnoranceofｔheuｎｓhaｋabｌepowerｏfGodａndｇoodneｓs.

ﻫﻫ3．Fｅaturｅｓ：Paｒalleｌandconｔrastﻫ

ﻫ

Thecｅntralｃonｆlictandcontrasｔbetweengoodandｅvｉｌareｉntｅｎsifiedｂytheconｔraｓtbeｔweｅnｈeavenandhelｌ，liｇhｔanddarknｅss,ｌoｖeanｄhaｔe，reasonandpasｓion，etｃ．ﻫﻫ

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来自：ﻫ注册日期：２００６—02－06＃3200６－02—1６1４:04Engｌish

LｉｔeratureChapterOnｅ

ThｅRｅｎaｉｓsaｎcｅPｅrｉodI。Shakespeare’ｓsoｎｎets1。Withafewexｃeｐtｉoｎｓ，ShakesｐearewｒiteshiｓsoｎnetsｉnthｅpoｐularEnglishfoｒmoｆtｈreｅquatraｉnsａndａｃｏupleｔ.Thecoupｌeｔusｕallytｉesｔhesｏnneｔtooneｏｆtｈｅｇｅneralthemes，ｌeaｖinｇｔheqｕaｔraiｎsfrｅetodevｅｌoptｈepｏeｔicｉntensiｔy．2．Ｔhesonｎet'ｓmostｃomｍｏnｔhemｅscoｎcerｎｔhedestructivｅeffｅｃtsｏｆｔime，thequｉcknessofphyｓicaldeｃａy,andｔｈelｏsｓofbeａｕty,vigor，ａnｄlove。Altｈoughtheｐoｅｍｓcelebrateliｆe,tｈeyａrｅalwayswithａkeｅｎawaｒenｅssofｄeaｔｈ.３.Hisｓｏｎｎｅt１8expreｓseｓｔｈａtbｅautifｕltｈinｇscanrｅlyｏnｔhｅforceofliｔerａｔｕｒｅtorｅａchetｅrｎity．Liteｒaturｅiｓcｒeatedbyｍａｎ，ｔhusｉtdｅclａrｅsman’sｅtｅｒnity．Tｈepｏemｓhｏｗsthemiｇhtyｓeｌf－conｆiｄenceoftｈenｅwlyclasｓ。Tｈevivid，vaｒiａbｌeaｎdｒｉcｈｉmageｓrｅｆlｅｃｔtｈelｉvelyandａｄventｕrｏusspｉritsoｆｔhoｓewｈowｅｒeopeninｇｎeｗworld.II．Shakesｐeａre’sＡMeｒchaｎtofVeｎｉce1．Thｅｍｅ

（１）Juｓｔicｅｖs.merｃy：

Ｓhaｋespearesuggeｓtsthatａｌlmｅnｓhouldbｅmeｒcifｕl。Thｅreisａfurtherasｐeｃｔoｆjustiｃe-ｔheｉｎｊｕstｉcereveａleｄinｔｈeＣhｒｉｓtians’ｔｒeatmentofｔｈｅJews．（2)Appearancevs。rｅａｌｉty：

e.g．sｕｐeｒficｉaloｒｅxteｒnalbeａutyvs.morａlｏrspirｉtuaｌbｅａuｔyortruth（iｎtheｃaseoｆthrｅecaskeｔs);thｅlｅtteｒsoflawｖs.ｔheｓｐｉrｉtoｆthelａw．(３）Ｃoｍmｅｒcｉalormaterialvalｕeｓｖs．lｏvｅ：Ｔrｕeｌoｖeisｍucｈmoｒeworｔhｗｈileｔｈaｎmoneyaｎｄmaterｉａｌvalues．ＡnｔoniｏeｐitomizestruｅlovｅinhiｓｆriendshipforBａsｓaｎｉo。2。ThecharaｃｔeranalysiｓofSｈyloｃｋ

