专转本英语考试介绍及英语复习策略

专转本考试英语复习策略

一、考试要求、考试题型及分值分布

一）考试要求（详见考试大纲）

二）考试题型及分值分布

2001-—2004

2005一一2008

2009-—2010

二、复习策略

一）语法项目一10大项目

PartOneTense（时态）12•-8+4:

8—

1）一般现在时：

2）一•般过去时：

*动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化：

规则变化的动词是在动词后面加-ed:

*不规则变化的动词（见不规则动词表）

*...ago,last...,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,etc必须和•般过去时连用。

3）一般将来时:begoingto+v或will/shall+v

4）现在进行时be+v-ing:

*动词的现在分词的构成v+-ing:

5）现在完成时have/has+p.p

a.IhavetaughtEnglishforfifteenyears.

b.Hehasdied.

*动词的过去分词的构成也分为规则变化和不规则变化：

*短暂性动词不能和时间段连用

6）过去进行时was/were+v-ing

a.IwaswatchingTVathomethistimeyesterday.

b.WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcame?

7）过去将来时was/weregoingto+v或would/should+v

Forexample:

a.HesaidthathewouldgotoTokyosoon.

b.Hetoldmethathewasgoingtogetmarried.

8）过去完成时had+p.p

Forexample:

a.IhadlearnedEnglishbeforeIwenttocollege.

b.Shehadsleptfortwohoursbeforeyouarrived.

4—

9）将来进行时will/shallbe+v-ing

a.IwillbewatchingTVathomethistimetomorrow.

b.WhatwillyoubedoingwhenIcometoseeyouthisevening?

*willnot=won't;shallnot=shan't

10）将来完成时will/shallhave+p.p

a.IwillhavelearnedEnglishforsixyearsbytheendofthisyear.

b.HewillhaveleftNanjingbythetimeyougethere.

11）现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+v-ing

a.IhavebeenlearningEnglishforsixyears.

b.HowlonghaveyoubeenlivinghereinNanjing?

12）过去完成进行时hadbeen+v-ing

a.HehadbeenquarrelingwithhiswifebeforeIarrived.

b.Theyhadbeenlisteningtopopmusicforseveralhoursbeforeyoucame.

PartTwoVoice（语态）…Passive…be+p.p（vt）

不同时态的被动形式构成如下：

1.一般现在时am/is/are+p.p

a.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

b.Sheissenttothekindergarteneverydaybyhermothereveryday.

2.一般过去时was/were+p.p

a.Hewasbeatenbyhisgirlfriendyesterday.

b.Thetreewasplantedbyus.

3.一般将来时am/is/aregoingtobe+p.p或will/shallbe+p.p

a.Thetaskwillbefinishedbyussoon.

b.ThegirlisgoingtobetakentoAmericabyherparents.

4.现在进行时am/is/arebeing+p.p

a.Theappleisbeingeatenbytherabbit.

b.Sheisbeingpraisedbytheteacher.

5.现在完成时have/hasbeen+p.p

a.Theworkhasbeencompletedbythem.

b.Theoldhousehasbeenpulleddownbyhim.

6.过去进行:时was/werebeing+p.p

a.HewasbeingblamedbyhismotherwhenIarrivedathishome.

b.Hetoldmethatthejobwasbeingdonebythenewstudent.

7.过去将来时was/weregoingtobe+p.p或would/shouldbe+p.p

a.Marytoldmethatthecompositionsweregoingtobecollectedbyher.

b.Whotoldyouthattheboywasgoingtobetaughtbyme?

8.过去完成时hadbeen+p.p

a.TheoldnewspapershadbeensoldbymywifebeforeIgothome.

b.Shehadbeenkilledbyanunknownyoungmanbeforeherboyfriendarrived.

9.将来完成时will/shallhavebeen+p.p

Thehousewillhavebeencleanedbyhimbyeighto'clockthisevening.

10.将来进行时will/shallbebeing+p.p

Exercise:

Changethefollowingsentencesfromactiveintopassive:

1.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver.

2.Whowrotethebook?

3.Hecriticizedmejustnow.

