临沂师范学院高级英语核心词汇

临沂师范学院高级英语核心词汇

PartII

（适用于非外语专业08级本科、09级专升本、07级2+2）

外国语学院

2010年3月

Unit13

esteem[is*ti：m]①〃.尊敬；②P.尊敬，尊重

【搭配】n.gain(get)theesteemof赢得…的尊敬

n.haveagreatesteemfor对…大为敬佩

n.holdsbinhigh/grcatesteem极其尊重某人

n.holdsbinlowesteem不尊重某人

【近义】①〃.account,admiration,approval,consideration,honor

②ladmire,hallow,respect,revere,venerate,worship

【反义】v.abuse,despise,disregard,disrespect,ridicule

esthetic[i:sHetik]c美学的，审美的

【扩展】esthetical[i:s6etikol]以美术的,审美的

esthetician[i^Oi'tiJan]〃.美学家

estheticism[Ws'Betisizom]〃.唯美主义，审美派

esthetics[i:sf0etiks]〃,美学

ethic[七做]〃.伦理;道德;伦理学

【扩展】ethical[七的创。.伦理的，民族的

ethicallyfeGikli]-伦理(学)上

cthicist['cOisist]〃.伦理学家

ethics['eOiks]几道德规范

etiquette[eti*ket,'etiket]e礼仪，礼节，成规

【近义】n.manners,convention,customs,courtesy,decorum

estimate[restimeit]①〃.估计,估价;②乂估计，估价，评价

【扩展】estimation[esti*mei/on]〃.判断，估计，尊重

estimable['cstimabl]a.可尊敬的，可估计的

【搭配】v.estimateat估计有

v.estimatein以…衡量

n.byestimate据估计

n.fbrm/makeanestimateof给…做一估计;评价

【近义】②上appraise,approximate,assess,evaluate,gauge

【反义]②Lmisjudge

eternal[i(：)匕:nl]a.永恒的;永远的;无穷的;不灭的

【扩展】eternally[i'toznoli]不朽地，永久地

eternity匕:niti]几永远，来世，不朽

【近义】a.ceaseless,everlasting,perpetual,incessant,permanent

【反义】a.brief,ephemeral,momentary,transient,temporary

evacuate[iVsckjucit]乂抽空;清除;避难，转移，撤离

【扩展】evacuative[i'v史kjueit]a.搬空的

evacuation[i,v2ekju'eij9n]〃.撤离，疏散

【近义】v.abandon,depart,remove,clear,purge,quit,rid

【反义】v.enter,fill,load,occupy

evade[i'veid]y.逃避，躲避

【扩展】cvadablc[Tvcidobl]。.可逃脱的，可逃避的，可回避的

evader[i'vcido(r)]〃.逃避者,逃避物

evasion[i*vei3on]〃.逃避，籍口

evasive[i'vcisiv]。.逃避的，回避的,托辞的

【近义】v.dodge,avoid,escape,elude,shelter,sheer

【反义】v.confront,face,meet

evaporate[i'vseporeit]已蒸发，失去水分，消失

【扩展】evaporability[i^aeporo'bibti]〃.挥发性，可蒸发性

evaporable[i'v卸0r0b1]几可蒸发掉的，易蒸发的，挥发性的

evaporation[i^jepo'reijan]〃.蒸发，脱水，干燥

evaporative[i\aeparotiv]o•成为蒸气的，蒸发的

【近义】v.dehydrate,vaporize,vanish,volatilize

【反义】v.dampen,soak,wet

evoke[i'vouk]y.唤起,引起;使人想起

【扩展】evocable['evokobl]。.可召唤的，可追忆的

evocation[^vou'keijon]〃.唤起，回忆，追忆

evocative[i'vakotiv]a唤出的，唤起的

【近义】v.arouse,awaken,call,produce,recall

evolve[i'volv]已进展，进化，展开

【扩展】evolution[jivalujsn,,ev9-]儿进化，发展，进展

evolutional〃.进化的,进展的

evolutionary[JivoluJ'onori]a.发展的，展开的

evolutionismLkvo'lujonizom]〃.进化论

evolutionist[Jrvg'ljuJsnist]〃.进化论者

evolutive[,i:varlu:tiv,'ev-]促进发展的，促进进化的

【搭配】evolvefrom由…进化

evolveinto发展（进化）成

evolveoutof从...发展而来

【近义】v.advance,develop,grow,derive,mature

【反义】v.degenerate,decrease,halt

excel[ik'sel]必胜过;优于;诚突出;超常

【扩展】excellent['eksahnt]。.极好的,优秀的

【搭配】excelin胜过;在…方面很擅长

【近义】v.surpass,exceed,surmount,transcend

exceptional[ik^sepjonl]aM外的,异常的，优越的

【扩展】exception[iVscpJon]〃.例外

exceptionally[ik'sepjsnsli]ad.例外地，非常地,极端地

【近义】a.aberrant,abnonnal,difierent,remarkable,unusual

[反义]mon,ordinary,normal,regular,usual

excerpt「cks0：pt]〃.&摘录，摘要

