英语诗歌分析方法

1.Whatispoetry?AliteraryformmarkedwithstanzasWritteninlinesRichimageryGreatartisticappealBeautifulharmonyCompressedcontentAnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry2021/5/912.DefinitionofpoetryPoetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicatesexperienceinthemostcondensedform.Poetryisamultidimensionallanguage:anintellectualdimension,anemotionald,asensuousd,andanimaginatived.Thesedimensionsworktogethertopassexperiencetothereader.Poetrytriestosaythemostinthefewestpossiblewords.Poetrybeginsindelight,andendsinwisdom.—RobertFrostHewhodrawsnobledelightsfromthesentimentsofpoetryisatruepoet,thoughhehasneverwrittenalineinallhislife.—GeorgeSand2021/5/923.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetrysayssomething,poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:1)amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsound;2)apreciseandfreshimagery;3)multiplelevelsofinterpretationssuggestedbytheconnotationsofthewordsandbyallusions.2021/5/93Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:

ParadiseLost

《失乐园》

3)didacticpoem（说理诗）

humorouspoem（幽默诗）

burlesque（滑稽诗）parody（模仿诗）

2)NarrativePoems（叙事诗）

1)LyricalPoems（抒情诗）4.KindsofPoetryA.Intermsofcontent:ode（颂诗）elegy（悼念诗）idyll（田园诗）lovepoem（爱情诗）songs（韵文)ballads（民谣）Epics(史诗)(heroicpoems),DramaticPoems（戏剧诗：usu.indialogue;inblankverse）,

Metricaltale(故事诗)，ballads（民谣）2021/5/94KindsofPoetryB.Intermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems（格律诗）RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLinesFreeVerse（自由诗）：不受格律、音韵的约束不讲求形式上的整齐或有规则，不寻求语言上的平衡、华美或高雅，以充分地、尽情地表达思想为主要目的。IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLinesBlankVerse（无韵诗）：不押韵，但有音步和格律的限制;传统的无韵诗的节奏是抑扬格五音步，各节长短不一，因而有“诗段”这个说法。WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm2021/5/95rhythm

节律，韵

---syllablesandstress;音节与重音

Eg.Mylove’slikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune.

---foot:agroupofsyllables;音步(重音与非重音的一次交替)

(number，positionofthestressedsyllable.)---patternsofthefoot:

iambic(--\)抑扬；trochaic(\--)扬抑;dactylic(\----)扬抑抑;amphibrachic(----\)抑抑扬;anapestic(--\--)抑扬抑

---meter:thenumberoffeet;音步,格律

monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,…..

---rhythm:regularrecurrenceofstressedandunstressedsyllables.

2021/5/96RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:Inpoetryormusic,astructuralorsemanticpatternformedbytherepetitionofsyllableswithidenticalorsimilarsounds.---alliteration:timeandtide,breadandbutter;----endrhyme

:…boy,…joy……beauty,……duty.---parallelR:aabb;---crossR:abab;---circularR:abba.---inter-rhyme:wearandtear,fairandsquair2021/5/973.Rhythm（节奏）

Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!2021/5/98ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）IambicFoot（抑扬音步）(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)（四步抑扬格）2021/5/99(AnapaesticTetrametreor4-footAnapaest)（四步抑抑扬格）4.Metre（格律）

1)Iambus（抑扬格）AnapaesticFoot（抑抑扬音步）Thestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）2021/5/9104.Metre（格律）

1)Iambus（抑扬格）

2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）TrochaicFoot（扬抑音步）Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)（四步扬抑格）3)Trochee（扬抑格）2021/5/911DactylicFoot（扬抑抑音步）a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)（六步扬抑抑格）4.Metre（格律）

1)Iambus（抑扬格）

2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）

3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）(DactylicBi-metre)

（两步扬抑抑格）2021/5/9124.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）6)Spondee（扬扬格）7)Pyrric（抑抑格）5)Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）ForthedearGodwholovethus

