2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars(含解析)新人教版必修3

Astronomythescienceofthestars李仕才一、阅读理解。OnApril14th,2010,myentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,flesh

andboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.

TenmillionwastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland’smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld’sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.After

their

planworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地热的)energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes，focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulfuture.IranfromApril14th,2010,toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanew-foundloveinEarthsciences.

forthe【解题导语】

作者把自己遭受突发事件和火山迸发这类自然灾祸进行类比，

说明遭受到不幸也有利处，面对现真相况要乐观踊跃。1．WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,2010?A．Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B．HewasstuckinanIceland’sairport.C．Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.D．Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.D分析：细节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“Thenextmoment,metal...sentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.”可知，一个粗心的骑自行车的人撞到了作者，作者遭受了事故，受伤严重，故D项正确。2．WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A．Theeconomywascostgloballybytheeruption.B．Carbondioxideincreasedtemporarily.C．Mostoftheworld’splaneswereheldup.D．TheearthinIcelandwasterriblypolluted.A分析：细节理解题。依据文章第二段中的“Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.”可知，艾雅法拉火山迸发后，全球的经济都遇到了扰乱，即火山的迸发使全球经济受损，故A项正确。3．WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A．ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.B．Itsymbolizedtheaccidentthatchangedhislife.C．Ittoldustomakethebestofagivensituation.D．Itencouragedhimtoknowmoreabouthimself.C分析：推理判断题。依据文章第五段中的“Aftertheirplanworked...theirhomes.”并联合“

Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,

focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.

”可推知，我们应当充分利用特定的环境。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．EscapefromVolcanoesB．InspirationfromDisastersC．LoveforEarthSciencesD．AttitudeTowardNature分析：标题概括题。本文作者经过叙述自己遭受事故和火山迸发带来的利处及缺点，告诉人们要踊跃应付现真相况，因此选B项。二、单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案：whoeverwhoever“不论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyonewho。2．Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental________myworkasadirector.答案：tobefundamentalto...“是的基础”。3．Icansaythatitisthe________(violence)filmthatIhaveeverseen.答案：mostviolent由“thatIhaveeverseen”可知，此处应用形容词最高等。4．Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost________(puzzle),whicheventheartistscan'tmakesenseof.答案：puzzling此处形容词puzzling“令人疑惑的”作表语，描绘主语paintings的实质特点。5．________existsagoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography.答案：ThereThereexists...“存在；有”。6．Assecond-handsmokingis________(harm)anddangerous,peoplebanagainstsmokinginpublic.答案：harmful此处形容词harmful“有害的”作表语。7．Sheboughtaheavycurtain________(block)outthelight.答案：toblock此处动词不定式短语toblockout作目的状语。8．Thoughinjuredseriously,hetriedtocheer________,hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.答案：upcheerup“(使)感觉快乐，(使)抖擞起来”。

wantatotal9．Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheriverfrom________(pollute)答案：beingpollutedpreventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.“阻挡某人且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动构造。

．/某物做某事”，10．________(like)

whatyousupposed,

only

afewpeople

attended

theparty,

whichwasdisappointing.答案：

Unlike

依据语意可知，“其实不像”你所猜想的那样，故填

Unlike

，指引名词性从句。三、完形填空。阅读下边短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最正确选项。Iwasashykid.Nothingseemedharderthantalkingtopeople.Ididn'tevenliketoanswerthephoneforfearthatI'dhavetotalktosomebodyIdidn'tknow.__1__，atschoolIhadtospendalldayinthecompanyofothers.My__2__wasstudyingandwas__4__withgoodgrades.EventuallyIwenttocollege.Icametorealizethatsomepeoplewereratherfunto__5__with.Yetmychildhood__6__carriedoverandIfoundmyselftongue-tiedand__7__wheneverIfoundmyselfinaconversation.Onedaywhileoncampus，I__8__anadvertisementforapositiononthelocalclassicalmusic__9__station.Ihadgrownuplisteningtoclassicalmusic，andIlovedit.Inordertogetthejob，applicantsneededtobeinterviewed.Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio，andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me.Ididn'treallywantthejob.IjustwantedtoprovethatIcouldtalktoa(n)__11__.Twoweeks__12__，IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob.Itwasa__13__job，butIgrewtoenjoyit.Iannouncedmusictothousandsof__14__inthecity，sometimesansweringtheircallsand__15__totheirrequests.Ibegantofeelcomfortabletalkingtothesepeople，thesestrangerswhoIcouldn'teven__16__.AlthoughInowspendmuchtimetalkingwithpeople，I'mstillbasicallya__17__person.Myformershynessisagift，asIcan__18__peoplewhofeeldiscomfortwhentheytalktostrangers.Istillenjoymomentsofbeing__19__.ButI'malsogladIdecidedtomakea__20__inmylifethathadopenedmanydoorsandopportunitiesthatIneverknewexisted.1．A.HoweverB．ThereforeC．Otherwise