【扩展】excerption[ek，so:pJon]〃.选录,精华录，抄录

【近义】n.selection,digest,docket,epitome,resume,summary

n.&v,extract,abstract,v.cite,quote

excess[ik^es,'ekses]〃.多余，无节制,超额;a.超额的，剩余的

【扩展】excessive[iksesiv]a过多的，过分的

excessively[ik'sesivli]ad.过分地，过度地

【搭配】inexcessof超过，多余

n.toexcess过度，过分

【近义】n.&a.suq）ius,leftover,remainder,remnant

n.surfeit,overabundance,redundancy,a.residual

[反义]n.dearth,defect,poverty

a.deficient,meager

execution[,eksi'kju:Jan]n.死刑,处决;实施;执行;履行

【扩展】executable['eksikju:tobl]a.可执行的

execute['eksikju:t]v.实行，执行，完成

executive[ig*zekjutiv]a.行政的；n.执行者，主管

【搭配】carry/putintoexecution实行，实施，执行

doexecution奏效

【近义】n.administration,enactment,implementation,performance

exempt[ig'zempt]e免除的，豁免的;w.免除，豁免

【扩展】exemption[ig'zcmpjbn]〃.免除

【搭配】W.exemptfrom免除

【近义】a.immune,free

v.absolve,release,discharge,relieve

【反义】pel,oblige

exotic[igzotik]a.外来的;不熟悉的;奇异的;不寻常的

【扩展】exotica[ig'zotiks]〃.异族事物，新奇事物

exoticism[ig*zotisizsm]〃.外来事物，异国情调

【近义】a.alien,extraneous,unusual,foreign

【反义】a.familiar,native,indigenous

expedition[,ekspi*dij'on]e远征，探险队;迅速

【扩展】expedite['ekspidait]加快,促进;4畅通无阻的,快速的

expeditious[ekspi'dijos]a.迅速的，敏捷的

expeditiouslyLekspidjosli]nd.敏捷地，迅速地

[近义]n.journey,exploration,excursion,adventure

expend[ikSpcnd]%花费;使用;耗费

【扩展】expendable[iks^endobl]0.可消费的;〃.消耗品

expense[ik'spens]〃.消费，支出

expensive[iks'pensiv]a.昂贵的

expensively[iks'pensivli]ad,昂贵地，高价地

【近义】v.spend,devote,consume

【反义】v.hold,keep,save

expenditure[iksrpcnditjo,cks-]n.支出,花费;消费

【近义】n.cost,consumption,expense

【反义】/Lrevenue,earnings,income

expertise[,ekspo'ti:z]n.专家的意见，专门技术

【扩展】expert[*ekspo:t]a.熟练的，内行的;水专家，能手

expertly[^kspatli]ad熟练地，巧妙地

【近义】n.craft,knack,mastery,skill,technique

expire[iks'paio,eks-]限期满，终止;y.呼气，断气

【扩展】expiration[,ekspaia'rei；0n]〃.呼出，呼气，终止

expiratory[iks'paiorstari]0,吐气的,呼气的

expiry[iks'paisri]〃.逾期

【近义】v.terminate,end,die,exhale

【反义】v.inspire,inhale,begin,initiate

expositionGeksp^zijon]e说明;暴露;展览会

【扩展】expose[ik^pauz]叽暴露，揭穿，陈列

expositive[ik*spozitiv]a.说明的，解释的

expositor[eks'pozits]〃.解释者,讲解员

expository[iks'pozi3ori]。.说明的,解释的

exposure[iks'pouSs]〃.暴露，揭露，曝光

【近义】n.account,description,exhibition,fair

exquisite「ekskwizit]〃.精致的;细腻的;敏锐的;居i]烈的

【扩展】exquisitely[eklkwizitli]ad.精巧地，敏锐地

【近义】a.delicate,elaborate,elegant,graceful,fine

【反义】a.coarse,crude,cursory,imperfect,ragged,rough

extinct[iks'tigkt]a.熄灭的，绝种的;n.消灭，熄灭

【扩展】extinction[ikstiokjon]〃.消失，消减，废止

extinctive[ik*stir）ktiv]为使消减的

【近义】a.archaic,inactive,obsolete,

【反义】a.alive,living,extant

extract[ikst侬kt]”拔出，抽出;吸取;摘录;〃.摘录，精华

[扩展]extraction[iks^rsekjon]n,抽出，取出;抽出物

【近义】v.derive,educe,elicit,remove

n.&v,abstract,expert,n.quotation,citation,selection

【反义】v.add,insert

extravagant[ikstavogont]&过度的，过分的;奢侈的，浪费的

【扩展】extravagance[ik^traevogsns]〃.奢侈,浪费;放肆的言行

extravagantly[ik^trsevogontli]a-挥霍无度地

【近义】a.wastefill,lavish,improvident,prodigal