4.Wearegrowingsomeflowersinthegarden.

5.She'sfoundyourwallet.

PartThreeSubjunctiveMood（虚拟语气）

表示与事实相反的假设或将来不太可能实现的愿望。

使用场合：

1.用于if引导的条件句中：

1）与过去事实相反：

would/should/could/might+havedoneif...haddone

IwouldhavepassedtheEnglishexamifyouhadhelpedme.

2）与现在事实相反：

would/should/could/might+vif...v-ed（但be的过去式通常用were）

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereme?

1）与将来事实相反：

would/should/could/might+vif...wereto+v或should+v

Wewouldholdapartyifyouweretoarrivetomorrow.

*主句中的should通常用于第一人称，从句中的should各人称通用。

*在if引导的虚拟条件从句中可以把if省略，并将had,should或were提到句首。如：

a.IwouldhavepassedtheEnglishexamifyouhadhelpedme.=

IwouldhavepassedtheEnglishexamhadyouhelpedme.

b.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereme?=

Whatwouldyoudowereyoume?

c.Wewouldholdapartyifyouweretoarrivetomorrow.=

Wewouldholdapartywereyoutoarrivetomorrow.

*如果从句和主句中的时间不一致，则要分别使用相对应的动词形式。这种虚拟条件从句被

称作“错综条件句”。

Forexample:

a.IfIhadn'tcaughtyouwhenyoufellfromtheladder,youwouldnotbesmilingnow.

b.Ifyouhadmarriedmeatthattimeyouwouldbehappiernow.

*英语中还可以用butfor…（要不是…）和without…来表示虚拟条件：

a.Butforyourimmediatehelp,Iwouldhavefailed.

b.Butforair,therewouldnotbelifeontheearth.

c.Withoutthechild,thewomanwouldcommitsuicidebecauseherhusbandoftenbeatsherblack

andgreen.

2.用于名词性从句中一（should）do:

1）用于主语从句中：

（1）Itis+（v.）p.p+thatsb（should）dosth

*v.--ask,command,desire,demand,direct,insist,move（提议）,maintain（坚持认为；维修）,

order,persist（坚持）,propose,recommend,request,require,second（附议），suggest,etc

ItwasrequiredbymyEnglishteacherthatIshouldspendatleast3hoursonEnglish.

（2）Itis+adj+thatsb（should）dosth

*adjadvisable,critical（关键的），desirable,essential（必不可少的），indispensable（必要的），

necessary,vital（关键的）,etc

IlwasnecessarythatIshouldspendatleast3hoursonEnglisheveryday.

2)用于宾语从句中：

v+thatsb(should)dosth

*v.ask,command,desire,demand,direct(要求)，insist,move,maintain,order,persist,propose,

recommend,request,require,second,suggest,etc

a.MyEnglishteacherrequiredthatIshouldspendatleast3hoursontheEnglish.

ThatIshouldspendatleast3hoursontheEnglishwasrequiredbymyEngliahteacher.一

ItwasrequiredbymyEnglishteacherthatIshouldspendatleast3hoursonEnglish.

b.MymotherinsistedthatIshouldvisitthegrandmawithher.

3)用于表语从句中：

N+is+thatsb(should)dosth

advice,command,desire,demand,direction,insistence,

order,persistence,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,etc

4)用于同位语从句中：

...n+thatsb(should)dosth

*n.-advice,command,desire,demand,direction,insistence,order,

persistence,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,etc

3.用于wish后的宾语从句中：

1)与过去事实相反―wishthatsb+had+p.p

a.IwishthatIhadbeenthere.

b.Hewishesthathehadnevergotmarried.

2)与现在事实相反一wishthatsb+v-ed(be--were)

a.IwishthatIwereamillionaire.

b.Shewishesthatshewereathomewithherparentsnow.

3)与将来事实相反一wishthatsb+should/would/might/could+v

a.IwishthatIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.

b.HewishesthathewouldgotoAmericaforfurtherstudy.

