高二英语外研版选修八讲义MODULE4SECTIONⅠ

InternetEnglishTwentyyearsagotheBritishinventorTimBerners­Leecreatedtheworld'sfirstwebpage.ItisworthpausingtoconsidertheextraordinaryinfluencethathisinventionhashadontheEnglishlanguage.Everydaywordslikegoogle,unfriendandappsimplydidn'texistin1990.Evenmorewordshavehadunexpectedchangesinmeaninginthosetwodecades.IfyouhadmentionedtweetingtoanEnglish­speakerafewyearsago,hewouldhaveassumedyouweretalkingaboutbirdnoises,nottheuseofthemicrobloggingsiteTwitter.Longago,ifsomeonelivedonline,itdidn'tmeantheyspenteverywakingminuteontheInternet,butthattheytravelledaroundwiththerailnetwork.“TheInternetisanamazingmediumforlanguages，〞saidDavidCrystal,honoraryprofessoroflinguisticsattheUniversityofBangor.“LanguageitselfchangesslowlybuttheInternethasspeededuptheprocessofthosechangessoyounoticethemmorequickly.〞Englishisaremarkablyinclusivelanguage,andifwordscontinuetobeusedforatleastfiveyearstheygenerallyendupintheOxfordEnglishDictionary.,[阅读障碍词]app(applicationprogram)n．应用程序mediumn．媒介honoraryadj.荣誉的；名誉的remarkablyadv.特别地，显著地，引人注目地inclusiveadj.包涵广泛的Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．instantlyA．方言，地方话2．recognisableB．痕迹，踪迹3．dialectC．马上，立刻4．matterD．语调5．countE．伦敦东区土话6．traceF．独一无二的；独特的7．uniqueG．双语的，会讲两种语言的8．intonationH．争辩；辩论9．authorI．祖先，前辈10．ancestorJ．节奏；韵律11．linkK．联系12．rhythmL．作家，作者13．bilingualM．很重要；很有价值14．debateN．重要，要紧；有关系15．cockneyO．能识别的，能认出的答案：1～5COANM6～10BFDLI11～15KJGHEⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Idon'tknowwhichoneismine.Ican'ttellthemapart.区分开2．Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyoustayinthebackyard.只要3．Iwillmeethim,orratherIwillaskhimtomeetme.更准确地说4．Thefutureofourcountryliesineducation.在于5．Incasethereisafire,whatwillwedofirst？万一6．Shestressedthatpointinparticularintoday'smeeting.特殊，尤其7．Thepeacetalkbetweentwocountriesendedwithsigninganagreement.以……结束WehavelearntEnglishforalongtime.DoyouknowinwhichcountriespeoplespeakEnglish？Thefollowingpicturescanhelpyou.答案：①Britain②America③Canada④Australia⑤Jamaica⑥SingaporeⅠ.Fast­readingSkimthetextandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.①Paras.1～3A．EnglishspokeninAustralia②Paras.4～5B．Thougheverybody'suseofEnglishisdifferent,it'smunicationthatcounts.③Paras.6～7C．EnglishspokeninJamaicaand答案：①～③BACⅡ.Careful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Everyonecanspeakadifferentlanguage.B．Almosteveryonehasadifferentwayofspeaking.C．CockneyisspokenbypeoplefromthewestofLondon.D．It'simpossibletotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Handwriting. B．Pronunciation.C．Grammar. D．VarietiesofEnglish.3．It'sdifficultforustotellwhichEnglishiscorrectbecause________.A．EnglishhassuchalargevocabularyB．therearemanydifferentvarietiesofEnglishintheworldC．BritishEnglishgrammarandvocabularychangegreatlyD．thestandardformofEnglishisonlyusedbyprofessorsoflinguisticsandwriters答案：1～3BABⅢ.Study­readingAnalysethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．TheycamefromalloverBritain,butespeciallyfromNorthernIrelandandtheLondonarea,whichiswhytheAustralianaccenttodayhastracesofbothIrishandcockneyspeechpatterns.