ShｙｌoｃkisaJｅwiｓhusureｒ,ａndhｅisatｒagic—comiccharａｃter。Heiscｏmｉcｂｅcaｕsehefiｎａlｌybｅcoｍestheoｎepuniｓｈｅdbyhisowｎｅvｉldｅeｄ.Hｅisavarｉcious.Hｅaｃcumｕlａtｅｓａｓmuchwealｔhａshecananｄhｅeveｎeｑuａｔeshisｌostdaughtｅｒwithｈiｓlostmｏｎey.Heｉsaｌｓoｃrueｌ.Inoｒdertｏrevengｅ,hｅｗoulｄratherｃｌaimａpoundoｆfleshfromhiｓenｅｍｙＡntｏniothanｇetbackｈisｌoan．Ｈeistragic，ｂeｃausｅｈｅistheviｃｔiｍoftｈesｏciety。AsａＪew，hｅisnｏttreaｔedeｑuallyｂyｔhesociety．Thelawisｈａrshtｏhim。Hehａｓtoｍakeasmｕｃｈmoneyasｈｅcaｎinordertｏprotecthｉm．HeisａｂusedbyAntonio,sohｅｗantsｔogeｔreveｎｇe.IＩI．ThecharaｃteranaｌysiｓofHamletHaｍletisａｓchｏｌarａndaｗarrｉor。Hisｆatｈerhａsbｅeｎkilｌedbyhisｕncle,Claudｉus，whｏthｅｎtaｋetｈethrｏnｅandmａｒrｉｅshisｍother.Hａmleｔｉsiｎformedbyｔｈegｈostｏｆhiｓfathｅrｔｏｔaｋerevenｇe，butthｅweaknessoｆindｅcisiveneｓsoｒindeｔeｒmｉｎatiｏｎiｎhｉscharactｅralwaｙsｄelayhiｓaｃtiｏn,aｎdｆｉnalｌylｅａdｓtohistragicｆalｌoｆdｅath。Hamletｉsnoｔａmanofaｃtion,bｕtamanｏfｔhinkingａｔfｉrsｔ．Ｈｅhｅsｉｔaｔeｓaｔｓomecrucｉalmｏmentｓ．Ａtlastwhenheiｓforcedtotakｅsomeａctioｎｓ，hedoｅskilｌＣｌａudiuｓgloｒiouｓly，bｕｔｈｅaｌsｏsacｒifiｃesｈisownlife.IV.Donnｅaｎdhiｓ“TheＳunRｉsing”１。Ｍeｔaphyｓｉｃａlpｏeｔ：Hｅwrotｅpoｅｍsｂyuｓingunｃonveｎｔiｏnaｌanｄsuｒprｉｓingconｃｅｉｔsandfulｌofｗitandｈumoｒ,butsometｉmestheｌoｇｉcargumentandｃｏnceｉtsbecｏmepervａｓive．Ｔhｅlaｎguageiｓcolｌoquialｂutpoweｒｆuｌ，ｃreatingｕnorｔhoｄoxiｍagesoｎthereader’smiｎd.2.His“ThｅSunRisiｎg”：Ｉｎtｈispｏem，thｅlovｅ'sweddingrｏｏmｈasｂeenintruｄedbysunandthｅmaｎｔakesoffｅnceaｔｔｈeintｒusion。Ｈｅaｔtackthesｕnａsaｎｕnrulｙｓerｖａnt，aｎdfinallyｈｅａlｌｏwthｅsuntoｅnｔeｒtheiｒｃhambeｒaｎdｗaｒｍtｈeｍ.Tｈepｏem'ｓｔruesｕbjecｔisthelａdy-hiｓtrueeｍｏtionａlｌoｖe.Ｅverｙinｓulttｏthesunｉsacompｌimenttoｔhｅlａdｙ.V.Miｌtoｎ'sPａｒaｄisｅLoｓt：１.Sｔructｕrｅ：ＴheｓtoryiｓｔakｅnｆrｏｍtheＯldＴestamｅnt。ItｅxtenｄｓｃhronoｌoｇｉcａllyｆromｔｈeexalｔａtionｏfChｒistｂｅforetｈecreaｔuｒeoｆｕniveｒsｅtoｔhｅsｅcｏｎdcomｉｎgofCｈrist.Gｅoｇraphiｃallｙ,itrangesoveｒｔheenｔireｗoｒｌｄ．2．ThechaｒactｅｒanａlｙsisofSatan：Hehasthestrｅngth，ｔhecourageaｎdtｈeｃapacｉｔyforｌeadｅrshｉp，buthedｅｖｏtedallthｏｓequalitiesｔoｅvｉl。HisdefianceofGodshowsｈiｓｅgｏisticpｒｉde,hisfalsｅcoｎcｅpｔioｎoffreedom，andhiｓalienａtionｆromallｇood。Hisowneｖｉｌaｎddamnaｔioｎgivｅｈimpotentiａllytragｉcdｉmｅnsions。Thｅrefoｒｅ，ＳataｎiseｎveｌopｅdindramaｔicironybｅcausｅhefightinignoranceofｔｈeuｎｓｈakablepoｗerｏfGodandgoｏｄneｓs.３。Fｅａtuｒes：ＰａraｌlｅlanｄｃontrastThｅcentｒａlｃonflｉcｔａndconｔrａstbetweengｏｏdaｎdevilaｒｅiｎtensiｆieｄbythｅcｏnｔrasｔbetweenｈeaveｎaｎdｈｅlｌ，ligｈtａｎｄｄaｒkｎess，lovｅanｄhaｔe，ｒｅasｏnａndpasｓｉｏn，eｔc．

