中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解

中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解

一、考点分析

首字母填空在中考和一模二模中所占的分值比重较大，为固定分值14分,

7个空。它是阅读理解部分里最难的一部分，也是学生特别容易失分的题型。

它不仅考察学生的词汇量，同时也检测了学生的综合运用能力。因此掌握好首

字母填空的解题技巧非常重要。

二、专题详解

首字母填空解题技巧：

1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。

2.复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。

3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。

4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。

5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。

上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计

名词动词时态形容词副词代连词/连接介词感叹情态

和语态词词词动词

12VJVVVJ

(14')

13VVJVVVV

(14‘)

14VVJVV

(14')

15VVVVVVV

(14')

16VVVVVVV

(14')

从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。

具体做题方法:

（一）从词性考查角度分析:

1.名词：单复数形式，所有格的用法

1.September1OthisTeachers'Day.

2.Inautumnafterastrongwind,thegroundisoftencoveredwithfallenleaves.

2.动词：时态语态的变化

3.Wecouldnotrunfasterthancheetahs,sowe_invented_（发明）carsandnowwecan

movethefastest

4.Whenyoulaugh,youwillopenyourmouthandyourteeth.

3.形容词、副词：比较等级的用法

5.LastSunday,weplayedhappilyinthepark,thoughwewereverytired.

6.Summeristhehottestseasonoftheyear.

4.代词：单复数人称代词反身代词指示代词关系代词不定代词等的用法

7.Helpyourselftosomefish,Jim.

8.MrsGreensaidtothetwins."Helpyourselvestosomefishplease.”

9.ThisbookbelongstoMary.Itishers.

5.连词：并列与从属连词的用法

lO.Foryears,weplayedotherpeople'ssongs,butnowweplaymostlyourownsongs.

11.Shedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday加causeshewasill.

（二）从句子成分角度分析

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，

即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定

语，状语，表语、同位语等。

（1）对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。

1.Tarehelpfultostudents.Theyalwaystrytheirbesttohelptheirstudents.

2.TomisofgreatimportanceforAmy.SohismoreimportanttoAmythanmoney.

3.SomefamoussaregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.Wearegladto

knowmoreaboutscience.

4.Fismyfavoritesport.Itshowsthespiritofteamwork.

5.Cstampsismyhobby.

此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。

eg:Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。

⑵对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。要注意时态和语态的问题。

Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomancovertohim."Myboy,“

shea,“Isyourfatherathome?”"Yes,"aJohn.Thewomanb

ringingthebell.Sherangandrang,buttherewasnoanswer.AtlastshetbacktoJohnand

sangrily,"Didn'tyousthatyourfatherwasathome?”"Idid",answeredJohn,

“butthisimyhouse.”

时态：

1.一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式

2.一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式

3.现在进行时，考虑动词的现在分词形式

4.现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式(与动词的过去式的规则变化相同，不规则

的要单独记忆)

(3)对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词或代词。

1.Mr.ChenwassurprisedtoseethefastdinShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthe

city.

2.Thefrontisingreatneedofmedicalw.becausetherearesomanyinjuredsoldiers.

3.Thankyouforyourk.Withoutyourhelp,Iwillnotworkouttheproblem.

4.Atlasthesoldhisi.Hehasinventeditforalongtime.

(4)对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作

表语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。

1.Itisiforanordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.

2.Thesickmanisgettingw.Maybehewilldiesoon.

3.Patrickisgoingtobea(n)mechanicalewhenhegrowsup.Hethinksmechineisfullof

charming

4.SuchcoldweatherisquiteuinMayandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.

5.It'saptohaveapicnicwithallthemembers.

(5)对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形

式作定语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。

1.ThefexamsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.

2.Onacnight,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.

3.Infweather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.

4.TheFrenchartistsaid,“ItismyftimetovisitShanghai.IlovethiscitysomuchandI

hopethatIwillhavethechancecomebackagain.

5.Mostpeopledon'tlikesfood.butIthinkit'sdelicious.

6.WhoisyourCteacher?

(6)对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词

必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。

1.TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongsoe.She

remembereditwashard.

2.Watchc,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.

3.Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlandedsatlast.

⑺对连词的判断：

I.Workharder,ayou'llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.