【反义】a.thrifty,economical,moderate

fable[隹ibl]〃.寓言，神话，传说

【近义】n,fantasy,legend,myth,story,tale

【反义】n.fact,truth

fabricate[ffebrikeit]乂制造，建造，装配;虚构

【扩展】fabric[恤brik]〃.织物;布;结构

fabrication[^bri^eijon]〃.制造，建造，虚构的谎言

fabricator[*fcbrikcit0（r）]〃.制作者，假造者,杜撰者

fabricant[•faebrikont]〃.制造商

【近义】v.make,manufacture,fbrgc,fake

【反义】v.destroy,demolish,ruin,wrek

fabulous「在bjulos]〃.传说的，无根据的，难以置信的

【扩展】fabulously[faebjuLsli]难以置信地,惊人地

【近义】a.fictitious,imaginary,inconceivable,legendary,unbelievable

【反义】mon,normal,ordinary

facet[联esit]几面;方面;小平面

【近义】n.angle,aspect,feature,side

faction「设kjbn]〃.派别;宗派;小集团

【近义】n.bloc,coalition,combination,sect

factual[%ktjuH]a事实的，真实的

【扩展】factualism['fsektjuolizsm]儿尊重事实，忠实于事实

factuality[,fcktju*a:liti]〃.真实性

factually[^ktjuoli]od事实上

【近义】a.genuine,sooth,substantial,true

【反义】a.illusory,false,fictitious,untrue

falter[%：㈣乂蹒跚;摇晃;犹豫;支吾

【近义】v.hobble,staggerjolt,limp,shamble,stumble,waddle

fanatic[fb'n&tik]a.狂热的，盲信的;〃.狂热者

【扩展】fhnaticalgnaetikd]o•狂热的

fanatically[fo*n®tikli]ad.狂热地，盲信地

fanaticism[fb'n史tisizom]〃.狂热，盲信

fanaticize[fb*naetisaiz]以使…成为狂热

【近义】a.frantic,fervent,feverish,crazy,hectic,rabid,wild

feast〃.宴会;节日；以盛宴款待

【搭配】〃.afeastofeyes眼福

n.makeafeastof/upon大吃，饱吃

v.feaston大吃大喝，享受美食

v.feastaway在欢宴中度过

【近义】n.banquet,festival,holiday,n.&v,fete

feat[fi:t]几功绩;武艺;技艺;功夫

【近义】n.achievement,deed,accomplishment

federation[^cdaYciJon]〃.联邦，联合，同盟

【扩展】federate[Yedorit]a同盟的，联合的；上使联合，同盟

federative['fedorotiv]a联合的，联邦的

【近义】n.alliance,association,league,union

feeblea.虚弱的，无力的,薄弱的

【扩展】feebleminded['fiibl'maindid]a.精神薄弱的，意志薄弱的

feebleness[*fi:blnis]〃.弱，微弱

feebly['fi:bli]ad.贫乏地，虚弱地

【近义】a.flabby,frail,impotent,infirm,weak

【反义】a.powerful,robust,solid,strong

fellowship[,febu/ip]几伙伴关系;交情;友谊;研究员资格

【扩展】fellow[*febu]〃.朋友,同事;。・同伴的，同事的

【近义】n.association,companionship,friendship,league,sociality

feminine[泥minin]e女性的

【扩展】femininity[femi'niniti]〃.女性特质，温柔，柔弱性

feminism「fbminizom]儿男女平等主义，女权运动

feminist[^minist]几女权主义者;a.男女平等主义的

feminize[^minaiz]以女性化，具有女性风度

【近义】a.distaffeffeminate,female,womanish,womanly

【反义】a.masculine,male

fencing「fbnsi巾〃,篱笆，栅栏;击剑

【扩展】fence[fens]〃.栅栏,围墙;上用篱笆围住，防护

fencer['fenso]〃.剑客,击剑者

fend[fbnd]y.供养,照料;挡开，避开

【搭配】fendoff挡开防止阻止

fendfor照料

fendfbroneself白谋生计，独立生活

【近义】v.defend,parry,protect,safeguard,shield

【反义】v,surrender,yield

ferocious[fb'rouj'os]a.凶猛的，野蛮的

【扩展】ferociously[fbWosli]ad.野蛮地，残忍地

【近义】a.fierce,savage,barbarian,inhuman,rude,wild

【反义】a.gentle,mild,tame,tender

ferry[Teri]几渡船，渡口；渡运，运送

【扩展】ferryboat[fbribout]〃.渡船

ferryman['feriman]儿摆渡者,渡船夫

【搭配】〃.by色rry乘渡船

fiddle[-fldl]〃.小提琴;欺诈,欺骗；上虚度时光;篡改;骗取

【扩展】fiddler['fidlo]〃.拉小提琴的人;小提琴家;胡乱拨弄者

fiddlestick['fidlstik]〃.拉提琴的弓;无聊事，琐事

【搭配】v.fiddleabout/around虚度光阴;摆弄，玩弄

v.fiddleaway浪费(时间等)

v.fiddlewith乱动，搬弄

fidelity[fi'deliti]〃.忠诚,忠实;逼真

【近义】n.allegiance,faith,fealty,loyalty