[句式分析][尝试翻译]他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦区，这就是现在澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰和伦敦口音的缘由。2．ThevarietyofEnglishspokeninJamaica,andotherCaribbeancountries,hassomeofthegrammaticalfeaturesoftheAfricanlanguagesspokenbytheancestorsoftheJamaicanpeople,sothatthereisoftennoapostrophes('s)...ornolinkverborarticle...[句式分析][尝试翻译]牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖先们使用的是非洲语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有全部格符号s_('s)……也没有系动词和冠词……[对应同学课下力量提升(十三)]阅读理解AIn1957,MaxVernonMathewswrotethefirstputerprogramcalledMusic,whichenabledaputertocreatesoundandplayitback.HewasthenworkingasanengineeratBellLaboratoriesinNewJersey.ItenabledalargeIBMputertoplayaseventeen­secondpieceofmusichehadTheputerwassoslowthatittookanhourtoplaytheseventeen­secondpieceofmusic.SoMathewsmovedtheworktoatapeplayertoplaythemusicatanormalspeed.Helatersaidthatthesoundqualityofthemusicalnoteswasnotgreat,butthetechnicalimportanceofthemusicwashuge.Thescience­fictionwriterArthurC.ClarkevisitedBellLaboratoriesinthe1960s.Heheardaputer“sing〞thesongDaisyBellondevices(设备)andlearnedabouttheprogramsdevelopedbyMathewsandotherengineers.Clarkenotedthistechnologyinhisbook2001:ASpaceOdyssey,whichwaslatermadeintoamovie.MathewscontinuedcreatingotherversionsoftheMusicprogram.Hebecameinterestedinhowputerscouldhelpmusiciansoutsiderecordingstudios.TheGrooveprogramhedevelopedwasthefirstputerprogrammadeforliveperformances.HealsodevelopedanelectronicdevicehecalledtheRadioBaton,whichlooksliketwodrumsticks.Itenablestheusertocontrolthespeedandsoundlevelsoforchestralmusic(管弦乐)playedonaputerbymovingthetwosticksonaspecialelectronicsurface.Mathewssaidhebelievedmodernmusicianswerenotmakingfulluseofthepowerofputermusic.Hesaidaviolinalwayssoundslikeaviolin.ButwithhisMusic,thewayaviolinsoundsisunlimited.Hedidnotwantputersoundstoreplacelivemusic,buthehopedputerswouldonedaybeconsideredseriousinstruments.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。MaxVernonMathews把音乐与计算机结合起来，制造了魅力无穷的计算机音乐。1．WhydidClarkevisitBellLaboratories?A．Tomakehisbookintoamovie.B．TohelpMathewsdevelopMusic.C．Tosatisfyhisowncuriosityaboutmusic.D．Togathermaterialsforhisliterarycreation.解析：选D推理推断题。依据第三段可知，Clarke在他的一本书里涉及了Mathews的电子音乐技术。由此可推知，Clarke主要是为文学创作猎取素材才去参观BellLaboratories的。2．WhatelectronicmusictoolsdidMathewscreate?A．Somethingusedtorecordlivemusic.B．Somethingusedtocreatespecialsound.C．Somethingusedtoimproveputermusic.D．Somethingusedtocreateputermusic.解析：选C细节理解题。依据第五段可知，制作计算机音乐时，RadioBaton可以用来掌握管弦乐的速度、声级等，能改良音乐。3．WhatdoesMathewsthinkofhisMusic?A．Itismorepleasanttotheear.B．Itcanhelpmakemoresounds.C．Itwillfinallyreplacetheviolin.D．Itismorepopularthanlivemusic.解析：选B细节理解题。依据最终一段可知，一般小提琴发出的声音就是那一种，用Mathews的Music可以让它的声音有很多种，即他的Music能关心发出更多声音。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutMathews?A．Heisthefatherofputermusic.B．Hiscreationsucceededonthefirsttry.C．HewroteMusictoreplaceinstruments.D．