*Ifonly…!“要是…就好了!”也是用来表示愿望的一个句型，该句型后面从句中

的动词形式和wish后面所接的从句中的动词形式完全•致。

Forexample:

a.Ifonlyyouhadmarriedme!

b.IfonlyhewereateacherofEnglish!

c.Ifonlyshewouldcometoseemetomorrow!

4.用于wouldrather(=wouldsooner)后面所接的宾语从句中：

.prefertodoratherthando…宁愿...而不愿...

1)表示和过去事实相反一

wouldratherthatsb+had+p.p

Forexample:

Hewouldratherthathehadneverbeenlazyinstudyinhighschool.

2)表示和现在或将来事实相反--

wouldratherthatsb+v-ed(bewere)

Forexample:

a.Iwouldratherthathewerenotill.

b.ShewouldratherthatherparentsallowedhertoworkinBeijingafterhergraduationfrom

NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics.

5.用于asif(=asthough)后面所接的方式状语从句或表语从句中：

该从句中的动词形式和wish后面所接的从句中的动词形式完全•致。

Forexample:

a.Shebehavesasifshehaddoneallthejobbyherself.

b.Youaretalkingasifyouweremyfather.

c.Sheseemsasifshewouldgetmarriedsoon.

6,用于lest(以防)后面所接的目的状语从句中

lest+sb(should)dosth

Forexample:

Weexaminedtheenginecarefullybeforewesetofflestit(should)gowrongontheway.

7用于Itistimethat…句型中-一

Itistimethatsb+v-ed

Forexample:

a.Itistimethathewenthome.

b.Itistimethatwestartedlearning.

PartR)urInversion(倒装)…全部倒装和部分倒装：

*全部倒装一就是把整个谓语部分提到主语的前面。

a.Inthisbookcanbefoundanarticleabouttheharmofsmoking.

b.Herecomesthebus.

here,there,in,out,up,down等表示方位的副词开头并且主语是名词的句子要用全部倒

装。

又如：

a.Theregoestheman.

b.Downcamethemonkeyfromthetree.

还有的全部倒装是修辞的需要。

比如Inthisbookcanbefoundanarticleabouttheharmofsmoking.也可以不月3倒装，而写成：

Inthisbookanarticlecanbefoundabouttheharmofsmoking.

*部分倒装一就是把谓语中的助动词，情态动词和be动词提到主语的前面而谓

语的其他部分仍然放在主语之后。

*部分倒装都是语法需要。英语中要用部分倒装的情形如下：

1.以。nly+状语开头的句子：

a.OnlywithyoucanIbereallyhappy.

b.OnlythroughmuchpracticecanwelearnEnglishwell.

c.OnlyyesterdaydidIlearnthatmyex-girlfriendhadgotmarried.

2.以否定副词或具有否定意义的副词(短语)开头的句子：

a.NeverhaveIlearnedSpanish.

b.HardlycanIuseEnglishtocommunicatewithforeigners.

*英语中的否定副词或具有否定意义的副词(短语)常见的有never,hardly,

little,seldom,scarcely,rarely,nosooner(...than...),neither,nor,notonly...(butalso...);under

nocircumstances,innoway,bynomeans,atnotime,onnoaccount,onnocondition,innocase,

etc

3.当so表示前一个肯定分句的谓语部分适用于另一个人(物)并且放在句首的时候：

a.IlikeEnglish,sodoeshe.

b.MarycanspeakJapanese,socanmymother.

c.IwenttoAmericalastautumn,sodidmyfriend.

4.当neither和nor表示前一个否定分句的谓语部分适用于另一个人（物）并且放在句首的

时候:

a.Idon'tlikeEnglish,nordoeshe.

b.Hehasn'tbeentoShanghai,neitherhaveI.

5.以notuntil加时间状语开头的句子：

a.NotuntilyesterdaydidIlearnthathehadgotmarried.

b.Notuntilhewas40didheleavehisparentsforindependentliving.

6.以so/such+形容词/副词或+带有形容词修饰语的名词短语开头的句子：

a.SoprettyisthegirlthatIoftendreamofheratnight.

b.Sofastdoeshespeakthatwecannotfollowhim.

c.SoimportantalanguageisEnglishthatwemustspendmuchtimelearningit.

d.SuchanimportantlanguageisEnglishthatwemustspendmuchtimelearningit.