【反义】n.disloyalty,infidelity,lying,treachery

fiery[痴泡a炽热的;热烈的;暴躁的

【扩展】fierily['faisrili]ad.如火地，炽热地,猛烈地

【近义】a.drastic,intemperate,flaming,irritable,violent

【反义】a.icy,frigid,impassive

filth闻0]〃.污秽，污物

【扩展】filthy阳叨山污秽的,丑恶的

【近义】n.dirt,contamination,grime,muck

【反义】n.cleanliness,purity,sterility

finite有限的限定的

【近义】a.bounded,limited,confined

【反义】a.infinite,endless,infinite,interminable

Exercises

I.Spellthefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirdefinitionsandfirstlettersgiven.

1.ea.originatinginaforeigncountry,esp.oneinthetropics;notnative

2.fn.aclique(oftensecret)thatseekspowerusuallythroughintrigue

3.fn,ashortmoralstory,esp.onewithanimalsascharacters

4.en,specialskill,knowledge,orjudgment;expertness

5.fn.aceremonialdinnerpartyformanypeople

6.fn.anotableachievement

7.fa.boundedinmagnitudeorspatialortemporalextent

8.en.rulesgoverningsociallyacceptablebehavior

9.panionship;friendship

10.fn.anyleague,alliance,orconfederacy

11.fa.almostunbelievable;astounding;legendary

ILFillinthetableandthenchoosesomewordstocompletethefollowingsentences.Change

theformwherenecessary.

VerbNounAdjective

evacuate

evade

evoke

evaporate

evolve

execution

expire

expedition

expend

1.Theliquidexpands,orinotherwordsbecomeslessdense;someofit.

2.Doyouknowabouttheofaseedintoaplant?

3.ChildrenwerefromLondontoescapethebombing.

4.Wehavedevelopedrapidorderprocessingtodeliveriestocustomers.

5.Sheistryingtoallresponsibilityforherbehavior.

6.TheyasenseofthefraternityandhumanitythatisattheheartoftheGames.

7.Mikejustdiscoveredthathispassporthadthreemonthsago.

8.Theydrewupandaplantoreducefuelconsumption.

9.Sheallhereffortsonthecareofhomeandchildren.

10.Thecompanyhasintoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.

11.Hernewbookiswonderfullyofvillagelife.

12.Hebuiltupthebusinessattheofhishealth.

III.Choosetherightwordstocompletethefollowingsentences.Changetheformif

necessary.

estimate/estimation

1.ShewentupinmywhenIdiscoveredhowmuchcharityworkshedoes.

2.Thedealistobewortharound$1.5million.

eternal/eternally

3.Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof

love.

4.Filbegratefultoyouforthis.

exceptional/exception

5.Mostofthebuildingsinthetownaremodern,butthechurchisan.

6.Attheageoffiveheshowedtalentasamusician.

extinct/extinction

7.Themountaingorillaisonthevergeof.

8.Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhave

become.

extract/extraction

9.Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafewfromthenovel.

10.HeisanAmericanofHungarian.

extravagant/extravagance

11.Goingtothetheatreisouronly.

12.Executivesofthecompanyenjoyedanlifestyleoffreegifts,finewinesandhigh

salaries.

fabricate/fabrication

13.Herstorywasacompletefromstarttofinish.

14.Theyevidenceandthreatenedwitnesses.