Hechangedthefunctionsofputers.解析：选A推理推断题。依据全文可知，是Mathews首先制造了计算机音乐，并进而开展出一系列与音乐相关的电子产品，在音乐界掀起了一场革命，故他是计算机音乐之父。BTherearemanywordsuniquetoAustralianEnglish.Ortotrot?IcameacrossthatwordwhilestudyingataschoolinNorthHead,Manly,NewSouthWales,Australia,in1974.Itislocalslang(俚语)forAreyouready(togo)?anditwasderivedfromthesoundofacarriage­pullinghorse.AtSydneyAirport,Iaskedthewaytothetrainstationandhetoldme，“Goaskthatblokeoverthere.〞BlokeisusedinAustraliaandreferstoaperson.Dayanddiesoundalmostalikeandsince“a〞，“i〞and“o〞allsoundalmostthesame,Ihavealwaystoldmyfriends,jokingly,thattheyonlyneed24letters,andnot26liketherestforus.AustralianEnglishbegandivergingfromBritishEnglishin1788.In1827PeterCunningham,inhisbookTwoYearsinNewSouthWales,reportedthatnative­bornwhiteAustraliansspokewithadistinctiveaccentandvocabulary.AustralianEnglishhasmanywordsthatsomeconsideruniquetothelanguage.Oneofthebestknownisoutback,meaningafarawayarea.Anotheristhebush,meaningeitheranativeforest.BushisawordofDutchorigin:“Bosch〞.However,bothtermshavebeenwidelyusedinmanyEnglish­speakingcountries.EarlysettlersfromEnglandbroughtothersimilarwords,phrasesandusagestoAustralia.Bonzer,whichwasonceamonAustralianslangwordmeaning“great〞or“beautiful〞，isthoughttohavebeenanAmericanterm.Sincethe1950s,theAmericaninfluenceonlanguageinAustraliahasefrompopculture.AustralianEnglishismostsimilartoNewZealandEnglishfortheirsimilarhistory.WordsofIrishoriginareused,someofwhicharealsomonelsewhereintheIrish,suchastuckerfor“food〞，aswellasoneortwonativeEnglishwordswhosemeaningshavechangedunderIrishinfluence,suchaspaddockfor“field〞，whichhasexactlythesamemeaningastheAustralianpaddock.eq\x(语篇解读：本文介绍了澳大利亚英语的独特性以及其他英语对它的影响。)5．ThemainpurposeofParagraph2istoshow________.A．theauthorwasn'tfamiliarwithAustralianEnglishB．theauthorfounditdifficulttounderstandAustraliansC．manyAustralianEnglishwordsareuniqueD．Australiansarequitefriendlytoforeigners解析：选C推理推断题。作者在本段举的两个例子都是为了说明澳大利亚英语有其独有的词汇。6．WhydidthewritertellhisfriendsAustraliansonlyneed24letters?A．BecauseAustraliansspeakveryeasyEnglish.B．BecauseAustraliansneveruse“a〞or“i〞．C．Becausethereare3lettershavingalmostthesamepronunciation.D．Becausetherearedifferentwaystocallthesamething.解析：选C细节理解题。依据第三段前半句可知，作者之所以认为澳大利亚人只需要24个字母，是由于在澳大利亚英语中“a〞，“i〞和“o〞这三个字母的发音很相像。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diverging〞inParagraph4mean?A．Drawingapart. B．Holdingback.C．Wakingup. D．Mixingup.解析：选A词义猜想题。依据下文所述，澳大利亚英语有了自己外乡的、独特的口音和词汇。由此可以推知，此处指澳大利亚英语从英国英语中别离了出来，故A项“别离〞符合题意。8．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A．thenativelanguageofAustraliaisEnglishB．thefirstsettlerscametoAustraliain1827C．AmericanpopcultureplaysapartinAustralianEnglishD．PeterCunninghamwenttovisitAustraliainthe1850s解析：选C细节理解题。依据文章第五段倒数其次句可知，的流行文化影响了澳大利亚英语。