职称英语理工类a级模拟30

职称英语理工类A级模拟30

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Wewerealltherewhentheaccidentoccurred.

A.happenedB.brokeC.spreadD.appeared

2、Ittookmeexactlyaweektocompletethework.

A.doB.achieveC,improveD.finish

3、Heachievedsuccessthroughhardwork.

A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took

4、Theyhavemadeuptheirmiadtogiveupsmoking.

A.triedB.attemptedC.agreedD.decided

5、Theyhavegivenupthehopetosavetheirfriendsfromdrowning.

A.endedB.abandonedC.builtD.strengthened

6、Itissaidthatthehousealongthestreetwillbedemolished.

A.pulleddownB.rebuiltC.renovatedD.constructed

7、Thestaffsofthecompanyarealwayscourteousandhelpful.

A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.respectful

8、Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.resumedB.endedC.suspendedD.cancelled

9、Itispostulatedthatpopulationtrendshaveaneffectoneconomicfluctuations.

A.challengedB.assumedC.acceptedD.doubted

10>WhenJackeventuallyovertookthelasttruckhepulledovertotheinside

lane.

A.skippedB.passedC.reachedD.led

11>Adeadlydiseasehasaffectedtheseanimals.

A.contagiousB.seriousC.fatalD.worrying

12>WithimmensereliefzIstoppedrunning.

A.muchB.enormousC.littleD.extensive

13、Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.resumedB.putanendtoC.suspendedD.re-scheduled

14、Becauseofthepopularityoftheregion,itisadvisabletobookhotels

inadvance.

A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise

15、Theyareendeavoringtochangesocietyasawhole.

A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

MadScientistStereotypeOutdated

Dopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhas

theimageofthemadscientistchanged?TheInstituteofPhysicssetout

tofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysics*boffin*（科学家）stillexists

byconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentify

thephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percent

ofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleof

around60zwearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.

Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofallaveragephysicist

fiftyyearsago,therealityisnowverydifferentSince1960thenumber

ofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicist

isnow31.

Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecause

themediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoats

withglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations（等式）orworkingwith

fizzing（嘶嘶响）testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.

Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon11

seepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.They

simplydon*trelatetothemedia*simageofthemadscientist.

Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceat

university.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjects,

weneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmore

attractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren*sinterestinscience.

Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimagezanincreasingnumberofscience

festivalsarebeingorganized.Thousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschools

arealsoencouragedtotakepartintheinternational-widesciencecompetitions

ofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.Winningnational

teamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScience

Olympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountyeveryyear.Theseeventsare

allinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolvea

smallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseems

thatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjects

likecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.

16、Mostpeoplehavesimilarideasofwhataphysicistlookslike.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>ThemajorityofphysicistsinBritaintodayareCambridgegraduates.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Themediaandthecinemahaveplayedaroleinpromotingtheimageof

themadscientist.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Therewillbemorewomenscientiststhanmenscientistsinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Morechildrenwillstudyscienceifitbecomesmoreattractive.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Theimageofthemadscientistisreallyencouragingtosociety.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheInternationalScienceOlympiadsareheldonceeverytwoyears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3、4、5、6

段每段选择1个最佳标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最

佳选项。

HeartbeatofAmerica

1NewYork--theStatueofLiberty,theskyscraperszthebeautifulshops

onFifthAvenueandthemanytheatersonBroadway.ThisisAmerica*scultural

capital.Itisalsoherbiggestcity,withapopulationofnearly8million.

Inthesummeritishotzhotzhotandinthewinteritcanbeverycold.Still

therearehundredsofthingstodoandseealltheyearround.

2Manhattanistherealcenterofthecity.Whenpeoplesay"NewYork

City,ntheyusuallymeanManhattan.Mostoftheinterestingshops,buildings

andmuseumsarehere.Inaddition,ManhattanisthesceneofNewYork*sbusy

nightlife.In1605thefirstEuropeanscametoManhattanfromHolland.They

boughttheislandfromtheNativeAmericansforafewglassnecklacesworth

about$26today.

3WallStreetinManhattanisthefinancialheartoftheUSA.Itis

alsothemostimportantbankingcenterintheworld.Itisastreetof

"skyscrapers".Thesearethoseincredible,highbuildings,whichAmericans

invented,andbuiltfasterandhigherthananyoneelse.Perhapsthetwomost

spectacularskyscrapersinNewYorkarethetwotowersoftheNewYorkWorld

TradeCenter.Whenthesunsetsztheir110floorsshinelikepuregold.

4Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntrafficsystem（有自己的

交通设）.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.It*susuallyquickesttogobysubway.

TheNewYorksubwayiseasytouseandquitecheap.Thesubwaygoestoalmost

everycomerofManhattan.Butitisnotsafetotakethesubwaylateatnight

becauseinsomeplacesyoucouldgetrobbed.NewYorkbusesarealsoeasy

touse.Youseemoreifyougobybus.Therearemorethan30,000taxisin

NewYork.Theyareeasytosee,becausetheyarebrightyellowandcarrylarge

TAXIsigns.Taxisdonotgooutsidethecity.However,theywillgotothe

airports.Inadditiontothetaxifare,peoplegivethetaxidriveratip

of15percentofthefare*svalue.

5CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasisinthemiddleofNewYork*s

concretedesert.Itissurprisinglybig,withlakesandwoodszaswellas

organizedrecreationareas.NewYorkersloveCentralPark,andtheyuseit

allthetime.Inthewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummerroller-skating

Theyplayball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics.Theygobicyclingandboating.

Thereisevenachildren*szoo,withwildbirdsandanimals.

6AlongtheeastsideofCentralParkrunsFifthAvenue,oncecalled.

Inthe19thcentury,therichestmeninAmericabuilttheirmagnificenthomes

here.Itisstillthemostfashionablestreetinthecity,withfamousdepartment

stores.7BroadwayisthestreetwhereyouwillfindNewYork'sbest-known

theaters.ButawayfromthebrightlightsandelegantclothesofBroadway

aremanysmallertheaters.Theirplaysarecalled"off-BroadwayHandareoften

moreunusualthantheBroadwayshows.Aswellasmanytheaters,NewYorkhas

afamousoperahouse.ThisistheMetropolitan,whereinternationalstars

singfromSeptemberuntilApril.CarnegieHallisthecity*smorepopular

concerthall.ButnightlifeinNewYorkoffersmorethanclassicalmusic

andtheater.Therearehundredsofnightclubswherepeoplegotoeatanddance.

ATheFinancialCenterofUSA

BTheNightLifeinNewYork

CTheTrafficFacilitiesofNewYork

DShoppingCenterfortheRich

ENewYork--AnInternationalCity

FCentralPark--APlaceofRecreationfortheNewYorkers

23>Paragraph3

24、Paragraph4

25、Paragraph5

26>Paragraph6

Adowhatevertheylikeforrelaxation

Bwhereyoucanplayallkindsofballgames

CthantheworldfamousBroadway

Denjoythecolorfulnightlifeofthecity

Ewherethewealthypeoplewouldgoshopping

Fforwhatseemstobeaverysmallsumtoday

27、TheislandofManhattanwasboughtbytheHollandersfromthenative

Americans.

28>CentralParkisagoodplacewheretheNewYorkerscangoand.

29、FifthAvenueistheplace.

30、Forthoseplay-loverswhoareinterestedinwhatisunusualzthesmall

theatersmightbemoreattractive.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

箪——答

HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence

Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestion

foryears,butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemost

detailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence,

researcherssay.

Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatof

today,andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhat

simpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU.S.incorporated

theseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe"cosmic

darkages,"tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwould

eventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.

Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar--the

earlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse,andtheresearchers'

computersimulation,whichhasbeencalleda"cosmicRosettaStone"setsthe

barforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess.Thequestion

ofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsand

eventualexplosionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.

Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariations

inmatter,gases,andthemysterious"darkmatternoftheuniverseafter

theBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwith

amassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellar

gaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniverse

toformthisprotostar.

Dr.Yoshida'ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolve

intoamassivestarcapableofsynthesizingheavyelementsznotjustinlater

generationsofstar,butsoonaftertheBigBang.

"Thisgeneralpictureofstarformation,andtheabilitytocomparehow

stellarobjectsformindifferenttimeperiodsandregionsoftheuniverse,

n

willeventuallyallowinvestigationintotheoriginsoflifeandplanetsz

saidLarsHernquist,aProfessorofAstronomyatHarvardUniversityanda

coauthorofthislatestreport."Theabundanceofelementsintheuniverse

hasincreasedasstarshaveaccumulated,nhesays,nandtheformationand

destructionofstarscontinuestospreadtheseelementsfurtheracrossthe

universe.Sowhenyouthinkaboutitalloftheelementsinourbodiesoriginally

n

formedfromnuclearreactionsinthecentersofstarszlongago.

Theirsimulationofthebirthofaprotostarintheearlyuniversesignifies

akeysteptowardtheambitiousgoalofpiecingtogethertheformationof

anentireprimordialstarandofpredictingthemassandpropertiesofthese

firststarsoftheuniverse.Morepowerfulcomputers,morephysicaldata,

andanevenlargerrangewillbeneededforfurthercalculationsandsimulations,

buttheseresearchershopetoeventuallyextendthissimulationtothepoint

ofnuclearreactioninitiationwhenastellarobjectbecomesatruestar.

"Dr.Yoshidahastakenthestudyofprimordialstarformationtoanew

levelwiththissimulation,butitstillgetsusonlytothehalfwaypoint

towardsourfinalgoal.Itislikelayingthefoundationofaskyscraper,n

saidVolkerBromm,AssistantProfessorofAstronomyattheUniversityofTexas,

Austinandtheauthorofacompanionarticle."Wemustcontinueourstudies

inthisareatounderstandhowtheinitiallytinyprotostargrowszlayerby

layer,toeventuallyformamassivestar.Buthere,thephysicsbecomemuch

morecomplicatedandevenmorecomputationalresourcesareneeded.n

31、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsztheearlyuniverse.