PartRveInfiniteVerbs（非谓语动词）…todo,doing,doing/done

非谓语动词分为：不定式，动名词，分词。

非谓语动词的总体特点：就是不能作谓语，其他什么成分都能当。

一.不定式的用法

（一）不定式的句法功能：

1.作主语

TocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDayisnecessary.

*现代英语中通常用it做形式主语。上句可以改为：

It'snecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay.

不定式作主语是难点之一。

2.作宾语

Iwanttogoatonce.

*可以接不定式短语作宾语的动词有：

likewanttrywishbegindecideaskforgetpromisehopeloveofferrefuse,etc

*当做宾语的动词不定式后面带有补足语的时候，•定要用it做形式宾语并

把真正的宾语（即动词不定式）放到补足语之后。如：

HefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.

WebelieveitnecessarytolearnEnglish.

3.作补语（主补和宾补）

1）作宾补

a.Ishallhavetoaskhertoleavethecompany.Shewillhavetoleavethecompanybyaskedme.

Shewillhavetobeaskedtoleavethecompanybyme.

b.Pleaseletmestayinthecompany.

*英语中let后面必须接不带to的动词不定式短语做宾补，同类动词还有：make,let,have,

hear,watch,notice,feel,see,etc

又如：

c.Isawhercry.

d.Hemademegothere.

2）作主补

a.Shewasaskedtoleavethecompany.

b.Shewasseentocrybyme.

c.Iwasmadetogotherebyhim.

4.作定语

a.Hehasalotofquestionstoask.动宾关系

b.Heisalwaysthefirsttogettoschooleveryday.主谓关系

c.Thepressuretocompeteinmodernsocietyisalmostunbearable.同位关系

5.作表语

Thepurposeofthetripwastorecordallthewildlife.

*有一类名词作主语时往往需要不定式作表语，这类名词有：

hope,idea,job,mistake,plan,suggestion,wish,work,aim,purpose,thing,business,etc

6.作状语

这一块的知识主要是

too...to...:

a.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.

b.Theboxistooheavyformetolift.

enough...to...:

a.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

b.Iamstrongenoughtoliftthebox.

inorderto...:句首句中均可

a.InordertolearnEnglishwell,Igetupearlyeveryday.

b.Hesetoffearlyinordertocatchthebus.

soasto…:不可以放在句首

（二）动词不定式的其他形式：

A.tobedone:

a.Everyonelikestobepraised.

b.Heaskedtobegivensomemoney.

B.tohavedone

Heissaidtohavediedbypeople.

C.tohavebeendone

Peoplesaythathewaskilled.

Heissaidtohavebeenkilledbypeople.

D.tobedoing

Itseemstoberainingoutside.

E.tohavebeendoing

TheboypretendedtohavebeenreadingbeforeIwentin.

二.动名词一v-ing

（一）动名词的句法功能：

1.subject:

a.TeachingEnglishismyjob.

b.Fishingishishobby.

2.object:

a.IliketeachingEnglish.

b.Heenjoysfishing.

*只能用动名词作宾语的动词：

allow,avoid,appreciate（欣赏,感激），admit,consider,confess（iH白,承认）,deny（否认），delay,

enjoy,escape,finish,fancy（意想不到）,imagine,involve（包括，涉及）,keep,mind,practice,

permit,postpone（推迟）,resist（抵制）,recall,risk,suggest,stop,stand,etc

3.predicative:

a.MyjobisteachingEnglish.

b.Hishobbyisfishing.

4.attributive:

a.Heboughtanewwashingmachineyesterday.

b.Haveyougotasleepingbag?

（二）动名词的否定形式not+v-ing:

a.Hewasangryatnotbeingabletocometoclassontime.

b.Hefeltverysuiprisedatnotbeinginvitedtomybirthdayparty.

（三）动名词的逻辑主语-一

在动名词的前面加形容词性物主代词来表示：

a.Yoursmokingmakesmeangry.

b.Iamangryathisnotbeingabletocometoclassontime.