IV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsinthisunit.Thefirstletterofeachwordisgiventohelp

you.

1.ThedocumentwasefromanunidentifiedFBIfile.

2.Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso/thattheycandisappearatany

moment.

3.Profitistheeofsalesovercosts.

4.Thesunwasnowsinking,a/balloflightinthewest.

5.Weshouldnotonlytalkaboutthewife's/toherhusband.

6.Somepeopleprefernottousethe/form'actress'andusetheword'actor'for

bothsexes.

7.Thisstudyrepresentsamajoreoftimeandeffort.

8.IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow/andextravagant

arealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

9.Theessaycontainsanumberof/errors.

10.Hisvoicebeganto/atthementionofhissufferingsintheolddays.

11.Hehadto/forhimselffromtheageoftwelve.

12.Thousandsofpassengersare/acrosstherivereveryday.

13.Rick'scookingwasalwaysgoodbutthistimehereallyehimself.

14.He/awaythemorningwithnecessarytasks.

Tip

RegularReading

Ifyouwanttoimproveyourvocabularythenyouneedtobecomeanavidreader;Most

vocabularyislearnedbyreadingtextbooks,novelsandotherliterature.Themoreyouread,the

fasteryouwillbuildyourvocabulary.Tryreadingondifferenttopics,withdifferentreading

materials.However,thereisavitalstrategytoreadinginordertobuildyourvocabulary.Evenif

youreadeverythinginyourlocallibrary,yourvocabularywillnotincreasealotifyoudonotuse

thecorrectreadingstrategy.

Thekeytobuildingyourvocabularythroughreadingistofigureoutthemeaningofthe

difficultwordsthatyouencounter.Todiscovertheirmeaningyoucanlookthemupinadictionary.

However,muchofthevocabularyyouHllearninlifewon'tcomefromreadingthedictionary.

Oftenyou,llfigureoutwhatthesewordsmeanbyhowtheyareusedinthetextyouarereading.

Mostliteratureincludescontextcluestothemeaningsofwordsthatsomereadersmaynotknow.

Thecontextclueismostoftenpresentedinthesentenceorparagraphwherethewordislocated.