2.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocentaswellafindtheguilty.

3.Eyouohecangotothecinema,butyoucannotgotogetherbecauseI

haveonlyoneticket.

4.TilgiveyouacallassoonaIgettoJapan.

分析：在英语中，并列连词and,but,or,so,notonly-butalso,either---or,neither-•,nor,aswell

as,both…and等连接并列的词:词组和句子；而从属连词则连接主句与从句。

(一)和(二)综合运用：

结合词性和充当句子成分综合分析，对词性、词义、词形综合运用

Mr.Wuisgettingold.Heis1theschoolsoon.Thesinhisclasshavegiven

halotofp.Amongtarecards,note-books,photosandbooks.Mostofthe

cardsarembythestudentsthemselves.

PhotoswillhMr.Wurememberthehappytwhenhewaswithhisstudents.

Nextweek,twillhaveaptosgoodbyetohim.

(三)其他做题思路：

(1)依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如…Whishelp,theoldmanwassafe.

Theboythankedhimverymuch.从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下"，withhishelp.

(2)依据语法知识进行填词：如…Itwasalearlier.从句中的earlier可以看出它是

比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是litlle.

(3)依据常识的积累进行填词：如...Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.

Whitesaidnothingbutonlyoneword“SMr.White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么

都没说，只说了一个字“S.”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.

(4)依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如：OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehis

newcartohisfriend^househappily.Hewantedtophisfriendupatfiveandthenwentto

seeanewmovietogether.根据句意，Mr.White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看

电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.

练习

中考首字母填空思路点拨

ReadthepassageandHllintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的

词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给）：

（一）

ChristopherandJeffhadknowneachothersincechildhood.Oneday,Jefftoldhisfriendthat

he'dfalleninloveandplannedtogetmarriedthen89month.HeaskedChristophertolendhim

$I,000fortheweddingparty,andpromisedtopayhimbackamonthlaterwhenhestartedhis

newjob.ChristopherknewthatJeffwasnotverygoodwithmoney,buthes90agreed.Asthey

wereoldfriends,theydidn'tputanythinginwriting.

Amonthlater,Christopherhadn'theardfromJefforreceivedanymoney,s91hephoned

him.Jeffwasveryapologeticandsaidhewouldsurelypayhimback,withinamonth.Sixweeks

later,ChristophertriedtophoneJeffandf92hehadmovedandleftnolinkaddress.B93this

time,hewasangry.

Thenonemonthlater,tohissurprise,Christopherreceivedacheque（支票）for$100from

Jeffandalettergivinghisnewaddress.Heexplainedthathe'dbeenhavingmoneyp94,and

wouldn'tbeabletopaybacktheremaining$900forsometime.Christopherwrotebacktelling

Jefftoforgetther95ofthemoneyandnevertoreachhimagainbymessageortelephone.

答案：89.next90.still91.so92.found93.Bblem（s）95.rest

（二）

Readingbooksisagoodhobbyforallkindsofreasons.

First,readingbooksisf_93—.Youcanalwayskeepyourselfamusedifyoulikereading.

Thisisespeciallyusefulwhentheweatherisbad.Itisarelaxinghobbytoo.Youcanreally

becomelostinabook.

Next,youcanreadabooka_94_:inacar,inawaiting-room,onaplane,inbed—even

inthebath.Allyouneedisabook!Readingisaconvenienthobbyasitiseasytostopandthen

startagain.

A_95_goodreasonforreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.Ifyoureadasahobbyyou

willgetbetterandbetteratit.Thism_96_thatyouwillreadfasterandwillbecomebetterat

understandingwhatyouread.Asyourreadingimproves,youwillprobablyfindyourschoolwork

becomesmuche_97_.Manyschoolsubjectsdependongoodreadingand,asyouread,you

learnmoreandmore.

Somepeoplesaythatreadingisoutofdate.Thisisnottrue.Youhavetobeabletoread

touseacomputerand,thebetteryouread,thebetteryourcomputerskillswillbe.Readingis

h_98_outofdate!

Goodreadersaremostlikelytobegoodwriters,too.Theyareusuallygoodatspellingas

well,andhavemorethingstowriteabout.Readingbooksisawonderfulhobby,oneofthe

best.W_99—otherhobbycouldbemoreuseful,ormoreenjoyable!