自烤成柴

enｇBｕs清洁工

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注册日期：200６-02－06＃４2006-02—１614:04ChaｐteｒTｗo

TheNｅo-clａｓｓicalPeriｏdI。Thｅaｌlegｏricaｌmeａningoｆ“TheVａnｉｔyFａir”inJoｈnBuｎｙａn'sThePilgrim’sPrｏgreｓsTheＶanitｙFairreferｓｔothｅrealworldwhｅrｅpｅｏplｅhａvｅbｅcｏmｅsodｅgenerateｄthataｌlｔhｅyａrｅconcｅｒnedistoｂｕｙandｓelｌeveryｔhinｇｔhｅycan.Italｌｅgorｉcalｌｙrepresenｔｓvaniｔybothiｎthesocieｔｙanｄｉnpｅoｐle’shearｔ，sｏpeoplearespiｒituallylost.However，ｔｈeｐiｌｇrimsrefｕsｅｔobuyａnyofｔhethinｇsinｔheVanｉtyFair.ItspuｒposeistourgeｐｅoｐlｅｔoabidebyChriｓtｉａndｏｃtrinｅsａndｓeeksalvationtｈroughconstaｎｔstrugｇｌeｗiｔhｔｈeirowｎｗｅakｎｅssａｎdｓociaｌｅｖiｌs．Christiａns’ｒefusalshｏwｓtｈattheｙareｏnｅstepｎｅareｒtheCelestiａｌCity。II．Pｏpe’ｓpoｉntｏｆviｅｗonpoetryｃriticismandthecharａcteｒｉｓticsofhisoｗｎpoetｒy1．Ｐope’spointoｆvieｗonpoetｒｙcriｔｉciｓmｉsｂestsｈowniｎｈisAnEssayｓonＣrｉticｉｓm．Heeｍｐｈasｉzｉngtｈatliterａryｗorkｓｓｈouldbejudgedbycｌassｉcalrｕlesofordeｒ，rｅａsｏn，ｌogic,ｒeｓtraｉnedemｏtiｏnａndgｏodtaｓte。HecalｌｓonpｅopｌｅtoｔｕrｎｔotheｏｌdGrｅekandRomanｗrｉtersｆorguｉｄaｎcｅ。Ｈeadviseｓｔhｅcritiｃsnottostrｅssｔoｏｍucｈｔｈearｔifｉｃialusｅoｆconceiｔortheexternａｌｂeauｔyｏflanｇuage，bｕttｏpａyspeciａｌatｔentiｏntotrueｗitwhiｃhisbeｓtsetｉnａｐｌａinｓｔｙｌe.２.Poｐe’sｐoｅｍstrictlyfｏlloｗshisiｄeaｏfneoclaｓsｉｃｉｓm。Hedeｖelｏpedasatiｒic,concise，smooth，gｒaｃeｆulandｗell－bａlancedｓtyle,aｎｄfｉnaｌｌybrｏughtｔoitslａｓtpeｒfeｃtionoｆthehｅｒｏiccｏuｐleｔ.ＩＩI。TｈesｏcialsatｉｒeｏfJonａthａnSwifｔ’ｓＧullivｅr’ｓTｒａvelｓTheaｃcoｕntoｆＬｉllipuｔianliｆe，ｅspｅcｉallythegamesｆorpｅoｐｌeaｔcoｕrt，ａllｕdestｏthesｉｍiｌarridiculoｕspracticesｏrtricｋsinｔheEnglｉshgｏvernment。ＴｈｅｄｅｓcriptionoftheｃｏｍｐeｔitiｏnｉnthｅgameｓｂeｆｏｒetｈerｏｙalmｅmｂersleaｄstothefａcttｈatthesｕｃcessofthoｓegｏveｒnmeｎtｏｆfｉcialｓsｕｃhaｓthePｒimｅMｉｎisterlｉｅsnotintｈeirbeiｎganywisｅrorｂeｔｔerｂｕtｉntheirｂeｉngmｏredｅｘteｒｏusｉnｔheｇame。ThｉsalludｅsｔotｈepracticesinEngland。ＡｎdtｈepoｍpoｕswｏrdssiｎgｉngofｔheLｉlliｐｕtｉａnempｅｒorridiｃulｅtheariｓｔocｒatｉcarroｇanｃｅandvanity。IV.ＨenryFieｌdiｎgandhisＴｏｍＪｏｎｅsItｉsagｏodｅxampleof“coｍicepicｉｎpｒose”．FielｄingdescribesｔhｅfightbeｔｗeｅnMoｌlｙandｔｈeｖillaｇeｒｓａndherfistｆｉgｈtwｉthGｏoｄyBｒｏｗｎｉntｈegranｄstylｅｏftheHomｅｒｉｃepic。ＨefiｒstｏfalｌcallsｏnｔheMusesｔoasｓiｓthiminrecountiｎgthｅfigｈtasiｆitｗereｏfgrｅaｔhisｔoricalｉmpoｒtancｅ。LiｋｅＨｏmerwhoｗoulｄlｉstnaｍｅsｏfgodsｉnvoｌveｄｉｎthebａｔtle,heｌiststｈenamｅsｏfthevilｌaｇers.HetｒｅatsMollyasagreatheroatbattlｅ，an“Amaｚonianherｏine”．Beｓiｄes，ｈeuｓesamoｃk－eｐictｏｎeaｎdseeｍsｖｅｒyｓolｅmnａboutwhatｈeｉsｄesｃrｉbｉng．Heusesfｏrｍalworｄsandrefinｅdlａnｇuagｅ．Finａlly,heｍaｋesｕseofdifｆerentfiguresｏfｓpｅecｈ,parｔicularly,iｒoｎyａnｄhypｅrｂole．V。ThoｍasGrａyandｈiｓ“EｌegyＷrｉttenｉnａCountyChurｃh”Ｉnthｅpoｅm，Ｇraｙｐreseｎtsapictureoftｈeqｕietandsｏｌitarｙｃountｙaｔdusｋthrｏuｇhｔhesouｎdｉnｇofthｅcurfew,thehome—comｉngplowman,tｈｅtinklｉngofbellｓundeｒtheneｃksoｆtｈecatｔle,theｍoｐiｎgowl，tｈｅnarrowｃelｌ(ｇｒave），etc..Heｂemoaｎｓｔhｅfateoftｈosecommoｎlaborerｓwｈoarenowburiedｉnｔhegｒａｖｅs,tｒiestｏiｍaginehｏwtheyhａｄliｖedasloｖiｎgparentｓａndhａrdworkingpｅｏpｌe,andpｒaｉｓethｅirｈｏmｅｌｙｊｏｙs．Hetheｎｅｘｐressｈiscontｅmｐtｆorthｏsｅnoｂｌemenｗｈｏonceliｖeｄapoｍpouslｉfe,ａnｄdesｐｉｓｅdtｈepｏｏr，buthaveendｅｄｕｐｉnａwayｎobettｅｒthanｔheoｒdinaryｆolk.WecａｎseeGrａy’ssympatｈyｆoｒthｅｐoｏrａndcoｎtｅｍptｆortherich.ChａｐterThree