如果带有逻辑主语的动名词不出现在句首的话，那么还可以用宾格人称代词

来表示动名词的逻辑主语。

Iamangryatyour（=you）smoking.

ThefatherenjoysMary's（=Mary）playingthepiano.

（四）动名词的其他形式

以do（v）为例：

doing,beingdone（vt）,havingdone,havingbeendone（vt）

a.Ienjoybeingpraised.

b.Afterhavingfinishedthejob,Iwenthome.

c.Hefeltsurprisedathavingreceivedacallfromhisex-girlfriend.

d.Hefeltverysurprisedatnothavingbeeninvitedtomybirthdayparty.

**有些动词后面既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语，但可以分为三种情

形：意义相近；意义相同；意义不同

意义相近like,love,hate

意义相同begin,start,continue

**意义不同forget,remember,regret,try,goon,mean

**want,need,require,deserve后面接主动形式的动名词表示被动含

义，并且可以用被动的不定式来代替主动形式的动名词。如：

a.Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.

b.Thewindowswantcleaning.=Thewindowswanttobecleaned.

三.分词的用法

一般来说，现在分词表示主动和进行意义；过去分词表示被动和完成意义

（不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成意义）。

acryingchild,adevelopingcountry,

abrokenglass,adevelopedcountry

afallingleaf&afallenleaf

分词的句法功能：

1.Predicative:

a.Thesituationathomeandabroadisencouraging.

b.Weareencouragedwiththenewsthathehaswonthematch.

2.Complementary:

a.IsawMarycrying.--

Marywasseencryingbyme.

b.IsawMarybeaten.・・・

Marywasseenbeatenbyme.

3.Attributive:

**一般来说，单个的分词做定语放在被修饰的名词或代词之前；分词短语做

定语一定要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后并且在意义上相当于一个定语从句。

a.ThesleepingboyiscalledJohn.

b.Thebrokenglasscostme200dollars.

c.Theboy(whois)sleepinginmyroomiscalledJohn.

d.Theglass(whichwas)brokenbyTomcostme200dollars.

4.Adverbial:

作状语：通常表示时间，原因，条件，结果，方式。

a.Hearingthenews,shecried.

b.Beatenbyherboyfriend,shefeltsad.

c.Givenmoretime,Icandobetter.

d.Shegothome,findingthatherhousehadbeenrobbed.

e.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.

*分词或分词短语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。

分词短语做状语的时候往往相当于一个状语从句。

a.(WhenIwas)WatchingTV,Iheardaloudknockonthedoor.

b.(IfIam)Givenmoretime,Iwilldoitbetter.

c.(Becausehewas)Beatenbyhisfather,theschoolboyranawayfromhome.

d.Igothome,findingthedoorunlocked.

e.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.

*当分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的时候，必须在分词前面加上自己的逻辑主语。(象

这种带有自己的逻辑主语的分词短语被称作分词的独立结构)。在分词的独立结构中，还可以

用with把分词独立结构的逻辑主语引出来。

a.Thegirlwasstandingintherain,streamingdownhercheeks,(wrong)

Thegirlwasstandingintherain,(with)tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.

b.Killedinthecaraccident,thegirlfeltheartbroken,(wrong)

(With)Herboyfriendkilledinthecaraccident,thegirlfeltheartbroken.

现在分词的其他形式：

havingdone(主动完成式),

Havingfinishedthejob,wewenttoafootballmatch.

beingdone(被动现在式)，

Beingpraisedbytheboss,shefelthappy.

havingbeendone(被动完成式)

"Havingbeengivensomemoney,thebeggarwentaway.=Givensomemoney,...

分词的否定形式：not+分词

a.Notknowingwhattodonexttodo,sheturnedtomeforhelp.

b.Notgivenanymoney,thebeggarwentaway.

*当分词的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生的时候，可以在

分词前面加上一些连接词（when,while,if,unless,etc）:

a.Whilelisteningtomusic,Iheardaknockonthewindow.

b.Ifaskedabouthernewboyfriend,shebecomesred.