D

．Besides2．A.advice

B

．practiceC．task

D

．escape3．A.obviously

B

．simplyC．quietly

D

．poorly4．A.filled

B

．rewardedC．decorated

D

．faced5．A.helpout

B

．catchupC．putupD．hangout6．A.happinessB．shynessC．kindnessD．goodness7．A.excitedB．astonishedC．embarrassedD．interested8．A.noticedB．postedC．realizedD．believed9．A.fireB．gasC．TVD．radio10．A.terrifiedB．pleasedC．satisfiedD．amazed11．A.childB．singerC．interviewerD．applicant12．A.agoB．laterC．beforeD．since13．A.well-paidB．puzzlingC．comfortableD．challenging14．A.listenersB．followersC．viewersD．dancers15．A.referringB．respondingC．offeringD．comparing16．A.feelB．moveC．hearD．see17．A.busyB．warmC．quietD．smart18．A.lookintoB．relatetoC．combinewithD．worrywith19．A.aloneB．aliveC．activeD．awake20．A.planB．mistakeC．changeD．dream【解题导语】该文主要叙述了害羞的作者经过应聘电台工作而实现自我打破的故事。1．A依据上下文可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系。但是，作者在学校里不得不睦同学们相处。2．D依据上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知，害羞的作者在学校用学习来躲避与人交流。3．C与语境“bymyself”响应可推知，作者一个人安寂静静地做功课。4．B与语境“withgoodgrades”响应可推知，作者在学习上的付出获得了丰厚的回报，成绩突出。5．D由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最后意识到了和朋友相处是风趣的。hangout“常去某处”。6．B依据上文的“Iwasashykid”并联合“Ifoundmyselftongue-tied”可推知，作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在。7．C依据“Ifoundmyselftongue-tied”可推知，和别人交流时交流不顺畅是令人难堪的。8．A依据语境可知，作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告。9．D

依据下文的“

Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio

”可推知，这是一则电台的招募广告。10．A依据“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio

”并联合下文的“

Ididn'treallywantthejob”可推知，作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，与下文的“IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob”响应。11．C作者惧怕与不计其数的听众交流，只想证明自己可以和面试官谈话。12．B依据语境可推知，时间已经过去了两周。13．D依据上文可知，这项工作需要与不计其数的听众交流，这对作者来说有必定的挑战性，且与语境“butIgrewtoenjoyit”形成响应。14．A与上文的“andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me”响应可推知，此处表示作者给听众播放音乐。15．B与语境“answeringtheircalls”响应可推知，作者回应听众的要求。16．D依据上文可知，作者应聘的是电台工作，和听众们基本上是不会面的。17．C依据“still”的提示并联合上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知，作者只管现在花销好多时间和人们交流，可是实质上仍是一个不多说话的人，与下文的“Myformershynessisagift”响应。18．B联合“Myformershynessisagift”可推知，作者可以理解那些和他同样的人。relateto“理解，认可”。19．A依据上文的“Myformershynessisagift”可推知，作者依旧喜爱独处。20．C依据语境可推知，作者经过做电台工作有了重要改变，进而人生有了更多的可能性。四、单句改错1．MaryarrivedjustontimeforherflighttoLondon._____________________________________________________答案：on→inintimefor...“实时追上了”。2．Itwashotintheroom,becausetheair-conditioningsystembrokeout._____________________________________________________答案：out→downbreakdown“出故障”。3．Shemarriedat27andgavebirthofherfirstchildshortly._____________________________________________________答案：of→togivebirthto“临盆；产生”。4．Watchoutsharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordingly._____________________________________________________答案：out后加forwatchoutforsth.“小心/亲密注意某物”。5．ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbiggerasthepresentone._____________________________________________________答案：bigger→big在比较等级的表达方式中“as...as”中，应用形容词或副词的原级。五、短文改错IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIbeginmyschooling.Ofallmyteachers，Mrs.Greenistheonewhoimpressesmemost.Thoughsheis50，shelooksveryyoungatherage.Comparingwithotherteachers，variouswaystomakehe