（扬扬格）（抑抑格）（抑扬抑格）2021/5/9135.Foot（音步）Mono-metre

（一音步）Bi-metre

（二音步）Tri-metre

（三音步）Tetrametre

（四音步）Pentametre

（五音步）Hexametre

（六音步）Heptametre

（七音步）Octametre

（八音步）2021/5/9146.SoundPatterns（音韵）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVCCVCCVC

Alliteration

（头韵）Assonance

（准韵）Para-rhyme（侧韵）Reverse-rhyme（逆韵）

Fullrhyme（完全韵）take

timetakelatetakeliketaketooktaketaletakelakeCVCCVC

CVCCV

C

CVCCVC

CVC

CVCConsonance

（谐韵）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

2021/5/9157.Alliteration:phantomfathom;psychologysimplea)Togiveemphasis:mightandmain;fitasafiddleb)Toconnectideas:Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.c)To

connectactions:Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell.2021/5/9168.Rhyme:Homefoam

;

chairthereInternalrhyme（行内韵:一行内有符合押韵规则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得几个词在意思上联系起来。）IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe)

2021/5/917IfallbetruethatIdothink.Therearefivereasonsweshoulddrink:c)FeminineRhyme（阴韵:

重读音节后还有轻读音节的词押韵。）(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvvanquishablenumber.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?（[θi:ˈɔɡəni]

神谱,神统系,记述神的史诗）

Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?b)MasculineRhyme（阳韵:单音节词和重读在后的双音节或更多音节的词押韵。）2021/5/918d)MonosyllabicRhyme（单音节韵）:Hourtour;

nowknow

;

dear

bear;

savehave

e)BisyllabicRhyme（双音节韵）

:f)TrisyllabicRhyme（三音节韵）

:g)Eyerhyme（眼韵）:I

/fly

;

fool

/rule

;

write

/

fight;

again

/

remain/sustainborrow/sorrow

;

daughter/water

;

conversation

/compensationRoman

/noman

;

know

it

/showitbeautiful

/dutiful

;

think

ofit

/drinkofit2021/5/9199.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（连续韵）:Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,

aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,

bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b2021/5/9202)abab（交叉韵）:Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.a

Upintheairsoblue?

bOh,Idothinkitthepleasantestthing

a

Everachildcando!b2021/5/9213)abba（首尾韵）:Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;aIfeelit

whenIsorrowmost;

b’Tisbettertohavelovedandlost

bThannevertohavelovedatall.a2021/5/9224)abcb（二四韵）:Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.

b

Astanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boundtogetherbyanendrhyme.

ffppt10.Stanza:2021/5/92311.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet（意大利体十四行诗）2)SpenserianSonnet（斯宾塞体十四诗）3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）2021/5/9241)ItalianSonnet(FrancescoPetrarch)Thepoetryofearthisneverdead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehotsun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewillrun

bFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mownmead;

aThatistheGrasshopper’s---hetakestheleadaInsummerluxury,---hehasneverdonebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwithfunbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasantweed.aThepoetryofearthisceasingnever:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthefrostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethereshrillseTheCricket’ssong,inwarmthincreasingever,

cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalflost,dTheGrasshopper’samongsomegrassyhills.

eanoctave+asestet2021/5/9252)SpenserianSonnet(EdmundSpenser)3quatrains+acoupletForloemylovedothinherselfecontainebAllthisworld’srichesthatmayfarrebefound.cIfsaphyres,loehereyesbesaphyresplaine:bIfrubies,loeherlipsberubiessound;

cIfpearls,herteethbepearlsbothpureandround;cIfyvorie,herforeheadyvoryweene;dIfgold,herlocksarefinestgoldonground;c

Ifsilver,herfairhandsaresilversheene.

dButthatwhichfairestis,butfewbehold:eHermind,adornedwithvertuesmanifold.

eYetradefullmerchants,thatwithwearytoyleaDoseekenostpretiousthingstomakeyourgain,

bAndboththeIndiansoftheirtreasuresspoile,aForloemylovedothinherselfecontaine

b2021/5/9263)ShakespearianSonnetShakespearSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;dAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,cBychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d.

d3quatrai