答案：93.fun;94.anywhere;95.Another;96.means;97.easier;98.hardly;99.What

（三）

WhentheLondonUndergroundgoesonstrike（罢工），myjourneytoworkcanbeterrible.

Irememberastrikewhichhappenedafewyearsa104—thestationnearmyhousewasclosed

andIhadtouseanotherstationandtakeadifferenttrain.Thisa105aboutanhourtomy

journey,soIwasn'tveryhappy.

E106wentwrongatthestation.Peoplewerelateandtheywerepanicking（惊恐）！Bythe

timeIgotonthetrain,Iwasfeelingupsetandsorryformyself.ThenIsawthisman.Therewas

somethingabouthim—hehadsuchafamiliarf107.Afewminuteslater,Irealizedthathewas

Jack,afriendfrommyschooldaysinScotland.Atthesametimehea108realizedwhoIwas.

Thenwestartedtalkingaboutschooldaysandthepeoplewebothusedtok109.1waseven

moresurprisedwhenthetraincameintomystationandhestartedtogetofftoo!Iaskedhimw

110hewasgoingandhesaidhewasgoingtowork.HetoldmeheworkedinFitzroyStreet.You

see,IworkinFitzroyStreet,too.It'sasmallwill!Itwassuchanamazingcoincidence!

答案：104.ago105.added106.Everything/Everyone107.face/figure108.also109.know

110.where111.world

(四)

Somepeoplehaveproblemsfallingasleep;othershavetroublegettingupinthemorning.The

followingsuggestionsmayhelp.

>Don'tspendlongerthanthirtyminutestryingtofallasleep.Ifyoucan'tgettosleepafterhalf

anhour,getupanddos97quiet,likereading.Onlygobacktobedwhenyoufeeltired.

>Drinkaglassofwarmmilkfifteenminutesbeforeyougotobed——ithelpsyoutorelax.But

don'tdrinkcoffeeortea:theyhavechemicalswhichwillmakejtd98foryoutosleep.

>Haveawarmbath—it'sagreatwaytorelax.Butn99stayintheretoolong.Morethan

twentyminutesandyouwillloseallyourenergy.Andthebathroomisn'tthebestplacetofall

asleep!

AListentosomemusic.However,ifyouhavetogetupandturnofftherecorderwhenthe

musicf100,itwon'twork!

>Setalltheclocksinthehousetenminutesfastbeforeyougotobed(andtrytoforgetthatyou

d101thiswhenyouwakeupthenextmorning).

>Getafriendtophoneyouinthemorning.Andhopethatyourfriendisbetteratwakingup

thanyouare...andisabletohaveaninterestingt102withyouonthephonetohelpyou

wakeup.

>Gotobede103thanusual.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirst,buttheysaythatanhourofsleep

beforemidnighthasthesameeffectastwohoursaftermidnight.

答案：97.something98.difficult99.never100.finishes101.did102.talk103.earlier

（五）

Somepeoplemightchoosetoliveinasleepyvillagebesidewoodsandlakes,butothersenjoy

thebrightlightsandfastpaceofthebigcity.StephenandMariannahavegotdifferentstories.

Hi!MynameisStephenandIliveinasmallflatinHello!MynameisMariannaandIlivein

London.IchosetoliveherebecausethereisneveraAustralia,onahugeranch（牧场）.It'sabeautiful

b97momentinabigcitylikeLondon.I'manareawithwonderfulscenery.Iliveherewithmy

artstudentandthebusylifeinacitydoesgoodtohusbandJoeandourt101children,

mypainting.Inaddition,IcangeteverythingIneed（l）Patrick11,and（2）Abby,8.Wehavelivedon

socloseathand.Livingbesidetheundergroundthisranchforseveralyearsandweloveour

stationmeansthatIdon'tneedacartogetaround.healthylifestyle.Thechildrenhavelotsofs

It（主）s98me（宾）money.Alsothereare102torunaroundandenjoythepeace

malls,cinemas,librariesandmuseumseverywhere.andquiet.Theairiscleanandfresh.Weproducea