CEnglishsongshavebeenverypopularforpeoplearoundtheworldformany，fromElvisPresleytoRickyMartin，fromtheBeatlestoEminenandfromNatalieColetoBritneySpears,haveallbeensittingineveryone'sheart,evenforpeoplewhodon'tspeakwillyouhavebetterEnglishskillsifyoulistentoEnglishsongsforalongtime?Frommyexperiences,somepeoplelistentoEnglishsongsfor20－30yearsbutstillhaven'tacplishedanygoodEnglishpeoplechooseEnglishsongstobethe“mainlearningapproach〞，butmostofthemhavefailed.ListeningtoEnglishsongsdoesnothelpyoutospeakEnglishdoeshelpyougainsomeofthemareunusualonesthatyoudon'tuseinyoureverydaywon'tlearnthesentence“Itisaplicateproject.Wereallyneedtomeetthedeadline.〞inanyEnglishsongs.PeoplelikeusingEnglishsongstopracticeEnglishskillsbecauseit'seasyandthinkthatsittinginthecarlisteningtoEnglishsongsdaybydaycanimprovetheirEnglishisnotthatactually.Youwillnotimproveyourlisteningskillsbecausenormalpeopledon'tspeakwithmelody(乐调).Peopledon'ttalklikeEminen'ssongs(well,actually,someteenagersdo)．Youcan'tgetyourselffamiliarwithEnglishpronunciationoraccentjustfromlisteningtoEnglishwordsthattheypronounceinthesongsarenotthewordsthatyouwillhearinyoureverydayoftenevenconfusesyoumorehowEnglishispronounced.IwouldfullyencourageyoutowatchEnglishmovies,listentoradionewsorothernormaltalks,butnotmusic.Ofcourse,youcanconsumeitforfunbutnottheaimtoimproveyourEnglishskills.语篇解读：本文是谈论文。作者认为“通过听英语歌曲来提高英语技能〞这一做法是不行行的。文中阐述了详细缘由，并给出了建议——看电影或听新闻播送会关心提高英语技能。9．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．HowEnglishsongshelppeoplepracticeEnglishskills.B．WhohasmadeEnglishsongspopularallovertheworld.C．Whypeoplewon'timprovetheirEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.D．WherepeoplecanfindgoodEnglishsongstopracticetheirEnglishskills.解析：选C主旨大意题。通过对全文的理解可知，作者认为“通过听英语歌曲来提高英语技能〞的做法是不行行的，文中详细论述了这个做法不行行的缘由。应选C。10．EnglishsongsarehelpfulforEnglishlearnersiftheywantto________.A．speakEnglishfluentlyB．enlargetheirvocabulariesC．improvetheirlisteningskillsD．learntoexpressthemselvesindailylife解析：选B细节理解题。依据第三段第一、二句可知，听英语歌曲不会关心你流利地说英语，但是它的确可以关心你增加词汇量。应选B。11．Whichofthefollowingwon'tprobablyappearinEnglishsongs?A．Countryroad,takemehome.B．EverynightIseeyou,Ifeelyou.C．It'snotabigbigthingifyouleaveme.D．Weneedtomeetthedeadlinethoughit'stough.解析：选D细节理解题。依据第三段最终一句可知，你不会在任何英语歌曲中学习到类似“这是一个简单的工程。我们真的需要在最终期限之前完成。〞这样的句子。应选D。12．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A．world­famoussingershavedonealottohelppeoplelearnEnglishB．watchingEnglishmoviesorlisteningtoradionewscanbeagreathelpC．EnglishsongsgetpeoplefamiliarwithEnglishpronunciationoraccentD．mostpeoplewhoenjoyEnglishsongsintheircarspeakEnglishverywell解析：选B推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句可知，作者特别鼓舞人们通过看英语电影、听播送新闻或其他正常的对话来练习英语口语而不是听音乐。应选B。eq\a\vs4\al([课文对译])WhichEnglish?Whenyoureceiveaphonecallfromafriend,howlongdoesittakeyoutoknowwhoitis?Afewseconds,perhaps.Thequalityofsomeone'svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantlyrecognisable,eventhoughyoucan'tseehimorher.Inthissenseeverybody'suseoflanguage—whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother—isdifferent.YoucouldsaythatthereareasmanyvarietiesofEnglish,oranyotherlanguageforthatmatter,astherearespeakersofit.Englishisspokenasanofficiallanguageinmorethan60countriesacrosstheworldanditcansoundverydifferentfromplacetoplace.Pronunciation,aswellasgrammarandvocabulary,canchangeveryquicklyfromoneareatoanother.Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialectiscockney.ItisonlyusuallyspokenbypeoplefromtheeastofthatcitysoitisnottheonlyformofEnglishyouwillhear.YoucanusuallytellwhichpartoftheEnglish­speakingworldsomeoneesfrombytheiraccent,andtherearesomeveryrecognisableaccentsalloverBritain.ItisalsoquiteeasytotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart.AlthoughmostpeoplebelievethereisarightandawrongwaytospeakEnglish,thereisnotreallyastandardformthateveryonecanagreeon.Englishspreadacrosstheworldoverhundredsofyearsbecauseoftrade,explorationandbusiness,andthisprocessproducedmanydifferentEnglishes.Professorsoflinguistics,writersandteachersallworryaboutprovidingaperfectmodeltofollowbutasitissowidelyspoken,ithasbeeimpossibletosaywhichEnglishis“correct〞andwhichis“incorrect〞.Perhapscorrectnessdoesn'tmatter—aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother—it'smunicationthatcounts.AustraliaG'day!D'yaspeakStrine?Orrather,Hello!DoyouspeakAustralian?Australiaisoneoftheyoungestnationsintheworld.ThefirstEnglishspeakersarrivedlittlemorethan200yearsago—andtheydidn'twantto.Mostofthemwereprisonerssenttheretowork.TheycamefromalloverBritain,butespeciallyfromNorthernIrelandandtheLondonarea,whichiswhytheAustralianaccenttodayhastracesofbothIrishandcockneyspeechpatterns.TheEnglishspeakersfoundapeoplewhohadbeenlivinginAustraliaformorethan50,000years—theAborigines,andanextraordinaryvarietyofwildlife,uniquetothecontinent.ManyoftheAboriginalwordsfortheseanimals,suchaskangaroo,koalaandkookaburrasoonpassedintothelanguage.ButthemaindifferencesbetweenAustralianEnglishandothervarietiesofEnglishlieintheindividualsoundsandintonationpatterns.SometimesitisdifficultforBritishandAmericanpeopletounderstandtheAustralianaccent,andmistakesaremon.Afewyearsagoawell­knownEnglishauthorwassigningcopiesofhisbooksinaSydneybookshop.AcustomercameuptotheauthorholdingacopyofthebookandsaidEmmaChissit.TheauthorthoughtthatEmmaChissitwasthewoman'sname.Butwhenheaskedhowtospellthename,incasethecustomerwantedhimtowritehernameinthebook(ToEmmaChissit,withbestwishes),herealisedthatthecustomerhadbeenaskingthequestion:Howmuchisit?JamaicaandSingaporeAustralianEnglishesdirectlyfromEnglishspokeninBritain.ButinothercountrieswhereEnglishisspokenasafirstlanguagethisisnotthecase.ThevarietyofEnglishspokeninJamaica,andotherCaribbeancountries,hassomeofthegrammaticalfeaturesoftheAfricanlanguagesspokenbytheancestorsoftheJamaicanpeople,sothatthereisoftennoapostrophes('s)(thatwomanhouse,insteadofthatwoman'shouse)ornolinkverborarticle(Hegoodman,insteadofHe'sagoodman).Anotherfeatureistherhythm.Itistherhythmofrapmusic,whichbecamepopularintheUSinthe1980s.Ontheothersideoftheworld,inSingapore,Englishisasecondlanguage,spokenbyabouthalfthepopulation.Otherlanguagesin­cludeMalayandChinese.AlmosteveryoneinSingaporeisbilingual,whilesomepeoplespeakthreeorfourlanguages.ThemostmonvarietyofEnglishspokenisknownasSinglish.SentencesinSinglishoftenendwithth