PartSxEmphaticPattern（强调句型）…Itis...that...:

ThetwoyoungmenrobbedMrs.LiangnearthehankonApril18th.

ThetwoyoungmenrobbedMrs.LiangnearthebankonApril18lh.

ItwasthetwoyoungmenthatrobbedMrs.LiangnearthebankonApril181h.

ItwasMrs.LiangthatthetwoyoungmenrobbednearthebankonApril18th.

ItwasnearthebankthatthetwoyoungmenrobbedMrs.LiangonApril18th.

ItwasonApril18ththatthetwoyoungmenrobbedMrs.Liangnearthebank.

*Hedidn'tleavehisparentsforindependentlivinguntilhewas40.

Notuntilhewas40didheleavehisparentsforindependentliving.

Itwasnotuntil40thathelefthisparentsforindependentliving.

*Itwasattwoo'clockinthemorninghecameback.

Itwastwoo'clockinthemorning___hecameback.

PartSevenTagQiestion（反意疑问句）

a.Whataday,_couidyou___?

b.Let'sgo,_shallwe___?

c.Letusgo,_couldyou___?

d.Comein,?

e.Don'tcomein,?

f.Hedemandedthatwecomeateighto'clock,didn'the?

g.Idon'tthinkthatheisateacher,_ishe___?

h.Hemusthavegonetobed,.haven'the___?

i.Hemusthavegonetobedearlyyesterdayevening,?

j.Hemustbeastudent,_isn'the?

k.Heisunhappy,_ishe___?

*prefixeswithnegativemeaning:dis-,un-,il-,in-,im-,a-,ab-,ir-:

PartEightModalVerbs（情态动词）

Musthavedone

Can'thavedone

Couldhavedone

Couldn'thavedone

Mayhavedone

Mighthavedone

Shouldhavedone

Shouldn'thavedone

Oughttohavedone

Oughtnottohavedone

Needn'thavedone

PartNineAgreementofS+V（主谓一致）

1.就近原则一

Notonly...butalso...

Neither...nor...

Either...or...

TherebeAandB

2.就远原则一

AaswelllasB...

3.“Manya+单数名词”作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数

4.距离，金钱，价格，重量等作主语的时候作单数处理

PartTenClause（从句）

）名词性从句一主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

1.都可以用连词that来引导（that在从句中不作成份。除宾语从句之外，that不可以省略）：

a.Thathegotmarriedistrue.

b.Iknow（that）hegotmarried.

c.Thenewsisthathegotmarried.

d.Idon'tbelievethenewsthathegotmarried.

2.都可以用连词whether•引导（whether在从句中不作成份并且不可以省略。从句必须使用陈

述语序）：

a.Whetherhegotmarriedisnotclear.

b.Idon'tknowwhetherhegotmarried.

c.Myquestioniswhetherhegotmarried.

d.Couldyouanswermyquestionwhetherhegotmarried?

*在宾语从句中还可以用if来代替whether:

Idon'tknowwhetherhegotmarried.=Idon'tknowifhegotmarried.

*但在以下情形的宾语从句中不可以用if来表示“是否”：

1）该宾语从句作介词的宾语

a.Iaminterestedinwhetheryoureallyloveme.

b.Ourplandependsonwhetheritwillraintomorrow.

2）宾语从句的句尾有ornot

a.Idon'tknowwhetherhegotmarriedornot.

b.Hedidn'ttellmewhetherheisastudentornot.

3.都可以用特殊疑问词来引导（特殊疑问词在从句中作成份并且不可以省略，从句必须使用

陈述语序）：

Whenhegotmarriedisnotclear.

Idon'tknowwhenhegotmarried.

Myquestioniswhenhegotmarried.

Couldyouanswermyquestionwhenhegotmarried?

*把下面的句子放在Canyoutellme…？之后：

a.Doeshisfathergotoworkbybus?

b.WhendidMr.SmithgotoTokyo?

c.Howdidhefinishthejobsosoon?

d.Whycan'thedothat?

e.Ishismotheradoctor?

*现代英语中通常不把主语从句放在句首，而是用it做形式主语：

Thathegotmarriedistrue.=Ilistruethathegotmarried.