Unit14

fireworks『faiow^ks]〃.[复数]烟花，焰火;激烈争论

【扩展】firebrand[,faiobr«nd]〃.火把，煽风点火者

firecracker[*faiokr2eko(r)]〃.爆竹，鞭炮

firefighter「fhi0fhito]几消防人员

fireflyffaioflai]〃.萤火虫

fireman['fai^mon]〃.消防队员

fireplace['faiopleis]耀.壁炉

fireproof['faiopruif）耐火的，防火的；也使耐火,使防火

firewoodffaiowud]九火柴，燃材。

fitting芮刖]①&适合的，恰当的；②儿装置，设备

【扩展】fit[fit]a.适宜的;上适合，安装;〃.适宜，一致

fitlyffitli]ad.恰当地，适合地

fittingly['fitirjli]适切地，适合地

fittings['fitiqs]〃.（常用复数）家具，设备

【近义】①a.suitable,proper,apt,appropriate

【反义】①a.unfitting,unsuitable,improper,inappropriate

fixture[fkstj司儿固定装置

【近义】n.apparatus,appliance,attachment,device

flake[fleik]〃.小薄片，小碎片;火花;y.使成薄片，削，剥

【搭配】v.flakeoff剥落

v.flakeout精疲力竭，昏昏入睡

【近义】n.lamella,pellicle,sheet,section

n.&v,peel,slice,v.chip,delaminate,pare

flank[fl«gk]几肋腹，侧面;此攻击侧面，面临着

【扩展】flanker[•flaegks]二侧面部队，侧面堡垒，侧冲

【搭配】n.inflank在侧面，在侧翼

turnsb'sflank从侧翼包抄;智胜某人;驳倒某人

【近义】n.haunch,side,sector

flap[fl卸]〃.拍打，拍打声;上拍打，鼓翼而飞，飘动

【扩展】flappable['flaspabl]a.容易兴奋的，易于烦乱的

【近义】v.&n.tap,flutter,flicker,vibrate,wave

flare[fko]乂&〃•闪光，闪耀

【扩展1flareback[•fleobsek]几逆火，激烈的反驳

【搭配】flareup突然燃烧起来，突然发怒

【近义】v.&n,glare,shine,blaze,flash

flask[fla:sk]〃.细颈瓶,小水瓶

【扩展】flasket['fla:skit]〃.小瓶，小细颈瓶

flatter[^to]w.过分夸赞，奉承，谄媚

【扩展】flatterer['flaet9r9（r）]〃.阿谀者,谄媚者

flatteringly['flaetsrigli]ad.奉承地，讨好地

flattery「fl史匕ri]几谄媚，阿谀，巴结

【搭配Jflatteroneself洋洋自得，自以为是

【近义】v.adulate,blandish,compliment,fawn

【反义】v.belittle,castigate,condemn,denounce

flaw[fl3：]〃.裂隙，缺点，一阵狂风;y.（使）破裂,（使）有缺陷

【扩展】flawlessCfloilis]a.完美的，无瑕疵的

【近义】n.blemish,fault,defect,imperfection,defect

【反义】n.merit,advantage,virtue

flexible['flekssbl]。.灵活的，易弯曲的，柔韧的

【扩展】flexibilityLfleks+biliti]〃.灵活性,柔韧性

flexibly['fleksobli]易曲地，柔软地,如意地

【近义】a.agile,clastic,nimble,pliable

【反义】a.inflexible,rigid,boorish,sluggish

flick[flik]几快速地轻打,弹开;乂轻弹，轻轻拂去，忽然摇动

【搭配】认flickout猛然伸出不经意抛掉

v.flickoff弹去

v.flickover迅速翻开

v.flickaway弹去

【近义】v.&n,flip,tap,v.chuck,lap,lick

flicker[,fliko]九&认（鸟）扑动翅膀（烛光）摇曳闪烁

【扩展】flickeringly「flik3rmii]闪烁地，摇曳地，•闪,闪地

【搭配】flickerout（火光）摇戋地熄火，逐渐平息

【近义】v.&n,flutter,flare,glimmer,twinkle,sparkle,shimmer

v.waver,vibrate

fling[flig]乂&儿猛投;猛冲;扔，掷;嘲笑

【搭配】v.flingat扔向

v.flingabout跳来跳去;抛散

v.flingaside/away抛弃,丢掉;愤然离去

V.flinginto突然冲进;投入;急速派遣

p.flingoff甩掉;挫败;急冲冲地突然跑开

v.flingout用力抛出;出言不逊

v.flingup舍弃抛弃

【近义】n.&v,hurl,throw,flip,v.cast,pitch,toss

flip[flip]①.掷;击;弹；②。.无礼的;轻率的

【扩展】flippancy['fliponsi]〃.无礼，言语尖刻

flippant[•flipant]轻率的，没礼貌的

【搭配】v.Hipout十分气愤;异常激动;神志不清

v.flipover翻倒;翻转

v.flipthrough浏览;草草翻阅

【近义】cast,pitch,toss,v.&n.fling,flick

②impudent,brash,presumptuous,saucy

flirt或调情;不认真地对待（或考虑）

【扩展】flirtation[fhftcij'on]〃,调情，挑逗，调戏

flirtatious[flo/tcijos]a.调情的

【搭配】flirtwith和…调情

【近义】v.banter,coquet,tease

flit[flit]y.&〃.迁徙，迅速飞过，掠过

【扩展】flitterCflito]〃.飞翔者;以翩翩地飞来飞去

【近义】v.migrate,dart,fleet,whisk

float[flgut]皿使）漂浮,（使）漂流;〃.漂流物

【扩展】floatability[,fbot0rbiloti]〃.漂浮性

floatable['floutobl]。.可漂浮的，可浮起的

【近义】v.drift,waft,glide

【反义】v.sink

floral以花似的，花的，植物的

【扩展】flora「flog]〃.植物

floriculture[，fh:rfkAltJ司〃.种花，栽培花卉

floriferous[flozYifbros]。.有花的，开花的,多花的

【近义】a.blossomy,flowery,botanic

flu[flu:]（全称为influenza）〃.流行性感冒

【近义】n.ailment,illness,indisposition,malady,sickness