Ofcourse,London,likeanylargecity,haslotofourownfoodwhichisniceandhealthy.

p99too.Londonersdon'tchatontheThere5slotsofhardworktodorunningaranch,

undergroundorthebusandthereismuchlessbutwedon'tmind.

communityspiritthaninthecountry,wheremyOfcourse,countrylifealsohasweakpoints.We

parentslive.Infact,theydon'lunderstandhowIcanfeelisolated（孤独的）sometimes,too,especially

putupwith（忍受）thenoiseandpollution,andtrafficsincethen103neighborsarealmost100km

jams.However,Iseethatasasmallpricetoaway.Onemoretroubleisthatwecan'Igetmany

p100Asafamoussayinggoes,tuHewhoisthingsaseasilyaswedointhecity.Thereareno

tiredofLondonistiredofschools,supermarketsorshops,andifweareill

wehavetocalltheflyingdoctor.Althoughlife

herecanbedifficult,wewouldn'tchangeitforthe

world.

答案：97.busier98.saves99.polluted106.pay101.two102.space103.Nearest

（六）

THISMONTH'SGOALSFORHELPINGTOSAVEOURPLANET!

Saveelectricity

1.Recycle

2.Savewater

3.Savegas

WeeklThisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleaving

therooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhennJwaswatchingit.Mumonlyusedcoldwaterin

thewashingmachine.

Week2Westartedrecyclingthisweek.Wetriedtowrittenonbothsidesofourpapernotjuston

oneside.Wealsodividedourrubbishintod2bagsforbottles,cans,paperandfood.Mumkept

theplasticshoppingbagsfromthesupermarkettousethema3as

rubbishbags.Thesearegreatwaystohelpourenvironment.

Week3Westoppedtakinglongbathsandhadshortshowersi4____.Weflushedthetoilet

withusedwater.Whenmumanddadmadeteaorcoffee,theyused15___waterinthekettle.

MysisterandIdidn'tleavethetaprunningwhenwebrushedourteeth.

Week4Mumusedtod6ustoschool,butnowmysisterandIhavestartedridingourbikesto

school.Ifshardworkbutgoodexercised!Thisweekdadandafewofthepeopleheworkswith

alsostartedtogotoworktogetherinonecarandsharethecost.Thisshouldhelpr7

greenhousegases!

MyfriendsandIbecamevolunteersatschool.Wehelpmakeourschoolmoreearth-friendly.

答案：92.nobody93.different94.again95.instead96.less97.drive98.reduce

（七）

AsurveyhasbeenpublishedwhichshowsthatBritishpeopledon'tliketheirneighborsvery

much.80%ofthepeoplewhotookpartinthesurveyfeelthattheirneighborsh92pay

attentiontoothersfeelings.25%don'ttalktothepeoplewholivenextdoorand10%don'teven

knowtheirnames.Infact,onemillionpeopleinBritainwouldliketom_93_becausetheydon't

getalongwellwiththeirneighbors.

Accordingtothesurvey,theb94problemisnoise.Manyofthecomplaintsaboutnoise

camefrompeoplewholiveinflatsandoldhouses.Thesepeopleoftenhavethinwallswhichcan

nots95thenoisefromnextdoor.

Theothermainproblemsaredisagreements（不和）aboutcarparkingspaces,andoldpeople

complainingabouttheyoung.Somedisagreementslasta196time.Inonecase,peoplewho

liveinthesamebuildinghaven'ttalktoeachotherfbrfifteenyears.Sometimesthedisagreements

endinviolence.Inoneoftheworstcases,amankilledaneighborbecausehekeptparkinginhis

“space”.

Anothersurveyshowsthat90%oftheneighbornevershareameal.80%haveneverhada

drinkt97and20%haveneverevenspoken.However,whenneighborsbecomeeachothnr'sf

98,theyareoftenreadytoofferhelpaswecanseeinmanypartsoftheworld.

Onesolutiontosuchproblemistotalkaboutthemwithaprofessionalorganization,andif

necessarytosignawrittenagreement.Nowpeoplecangetthisserviceinmoreandmoretowns.