Whetherhegotmarriedisnotclear.=Itisnotclearwhetherhegotmarried.

Whenhegotmarriedisnotclear.=ItisnotclearwhenhegotmaiTied.

二）定语从句/关系从句/形容词性从句：

1.两个基本概念：

先行词一被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词一定语从句的引导词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

2.关系词的用法：

1）关系代词的用法who,whom,whose,which,that:

⑴who—当先行词指人并且从句中缺少主语的时候使用：

a.TheboywhobeatheryesterdayisTom.

b.Idon'tlikethegirlwhohasseveralboyfriends.

⑵whom-当先行词指人并且从句中缺少宾语的时候使用：

a.TheboywhomIbeatyesterdayisTom.

b.Idon'tlikethegirlwhomyoubeatyesterday.

⑶whose—当先行词指人并且从句中缺少定语的时候使用：

a.TheboywhosewalletwasstolenyesterdayisTom.

b.Idon'tlikethegirlwhoseboyfriendisugly.

（4）which-当先行词指物的时候使用并且which在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语：

a.Ilostthepenwhichcostme200dollars.

b.Ilostthepenwhichmyfathergavemeonmyeighteenthbirthday.

（5）that-不管先行词指人还是指物的时候都可以使用并且that在从句中既可以作主语又可

以作宾语：

*以上例句中的who,whom和which都可以换成thato但在以下情况下通常只用that来引导

定语从句：

A.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰的时候

a.MaryisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.

b.ThenovelGonewiththeWindisthemostinterestingonethatIhaveeverread.

B.当先行词既有人又有物的时候

Thepolicehaven'tfoundthelittlegirlandthedogthatgotlostlastweekend.

C.当先行词是everything,anything,something,nothing和all等不定代词的时候

a.Shebelieveseverythingthatherboyfriendsays.

b.Allthatglittersisnotgold.（闪光的并非都是金子）

*一般来说，在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。但当关系代词作介词的宾语并且介

同位于关系代词之前的时候则不可以省略关系代词并且该关系代词只能用whom（先行词指

人）或which（先行词指物）。比如：

a.Englishisalanguage(that/which)Iaminterestedin.=

EnglishisalanguageinwhichIaminterested.

b.Maryisthegirl(that/whom)weweretalkingabout.=

Maryisthegirlaboutwhomweweretalking.

2)关系副词的用法一when,where,why:

(l)when—当先行词指时间并且从句中缺少状语的时候使用：

a.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.

b.Doyourememberthetimewhenwewereinthecountryside?

(2)where-当先行词指地点并且从句中缺少状语的时候使用：

a.Thehousewherewestudyisveryold.

b.Doyouknowthesmallfactorywherewework?

(3)why-当先行词指原因并且从句中缺少状语的时候使用：

a.Idon'tbelievethereasonwhysheislate.

b.Thereasonwhyshekilledherownbabyisnottrue.

*关系副词相当于“介词+which”

3.关系代词as引导的定语从句：

*限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句--

Mybrotherwhoisadoctorhasgoneabroad.(限制性)

Myfather,whoisadoctorhasgoneabroad.(非限制性)

Das用于限制性定语从句中一当先行词前有such修饰的时候用as:

a.Sheisnotsuchagirlasyouthink.

b.Thisisnotsuchagoodmealastheypromisedus.

2)as用于非限制性定语从句中一在非限制性定语从句中，as用来指整个主句的内容。as在从

句中可以作主语或宾语。

a.Asweknow,heisadoctor.

b.Asisknowntousall,theearthisround.

*which也可以用于非限制性定语从句中，并指代整个主句的内容,which在从句中可以作主语

或宾语％但which引导的这种从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的这种从句既可以放在主

句之后也可以放在主句之前，还可以放在主句之间(指的是放在主句的主语和谓语动词之

间。

Forexample:

Theearthisround,whichweallknow.

Theearthisround,asweallknow.=

Asweallknow,theearthisround.=

Theearth,asweallknow,isround.