A.wasgovernedbysimplerphysics

B.gotfewerstarsshinninginit

C.startedover13billionyearsago

D.wascomposedinawaysimilartothatoftoday

32、Whatcanthestate-of-the-artcomputersimulationtellusabout?

A.HowtheBigBangoccurredabout13billionyearsago.

B.How"cosmicdarkages"cameintoexistence.

C.HowdustgrainsandgaseswereformedaftertheBigBang.

D.HowthefirststarscameintobeingaftertheBigBang.

33、Whatdoesthe"astronomicalobject"inparagraph2referto?

A.Cosmicdarkages.

B.Dustgrainsandgases.

C.Aprotostar.

D.Theearlyuniverse.

34、Accordingtoparagraph4zwhatisNOTtrueaboutaprotostar?

A.ItdevelopedintoamassivestarduringtheBigBang.

B.Itevolvedfrompre-stellargases.

C.Itwasabletointegrateheavyelementswhenevolvingintoamassive

star.

D.Ithadamassofonepercentofthesun.

35>Accordingtothelastparagraph,allofthefollowingaregoalsofthe

simulationprojectEXCEPT_______.

A.toknowmoreaboutthemassandpropertiesofthefirststarsofthe

universe

B.tosimulatetheprocessofhowtheearlyuniversebegan

C.toapplythesimulationtothestudyofnuclearreactioninitiation

D.todiscoverthetruthabouttheformationofaprotostar

弟一^扁

Late-NightDrinking

Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquick"pick-me-upncupofcoffeelatein

thedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant,caffeine

interruptstheflowofmelatonin,thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleinto

asleep.

Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.

Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4am.beforefallingagain."It'sthe

neurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepand

whentowake,HsaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearch

CenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhave

foundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody1slevelsofthissleephormone.

LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversity

foundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffee

thanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf.Onaverage,subjectsslept336

minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee,comparedwith415minutes

afterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropofftwiceaslongasusual

andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.

Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimentztheresearcherswokethevolunteers

everythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasured

concentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthat

melatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.

InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine,theresearcherssuggest

thatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.

Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody,Ohayon

recommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.

36、Theauthormentions"pick-me-upntoindicatethat.

A.melatoninlevelsneedtoberaised.

B.neurohormonecanwakeusup.

C.coffeeisastimulant.

D.decafisacaffeinatedcoffee.

37、Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?

A.Caffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatoninproduction.

B.Caffeineinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefrom

sleeping.

C.Caffeinehalvesthebody*slevelsofsleephormone.

D.Caffeinestaysinthebodyformanyhours.

38、Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss?

A.Differenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecalonsleep.

B.DifferentfindingsofLotanShiloandateamaboutcaffeine.

C.Thefactthatthesubjectsslept415minutespernightafterdrinking

decaf.

D.Theproofthatthesubjectstookhalfanhourtofallasleep.

39、Whatdoestheexperimentmentionedinparagraph4prove?

A.Therearemoreenzymesindecafdrinkers*urinesample.

B.Therearemoremelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkers1urine

sample.

C.Decafdrinkersproducelessmelatonin.

D.Caffeinedrinkersproducelesssleephormone.

40、Theauthorofthispassageprobablyagreesthat

A.coffeeloverssleeplessthanthosewhodonotdrinkcoffee.

B.weshouldnotdrinkcoffeeaftersupper.

C.peoplesleepmoresoundlyatmidnightthanat3am.

D.ifwefeelsleepyatnight,weshouldgotobedimmediately.

-

ScientistsMakeSweetDiscovering

Goodnewsforchocoholics：thetreatpreferredbymillionsalloverthe

worldisgoodforyou,accordingtoAmericanresearchersattheUniversity

ofCalifornia.Chocolatecontainssubstancescalledflavonoidsthatcanhelp

maintainahealthyheartandgoodcirculation.Theresearchershavediscovered

thatcocoaactslikeaspirinandthateatingabarofchocolatehasalsobeen

showntoreleaseendorphinsinthebody：thesechemicalshelptoreducepain

andstressandmakeyoufeelhappy.

TheOlmecIndiansofMexicoandCentralAmericawerethefirsttogrow

cocoabeans,inabout1500BC,andtheMayasweredrinkingunsweetenedcoca

hundredsofyearsbeforeitbecamefashionableinEurope.

In1544,adelegationofMayannoblesvisitedPhilipofSpainandgave

himjarsofcocpaasagift.CocoasoonbecamefashionableinSpainandPortugal.

TheSpanishwerethefirsttoaddsugartotheircocoadrink.

Bythemiddleofthecentury,solidchocolatewasbecomingfamiliar.In

1765,JamesBakerandJohnHananopenedthefirstchocolatemillintheUnited

States,i