教程新gre argu精练笔记

Alternativeexnation:Apossiblecompetingversionofwhatmighthavecausedtheeventsinquestion;analternativeexnationthatundercutsorqualifiestheoriginalexnationbecauseittoocanaccountfortheobservedfactsAssumption:Abelief,oftenunstatedorunexamined,thatsomeonemustholdinordertomaintainaparticularposition;somethingthatistakenforgrantedbutthatmustbetrueinorderfortheconclusiontobetrue.Conclusion:Theendpointreachedbyalineofreasoning,validifthereasoningissound;theresultingassertionCounterexample:Anexample,realorhypothetical,thatrefutesordisprovesastatementintheargumentEvaluation:Anassessmentofthequalityofevidenceandreasonsinanargumentandoftheoverallmeritofanargumentwords（component（conclusionfallacieslineevidenceassumptionnationsArgumentSomeargumentscontainnumbers,percentages,orstatisticsthatareofferedasevidenceinsupportoftheargument’sconclusion.ArgumentAssumption:Abelief,oftenunstatedorunexamined,thatsomeonemustholdinordertomaintainaparticularposition;somethingthatistakenforgrantedbutthatmustbetrueinorderfortheconclusiontobetrue.Socratesisaman.Therefore,SocratesisAlternativeexnation:Apossiblecompetingversionofwhatmighthavecausedtheeventsinquestion;analternativeexnationthatundercutsorqualifiestheoriginalexnationbecauseittoocanaccountfortheobservedfactsArgumentArgumentGRE的几类要52specific501062Questions,题目假设（ExaminestatedandunstatedWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexinhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.ArgumentThisargumentconcludesthat .However,itsauthorfailstoprovidesufficienttopermitaproperevaluationoftheargument'sreasoning.Eachpointofdeficiencyisdiscussedseparaybelow.Oneoftheargument'sdeficienciesinvolves .Theauthorprovidesnospecificevidencethat .Inanyevent,moreinformationabout isneededinordertodetermine Anotherweaknessoftheargumentisthatitprovidesnoinformationabout .Itwouldbeusefultoknow .Itwouldbehelpfultoobtaininformationabout Yetanotheroftheeditorial's ingshastodowith ,whichwouldrequiredetailedinformationabout Inviewoftheabove,itcanbesaidthattheconclusionpresentedintheargumentsoundsunconvincingduetolackofsubstantialevidenceas .Inanuts,then,aproperevaluationoftheeditorialrequiresmoreinformationabout solid/strong/qualified/convincing/persuasiveargumentisinsufficient/inadequate/deficient/notenough/failstoprovidesufficient/convincing/positive/tangible/ampleproof/Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexinhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.ArgumentTheconclusionofthisargument restsweaklyonthreeprimaryassumptionsFirst,theargumentassumesthat .Itfurtherpresumesthat .Theargumentmakesaunwarrantedassumptionabout .(酌情使用)thoseconclusionmayundermineTheargumentassumesthat .Nonetheless,thevalidityoftheauthor’sargumentdependsontheideathat Similarly,theargument’sconclusiondependsontheassumptionthat Themostsignificantassumptionmadebytheauthortoarriveattheconclusionisthat Insum,thisargumentreliesheavilyonitsassumptions,perhapstooheavily.Denyinganyoneoftheseassumptionsresultsinaweakenedor,insomecases,invalidconclusion.Nevertheless,theconclusionthat ,despiteitsnotbeingprovenwiththepremisesgivenandassumptionsmadebytheauthor.Tostrengthentheargument,theauthorwouldneedtonotonlyaddressthesethreeassumptionsbutalso Itisunreasonable/irrational/unfair/illogical/unscientific/unsound/wrongtoassumefalse/wrong/unwarranted/unjustifiable/flawed/incorrect/mistaken/questionable/erroneousassumptionsWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeex nationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexnationandexinhowyourexnation(s)can usiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.ArgumentThegivenargumentbringsouttheconclusionthat .Theargumentmainlycitestheevidenceabout .Theremaybealternativeexnationsfor Theargumentisweakenedbypossiblealternativeexnationfor .Itislikely Theargueralsofailstoruleoutseveralexnationsfor Further,thewriterignoresthe Thearguerhasfailedtoconvinceusinregard

.Itispossiblethat .argumentprovestobeweakinmanyrespects.Itignoresmanypossibilitiesoralternativeexnationsthatcouldaffect .Theabovediscussionprovesthatthewriterhasignoredmanyaspectsthatcouldresultin .Therefore,thearguershouldpresentuswithmorerelevantexnationstosupporthis mendation.Theexnationprovidedbytheauthorisnotconvincing/credible/logical/usible/rational/Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexinhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.ArgumentTheproblemwiththe mendationisthatitisbasedsolelyoncertaindubious .Tomakeaconvincingargumentthat ,thememo'sauthormustaddressspecificquestionsabout Onequestionthatmustbeaddressediswhether/who/what/how Anotherquestionthatmustbeanswerediswhether/who/what/how Twoadditionalquestionsthatmustbesolvedhavetodowith .Howmany Whatif Insum,assessingthereasonablenessofthe mendationrequiresanswerstoquestionsregardingto , ,and Tackle/answer/replytotheque