TheRomaｎtｉcＰerｉodI．Wｏrｄsｗorthａnｄhｉs“Iwanderedｌonelyａsａcloud"Ｔhepoｅmiscrystalclｅaｒaｎdlucid.Beloｗｔheiｍｍediateｓuｒｆaｃe，wefｉnｄthａｔalｌthｅreａliｓtiｃdｅtａiｌsoftheflowers，tｈetｒeeｓ，theｗａｖes,ｔｈewind,andalｌthｅｒeaｌｉsticdetaｉｌｓofthｅactiveｊoy,areabｓoｒbeｄintｏaｎover－aｌｌcoｎｃretemｅtapｈｏｒ，tｈerｅcｕrrｅnｔimａｇeoｆtｈｅdance.Ｔheflowｅrs,ｔｈｅstars,ｔhewａvesareｕnitｓｉnthisdancingpatteｒnoｆorderindiverｓity，ｏｆlinkedｅterｎａlharmｏnｙaｎdvｉｔａliｔy。Thｒoｕｇhｔherevelationaｎdrecｏｇｎｉtionofhiskinsｈipwitｈｎatｕre,theｐoｅtｈimselfｂecｏmesasitｗereapartoｆthewholｅcosmｉcdａnｃe.ＩＩ。Shelｌeyaｎdｈis“ＯdeｔoｔheWesｔWiｎd”Iｎtheｐoeｍ，Shelｌｅｙeulｏgｉｚeｓthewestwindａsapoweｒfulpｈenｏmenonofnatureｔhatｉsbｏtｈdｅstroｙeraｎｄpreseｒvｅr.Ｔｈewinｄenjoyｓboｕnｄleｓｓfreedoｍaｎdｈasｔhepowerｔｏｓpreaｄmｅｓsaｇesｆaｒａndwidｅ。ＴhekeｙnoｔｅinthepｏｅｍｉsSｈeｌley’ｓever—presentwｉshｆorｈｉmsｅlfａndhisfｅllowｍenｔosｈａrethefrｅｅdｏmｏfthewestｗiｎd，reｍｅｍberingmeanwhilehisoｗnaｎdcommｏnｈumａnmｉseｒieｓ．Anｄtheｄomiｎantｍoｏdiｓthatoｆhｏperathertｈandeｓｐair，asthepoetｉshopｉngｆoｒｔheｒｅａlizaｔｉｏnoftheｆrｅｅｄomandｊoy．Thｅoptimismexｐrｅsｓedintｈelastｔwolineｓshowthepｏet'sｃriticalattitｕdetowarｄtheuglysocialrealｉtyaｎdhisfaｉthinabｒightfuturｅfoｒhumaｎiｔy．III．JohnKeatｓandhｉｓ“OdeoｎaGreｃｉanUrn”IntｈepoemＫeatssｈｏwsthｅcoｎtrastｂｅｔweenｔhｅpermanｅnｃeofartaｎdthetraｎsieｎｃeofhｕｍanpassｉｏn．ThepoｅｔhａｓａｂsｏrbeｄhｉmsｅlfｉntotｈｅtｉmelessｂｅauｔiｆuｌscenｅｒyontheGｒeciａnuｒn:thelｏｖｅrs，musicｉaｎsanｄworｓhｉpｐｅrｓcarvedontheｕｒn,ａndthｅirevｅｒlasｔiｎgｊoys．Tｈeyarｅｕｎaffectｅdbｙtime，stillｅdinｅxpｅｃtatｉon．Ｔｈisｉsthｅglorｙａｎdｔｈelimｉtａtｉｏnｏｆthewｏｒldconｊureduｐbyaｎdoｂｊecｔｏfart.Ｔheurｎceleｂratesｂutｓiｍplｉｆｉｅsiｎtｕitionsｏｆjoybydefｙingourpainａndsuffeｒing。Ｂuｔatlaｓｔ,theｕrnｐreｓentshisaｍｂivaleｎｃeaｂｏuｔtimｅandthenaｔureｏｆｂeａuty．IV．ＴhecharａcｔeranalysisofＥｌizaｂeｔｈiｎＪaneＡｕｓtｅn’sＰriｄｅａｎdPrejudiceＥlizａbethisaｂeautifulyoungladyiｎtｈeBennets.Ｓｈeisiｎtｅllｉｇent,cｏnｔrastinghｅreｍpty—miｎdeｄ,ｓｎｏbbishandvulgａrmothｅr。Sｈeｉsawｏmenｏfdistinctcharaｃｔｅr。Ｓhｅisnotpassivｅ，butpuｒsｕehｅrｔrueｌoveｂravely．ＳhｅturnsdownＭr。Ｃoｌｌin’ｓmarriagｅpropｏsalaｎdseekiｎgherｈａppiｎｅｓsｗithＤarｃy，theoｎesｈeｐｏssesｓesｔrueaffecｔionforheｒ。Shｅｉsａlsocｏｕrageous.ＷhenＤarcy'sａｕntlａｄycomｅstofoｒcｅｈeｒintoapromiｓeoｆｎevercoｎsentingｔoｍaｒryDarcy,ｓhebolｄlychalｌengeshｅrauthority，ｃoｎtempｔａndaｒrｏganｃe.Onｔhｅwhole,Eｌizabethiｓatypicaｌｉmagｅｏfｔhｅgｏod,atｔrａctivelａｄyintｈｅ１9tｈceｎtｕry。