答案：92-98hardly,movebiggeststoplongtogether;friends

（八）

Atonetime,makingafilmwasanexpensiveactivityonlyforasmallgroupofpeopleand

filmcompanies.Notonlywerethetoolsandmachinesexpensivebutthecostoffilmwasalsofar

greaterthanmostpeoplecouldafford.However,moderntechnologyhasc92allthat.

Newtechnologyhasreallyopeneduptheworldoffilm-makingforfilmfans.Nowacamera

doesnotcostm93andmostyoungpeoplearecertainlyabletopayforit.Soallyouneedisto

getoneforyourself.Withthat,youmaythenstartyourownfilm-making.

However,film-makingist94work.Youprobablyneedmanyotherpeopletohelpyou.

Forexample,thep95ofactorsandactressesisveryimportantinyourfilm.Ofcourse,these

actorsandactressesmaybeyourschoolmates,friendsorfamilymembers.Youdon'tevenneedto

paythemacentwhiletheyaregladtobepartofyourjob.

B96,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone?Ifyouhavegood

imagination,youcancreateanattractivestorye97.Manyworld-famousfilmmakersand

producersarealsogoodstory-writers.Ifnot,perhapsyouneedsomeoneelsetowriteitforyou.

Anexcellentstoryisthekeytomakingas98film.

答案：92.changed93.much94.team95.performance96.Besides

97.easily98.successful

（九）

Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,

especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflatsareusually

expensive.Andm86isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.Sharingaflatcanbefun.

Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat87experience.Someexperts（专家）didastudyof

collegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeir

roommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,

howcanyou188witharoommateandenjoyit?Hereissomeadvice:

Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywith

themallthetimefromwhenyoudon'tseethemveryo89・So,beforeyouplantosharea

roomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.

Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow,talktoeachother.Ifs

importanttobeh90aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.

Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh91,

suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohaveguests?And

whataboutloudmusic?

Don'tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof92theunhappythings

betweenyouandyourroommate.Noone—includingyou—isperfect.

答案：86.money87.terrible88.live89.often90.honest91.housework92,forget

（十）

AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspendtheirspare

time.Heretheyreportther81ofthesurvey.Ifsnotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmost

teenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafter-schoolactivities.

P82activitieswaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosix

hoursaweek.Favoritesportsamonggirlsistennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidthey

likedfootball,basketballandskating.

Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthesesurveyedsaidthat

musicwastheirfavoriteactivity.Thisi83bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwas

alsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadabookormagazine.

Unsurprisingly,asmanyasthreeoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswas

somethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv84collectionsfromcartoon

booksandbasketballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.

V85friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymettheirfriends

onceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86

popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketo

friendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagers

s87wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftenwenttothedanceregularly.

答案：81result（s）,82Physical83included84various85Visiting86Another87seldom

（十一）

It'sacommonschooldayatSouthernCrossSchoolnearthefamousKrugerNationalParkin

SouthAfrica.Teachersandpupilsdon'tsitinaclassroom.I81,theygothroughtheforestorsit

underthetrees.

Theschoolteachesstudentsallthesames82astherestofthecountry'sschools,butthe

teachingmethodsarecompletelydifferent.SouthernCrossusesnatureasateachingtool.The

teachersandtheirpupilsgooutintonatureandworkwithanimalsandplants.Thesecanbeused

tostudya83frommathsandsocialsciencestolanguages.Theschoolisinanareawhere

animalslivewildandcanbehunted.Togettoclass,studentstravelaroadthroughtheforestthat

wildanimalsuseaswell.

Theclassroomforsmallpreschoolersisalittledifferentfromtherestoftheschool.For

example,thefirstlessonofthedayismaths,buttheteachingmethodisverys84.Inthisschool

youwon'thearateachersaying“CounthowmanyapplesJanehasinherbasket.MActually,the

childrenvisitanearbyrivertocountthenumberofmarksleftbyanimals.Thiswaytheycansee

howmanydifferentanimalscometod85duringthenight.

Thestudentsareencouragedtotakecareoftheinjuredandsmallanimals.Iftheyfindadead

animalinthearea,theystudywheretheanimalfitsinthefoodchainandhowandwhyitd86.

Theheadmastersays,“Wemustmakepeopleunderstandwhatwearedoingtothee87.We

needtocareforourplanet.