fluctuateCflAktjueit]已流动;（使）起伏;（使）动摇

【扩展】fluctuant[^Aktjuont]。.变动的，波动的,起伏的

fluctuation[^Aktju'ciJ'on]〃.波动，起伏

【近义】v.vacillate,change,swing,waver

fluorescent[fluo'resant]。•发荧光的溶光焕发的

【扩展】fluoresce[fluo'res]也发荧光

fluorescence[fluaYesns]〃.发荧光，荧光

【近义】a.effulgent,incandescent,luminous,radiant

flush[flA；]几脸红;茂盛;〃.齐平的;满盈的;y.脸发红，淹没，旺盛

【近义】n.bloom,freshness,ruddincss

a.affluent,blooming,florid,ruddy,lavish

v.blush,crimson,mantle,redden,elate

【反义】a.ashen,rough,uneven,pale

flutterpflAta]乂&〃.（使）飘动;（使）摆动;鼓翼;烦扰

【搭配】〃.allinaflutter心慌意乱

n.cause/makeagreatflutter轰动一时

n.fallintoafluttei•心绪不宁，陷于极度紧张

n.put/throwsbinafluttei"使某人忐忑不安

v.flutterabout坐立不安

v.flutterdown鼓翅而下，飘摇而降

【近义】v.&n.shake,wave,flicker,flap

foam[fbum]〃.泡沫;y.起泡沫

【扩展】foamy[•fbumi]泡沫的，满是泡沫的

【近义】n.lather,spray,spume,suds

n.&v,bubble,froth,simmer

foe[必u]〃.反对者，敌人

【扩展】focman['fsumgn]〃.敌兵，敌人

【近义】n.enemy,adversary,opponent,rival,archenemy

【反义】〃.friend,ally,confidant

foil[foil]乂衬托，阻止，挡开;机箔，烘托，衬托

【近义】v.balk,thwart,frustrate,hinder

【反义】v.abet,aid,assist,help

foliage,叶子（总称）

【近义】n.frondescence,leaf^vegetation

ford[fb:d]〃.浅滩;此涉水，涉过

【近义】v.cruise,transverse,transit,navigate

fore[fo:;fos]〃.前部;在前的，以前的;S在前面;prep.在前

【扩展】forebear[*fo:bs9]n.祖先，祖宗

fbrecast['fb:ka:st]认&〃.预测，预报

forefront['forfrAnt]〃.最前部,最前线

forego[fb:'gou]乂放弃，在…之前，居先

foreman['fo:man]〃.领班，工头，陪审长

foresight['fo:sait]〃.远见，深谋远虑

foretell[fo:'tel]以预言，预告，预示

【搭配】n.atthefore（信号旗）悬在前桅上;在最前

it.bringtothefoe使...处于显要地位;使...起积极作用

etothefbe走到前面来;涌现出来

n.tothefbe在前面;在显著地位

【近义】ad,ahead,antecedently,beforehand,fbrward

【反义】a.&ad.back,a.hind,hinder,ad.aft

foreground[ffo：graund]〃.前景,最显著的位置，[计算机]前台

【反义】n.background,back,rear

foremost[Tormaust]o•第一的;最初的;最重要的;首先

【搭配】firstandforemost首先,首要地

【近义】a.important,prime,a.&ad.first,ad.primarily

forerunner[To：,rAno]

【扩展】forerun[fo:'rAn]吐.预告，预报，预示

【近义】〃•precursor,herald,harbinger

foresee义预见，预知

[扩展]foreseeable[fo:'si:obl]a.可预见到的

【近义】v.anticipate,presage,predict,prognosticate,prophesy

forgery['fo：d39ri]〃.伪造,伪造罪，伪造物

【扩展】fbrge.熔炉，铁工厂;乂打制，想出，伪造

forger['fo:d3a(r)]几伪造者，腐造者;铁匠

【近义】n.counterfeit,fake,sham,fabrication,fraudulence

formidable['fonnidsbl]强大的，可怕的，难克服的

【扩展】formidably['fonnidobli]可怕地,强大地

【近义】a.afraid,awesome,awful,dire,dreadful,eerie,hideous

【反义】a.aflfeblc,cordial,friendly,amiable

formulate[Yonnjuleit]也用公式表示;明确地表达;阐明

【扩展】formula[Toimjulg]儿公式，配方，规则

fbrmularize[Toimjuhraiz]y.使公式化，有系统阐述

formularyffoimjulori]。.规定的，公式的;几公式集

formulation[jfbimju'lei/sn]几形成;简洁陈述;公式化

【近义】v.explain,clarify,elucidate,illuminate,illustrate

forsake[0seik]y.放弃，断念，抛弃

【近义】vt.abandon,desert,jettison,reject,renounce,repudiate

【反义】tect,preserve,conserve

forthcoming[fo:0fkAmig]a.即将到来的，可得到的

【近义】a.accessible,approaching,imminent,prospective

【反义】a.bygone,distant,past

fortress[Txtris]勿•堡垒，要塞

【扩展】fbrt九堡垒，要塞

【近义】n.castle,fort,stronghold,citadel,garrison

fortune['foitjon]〃.运气;命运;财富

【扩展】fortunate['fortjsnit]&幸运的,侥幸的

fortunately[Yortjanotli]4d.幸运地，幸亏

fortuneless[To^J'anlis]。.不幸的

fortuneteller['fb：tf9n,tel9]〃.算命者,占卜者

【搭配】beingoodfortune运气好

beinbadfortune运气坏

comeintoafortune继承一大笔财产

havethefortunetodo幸而...(做)...