三)状语从句/副词性从句：

1.时间when,while,as,since,until,not...until...,before,after,

hardly...when...(=scarcely...when...),nosooner...than...,theinstant=thesecond=theminute

=themoment=assoonas,etc

2.原因because,as,since,inthat,etc

3.条件if,aslongas=solongas,unless,provided(that)=providing(that),etc

4.HEKjsothat,inorderthat,incase,lest,etc

5.结果sothat,so...that,such...that...,etc

6.方式as,asif(=asthough),etc

7.比较as...as...,notas...as...(notso...as...),than,etc

8.地点where,etc

9.让步although,though,as,evenif(=eventhough),etc

二)词汇记忆•一

*多留心生活一caution,precaution,cautious

*多联想一haunt,ghost,bride,groom；*continuous(ly),continual(ly)

*多比较compliment,complement

*多归纳grow,blow,throw,know,show,snow,bow,slow,flow

*多识记--rise,arise,arouse,raise；*lie,lay；

*respectable,respective,respected,respectful,respecting

*imaginary,imaginable,imaginative

三)学会做题、精做真题

附：

江苏省2009年普通高校专转本统一考试

英语试卷(非英语专业)

第I卷(共100分)

PartIReadingComprehension(共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmark.thecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

YoungKoreansarebeginningtodoitalonewhenitcomestofindingapartner,though

matchmakingisstillthemostcommonwayforboystomeetgirls.

ProfessionalmatchmakerscanmakethousandsofAmericandollarsbyintroducingsuitable

marriagepartnerstoeachother,butpartnersalsoplayaroleintheprocessduringwhichyoung

Koreansmeet.

InConfuciusKorea,wheremarriageisregardedasmoreofabusinesscontractthanasacred

thing,thesceneofthefirstmeetingisrepeatedhundredsoftimesadayincoffeeshopsinthemain

hotelsaroundSeoul.

Thebusinessofcontinuingthefamilylineage(血统)andkeepingthebloodingpureisoften

tooimportanttobelefttoromanceandchanceencounters.

Often,thegirlwillworkoutasystemofsecretsignalswithhermother,fromwhichher

parentscantellifsheisinterested.

Forexample,ifthegirlordersacoffeeitmightmeanthatshewantsherparentstoleaveher

alonewiththeboy,whileamilkshowsthatshewantsthemtostay.

Sometimesthematchmakingisnotalwayssoformal,withtheintroductionbeingmadeby

friends.

Butwhetherthroughfriendsorfamilies,thereishardlyaKoreanmaninthecountrywhohas

notgonethroughthisprocess-sometimessixorseventimes.

1.Theword“matchmaking“inthepassagemeans.

A.averyformalritual（仪式）attendedbyboysandgirls

B.introducingboysandgirlstoknoweachotherforthepurposeofmarriage

C.producingmatchestomakeafireorlightacigarette

D.arranginggamesbetweenmenandwomen

2.Thefactthatthefirstmeetingisrepeatedagainandagainincoffeeshopsinthemainhotels

suggeststhat.

A.Koreanslikedrinkingcoffeeincoffeeshopsverymuch

B.menandwomenwanttomeetasmanytimesaspossible

C.theyarebusywithcommunicatingwithdifferentpeople

D.marriageisseenasabusinesscontractinsteadofsomethingsacred

3.WhydoesthematchingstillexistinKorea?

A.Becausemostpeoplewanttokeepthebloodlinespureandchanceencountersromantic.

B.Becausemostpeopletrytoavoidromanceandkeepthebloodlinespure.

C.Becausemostpeopleregardmarriageascontinuingfamilylineageandromance.

D.Becausemostpeopletrytobreakfamilylineageandbloodlines.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.AlmosteverymanorwomaninKoreahastogothroughthematchmaking.

B.Fromthesignaltheboy'sparentsknowwhethertheirsonisinterestedinthegirlornot.

C.AtpresentyoungKoreansnolongerneedmatchmakingtohelpthemfindpartners.

D.Onlyagirlandaboywillappearinthefirstarrangedmeeting.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thepracticeofmatchmakinginKorea

B.theimportanceof