离网型综合能源系统规划

#摘要由分布式电源、储能装置、能量转换装置与负荷等部分组成微电网因其分布式电源的灵活性以及较高的能量利用率而得到了广泛的应用。但传统的微电网结构单一，难以满足多类型、高质量的能量需求。包含了冷/热/电联供的综合能源系统，由于能同时满足用户对冷能、热能与电能的需求，且能源利用效率高，从而得到了越来越多的应用。为平抑可在生能源的波动，综合能源系统需配置一定容量的储能电池。但目前储能电池价格高昂，且使用寿命短，从而导致系统成本偏高。此外，由于综合能源系统中不同设备之间、不同能量之间耦合严重，导致综合能源系统的规划困难。基于此，本文通过搭建双层规划模型解决综合能源系统规划问题，并将近年来热门的电转气(Powertogas,P2G)技术运用到综合能源系统中，以提高系统的灵活性与经济性。本文首先分析了综合能源系统的常见结构。搭建了综合能源系统内部的供能设备和储能设备的数学模型，并对各种设备的运行方式进行了分析。基于能量枢纽(energyhub,EH)的概念，搭建了综合能源系统内部的能量流动模型。分析了不同类型能源之间、不同设备之间能量装换过程。其次，将核密度估计法和k-means聚类方法应用于可再生能源典型出力场景选取中。利用核密度估计法得出风、光在不同供能季节的概率密度分布。根据概率密度分布得到累计概率分布。对累计概率密度进行随机采样，得到多组风、光出力场景。采用k-means聚类法对生成的场景进行缩减，从而得到各供能季风、光典型出力场景。再次，建立了一种用于综合能源系统设备容量配置的双层规划模型。上层模型以系统总成本最低为目标对系统设备容量进行优化配置。下层模型以系统运行成本最低为目标对系统运行状态进行优化。经过上下两层的多次迭代，找到最优的设备容量配置组合。最后，基于具体算例中的负荷需求与设备参数，得到综合能源系统优化配置方案。在该优化配置方案下，对该地区过渡季典型日的系统运行方案进行了分析，从而验证了综合能源系统规划模型有效性。分析了电转气装置对综合能源系统优化配置的影响。并对不同供能模式下综合能源系统的经济成本进行了分析。关键词：综合能源系统；典型出力场景；核密度估计；k-means聚类；双层规划模型；电转气技术AbstractMicrogrid,whichconsistsofdistributedpowersupply,energystoragedevice,energyconversiondeviceandload,hasbeenwidelyusedbecauseofitsflexibilityofdistributedpowersupplyandhighenergyutilization.However,thetraditionalmicrogridhasasimplestructure,anditisdifficulttomeetvarioustypesofhigh-qualityenergyrequirements.Sincetheintegratedenergysystemincludingcombinedheating,cooling,andpowercansimultaneouslymeettheuser'sneedsfordifferenttypesofenergy,ithasbeenincreasinglyused.Inordertosmooththefluctuationofavailableenergy,theintegratedenergysystemneedstobeequippedwithacertaincapacityofenergystoragebatteries.However,currentlyenergystoragebatteriesareexpensiveandhaveashortservicelife,whichresultsinhighsystemcosts.Inaddition,duetotheseriouscouplingbetweendifferentequipmentanddifferentenergyintheintegratedenergysystem,theplanningoftheintegratedenergysystemisdifficult.Basedonthis,thisarticlesolvestheproblemofintegratedenergysystemplanningbybuildingatwo-levelplanningmodel,andappliesthepower-to-gastechnologytotheintegratedenergysystemtoimprovetheflexibilityandeconomyofthesystem.First,thecommonstructureofintegratedenergysystemisintroducedinthisarticle.Themathematicalmodelofenergysupplyequipmentandenergystorageequipmentintheintegratedenergysystemisestablished,andtheoperationmodesofvariousequipmentareanalyzed.Basedontheconceptofanenergyhub(EH),anenergyflowmodelwithinanintegratedenergysystemisbuilt.Theenergyexchangeprocessbetweendifferenttypesofenergyandbetweendifferentequipmentisanalyzed.Secondly,thekerneldensityestimationmethodandk-meansclusteringmethodareusedtoselecttypicaloutputscenariosofrenewableenergy.Thekerneldensityestimationmethodisusedtoobtaintheprobabilitydensitydistributionofwindandsunlightindifferentenergysupplyseasons.Acumulativeprobabilitydistributionisobtainedfromtheprobabilitydensitydistribution.Thecumulativeprobabilitydensityisrandomlysampled,andmultiplesetsofwindandlightoutputscenesareobtained.Thek-meansclusteringmethodisusedtoreducethegeneratedscenestoobtaintypicalwindandsunlightoutputscenesineachenergysupplyseason.Thirdly,Abi-levelplanningmodelforequipmentcapacityallocationofintegratedenergysystemsisestablished.Theuppermodelaimsatthelowesttotalsystemcostandplansthesystemequipmentcapacity.Thelowermodeloptimizesthesystemoperatingstatuswiththegoalofthelowestsystemoperatingcost.Aftermultipleiterationsoftheupperandlowerlayers,theoptimaldevicecapacityconfigurationcombinationwasfound.Finally,basedontheloaddemandandequipmentparametersinthespecificexample,anoptimalconfigurationschemefortheintegratedenergysystemisobtained.Underthisoptimizedconfigurationplan,thesystemoperationplanforthetypicaldayofthetransitionseasonintheregionisanalyzed,therebytheeffectivenessoftheintegratedenergysystemplanningmodelisverified.Theinfluenceofthepower-to-gasdeviceontheoptimalconfigurationoftheintegratedenergysystemisanalyzed.Theeconomiccostoftheintegratedenergysystemunderthemulti-energycomplementarymodelandthedistributedsupplymodelisanalyzed.Keywords:Integratedenergysystem;Typicaloutputscene;Kerneldensityestimation;k-meansClustering;Bi-levelplanningmodel;Powertogas;符号CgaCsaCopCwgClmLPlmKECKACr0PWTPwtrPPVPGTPECPACPGBPRBPP2GPBSPCS符号对照表符号名称供能设备成本储能设备成本运行维护成本环境污染成本缺负荷成本负荷向量耦合转换矩阵输入能源向量缺负荷值电制冷机能效比

吸收式制冷机能效比贴现率风机出力

风力发电机额定功率光伏出力微型燃气轮机出力电制冷机出力吸收式制冷机出力燃气锅炉出力余热锅炉出力电转气装置出力储电设备出力储冷设备出力PPGSPHSPGASPSTCLeLcLhv1