makeone'sfortune发财致富

tellsb'sfortune给某人算命

runafortune冒风险

tryone'sfortune碰运气

【近义】n.luck,fate,affluence,opulence,treasure,wealth

【反义】n.hardship,misfortune,poverty

foster['fost^]y.收养,养育;a.收养的，养育的

【扩展】fosterage[TostaridS]〃.寄养，领养，助长，促进

fosterer[Yostar^r）]〃.养育者,鼓励者

【近义】v.adopt,raise,rear,cherish

foul[faul]G.污秽的，邪恶的;乂弄脏，妨碍，污蔑

【扩展】fbully「fauni]〃d.卑鄙地

fbulmouthed['faulmauGd]a.口出粗俗的，出言不逊的

foulness[*faulnis]〃.纠缠，卑鄙

【搭配】a.befbulwith给…弄脏

a.fall/go/runfoulof（船只）…相撞;同…冲突

【近义】a.filthy,nasty,grubby,obscene,sordid

fracture['friektja]几&乂（使）折断;（使）破碎

【扩展】fraction[Yraekjon]几分数，小部分，片断

【近义】v.break,cleavage,crack,rupture,crack

fragile[*frasd3ail]a.脆的;虚弱的;易碎的;易毁坏的

【扩展】fragility[fro'dSiliti]〃.脆弱，虚弱

【近义】a.frail,brittle,feeble,weak

【反义】a.tough,sturdy,strong,firm

fragrance[Geigrons]/i.芬芳;香气

【近义】n.scent,aroma,redolence,spice

【反义】n.stench,stink,fetor,malodor

fragrantffreigront]&芬芳的，馥郁的;愉快的

【扩展】fragrantly['freigrsntli]芬香地，愉快地

【近义】a.aromatic,balmy,sweet,odorous,odoriferous

【反义】a.fetid,noxious,putrid,stale

frail[fi>eil]0.脆弱的;虚弱的

【扩展】frailly[freili]ad.脆弱地，不坚实地

frailty['freilti]n.脆弱，意志薄弱

【近义】a.brittle,fragile,flimsy,weak,delicate

[反义】a.tough,robust,firm,strong

frantic[任普疝幻「疯狂的;狂乱的;狂怒的

【扩展】frantically[•fraentikali]ad.狂暴地，疯狂似地

【近义】a.crazy,frenetic,insane,mad,maniac,rabid

【反义】a.calm,collected,composed,docile,tranquil

fraternity[fro^niti]〃.友爱，互助会,兄弟会

【扩展】fraternal。.兄弟般的

fraternally[fro'toinli]ad.兄弟似地

fraternization[^aetonai'zeijon;-ni*z-]〃.结有深交

fraternize['frsetainaiz]乂结有深交，友善

【近义】〃.afiliation,brotherhood,association,frat

frenzyffrenzi]〃.狂暴;发狂;狂怒

【近义】n.anger,fury,outrage,rage,wrath

【反义】n.calmness,peace,composure,tranquility

fret（使）烦恼;（使）不满或烦躁

【扩展】fretftilWetftil]。.烦躁的，焦躁的

fretfully[Yretfoli]ad.焦躁地，焦急地

【搭配】fretaway在烦恼中度过

fretover为…着急

【近义】v.annoy,agonize,provoke,worry,vex

【反义】v.appease,pacify,placate,soothe

friction[Won]儿摩擦(力);不和，抵触，冲突

【扩展】frication[fri'keijon]〃.摩擦

fricativeffrikotiv]由摩擦产生的，摩擦音的;〃.摩擦音

frictional['frikjsnal].摩擦的

【近义】n.abrasion,attrition,discord,disharmony

【反义】n.agreement,harmony,peace

fringe[frinds]〃.边缘,流苏;a附加的，额外的

【扩展】fringyffrindSi]。.穗状的，有穗状缘饰的

【近义】n.border,brink,edge,margin,rim,verge

Exercises

I.Writeoutthewordsyouhavelearnedinthisunitaccordingtothemeaningsgivenbelow.

1.resemblingormadeoforsuggestiveofflowers

2.firstintime,place,rank,etc

3.toseeorknowbeforehand

4.anobjectfirmlyfixedinplace,esp.ahouseholdappliance

5.theresistanceencounteredwhenonebodyismovedincontactwithanother

6.arousingorlikelytoinspirefearordread

7.anedgingconsistingofhangingthreads,tassels,etc

8.approachingintime

9.thegreenleavesofaplant

10.__________topromotethegrowthordevelopmentof

11.__________emittin