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来自：ﻫ注册日期：2006—02—06#52006—０２—16１4：０4ChａpterTwｏ

ＴhｅNeo—ｃlassicａlPerioｄI。Ｔheallegｏｒicalmeaｎｉngof“TｈeVanitｙFａｉr"inＪohnBｕｎｙａn’sＴｈePilgrｉm’sProｇrｅssTheVaｎityFairrｅｆｅrsｔｏtｈeｒｅalwoｒlｄwherｅpｅｏｐlｅhavebeｃoｍｅsｏdegeneｒａｔedthaｔalｌｔｈeyareconcｅrnediｓtobuyａndseｌleverythｉngtｈｅyｃaｎ。Itallｅgoricallyreｐｒesｅnｔsｖaniｔyｂｏthinthｅsoｃietｙandinｐeople’sheart,sopeｏｐｌeareｓpirｉｔuaｌlylosｔ。Hｏweｖer，ｔheｐiｌgｒimｓreｆuseｔobuyａｎｙofｔhｅthｉngｓintheVaniｔyFaiｒ.ItｓpurｐｏｓeistourgepeopｌeｔoaｂideｂyCｈrｉsｔiaｎdoctrｉnesanｄｓeeksaｌvatiｏnｔhrｏughｃoｎｓtanｔstrugglewiththeirownweａkｎessａｎdsociaｌevｉｌs.Christiａns’refusaｌｓhowsthattheyareｏnｅsteｐnearerｔhｅCelｅstialCｉｔｙ.II．Poｐe’ｓpoｉｎtofviｅｗonｐoetryｃrｉｔｉcｉsmａndthｅｃharａcｔeristiｃｓｏfｈisownpｏｅtry１。Popｅ’sｐｏintofvｉewｏnpoetrycritiｃisｍisbestｓｈowniｎhiｓＡnEｓsaysonCｒiticism。Ｈeemｐｈasizｉｎｇtｈａｔlitｅrａryｗorkssｈｏuｌdbｅjｕdgedｂyclaｓsicａlrulｅｓofoｒｄer,reason，ｌｏｇｉc,reｓtraiｎｅdemoｔioｎandｇoodtaste．HeｃallsonpeopleｔoturntoｔｈeolｄGreeｋandＲomａnｗrｉtersfｏrgｕidance。Headvisesｔhecriticsnoｔｔostｒeｓｓｔｏomｕchtｈeａｒｔifiｃialuｓeｏｆconｃeｉｔortheexｔｅｒｎａｌbeautyｏflaｎguage,buttopayｓpecｉａlattentiｏｎtotrueｗｉｔwhｉchｉsbestｓetiｎａplaiｎsｔｙle.2.Pｏpe’ｓpoemｓtrictlyfｏllｏｗshｉsidｅａofｎeｏclassiｃism.Ｈedevelopedasatiric,coｎcｉｓｅ,sｍootｈ，gracefｕlandｗeｌl－balancｅｄstyle，anｄfｉｎallybroughttoitｓｌａstperfectionofthｅｈeｒoicｃouｐlｅt．III。ThｅsocialsａtiｒeｏfJoｎａthaｎSｗift’sGｕlliveｒ’sＴravelsTheａccounｔofLiｌliｐutiａnlｉfｅ，esｐｅciaｌlytｈｅgameｓｆoｒpeｏplｅatcoｕｒt，alludeｓtothｅsimilａrriｄicuｌouｓprａctｉｃesｏrtriｃkｓｉntｈeＥｎgｌiｓｈgoverｎment。Ｔhｅdesｃriptionofthｅcoｍpｅtｉｔionintｈegamesbefoｒeｔheroyalmｅ