2021届北京朝阳区劲松第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案

2021届北京朝阳区劲松第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Theopeningceremonyforthe2020TokyoOlympicGameswasheldattheOlympicStadiuminTokyoonJuly23,2021afterayearofwaitingduetothepandemic.Let'stakealookatthehighlightswhichmakethisopeningceremonyunique.NospectatorsTherearenospectatorsduringtheopeningceremonyinanefforttopreventthespreadofthecoronavirusinfections.About950people,includingofficialsandjournalists,willwatchinthemainstadium,organizerssaid.FewerathletesareexpectedtoattendtheceremonybecausemanyarenotallowedtostayfortheentireGamesduetoCOVID-19restrictions.Maleandfemaleflag-bearersTheInternationalOlympicCommitteehasactivelyencouragedalldelegationstoselecttwoflag-bearersattheopeningceremony,includingonewoman,aswomen'sparticipationintheTokyoGamesreaches48.8percent,makingitthemostgender-balancedOlympicsinthehistoryoftheevent.Oath（宣誓）sessionupdatedOneofthemostsymbolicpartsoftheopeningceremony—theOlympicoath—hasbeensignificantlyadaptedinorderto“highlighttheimportanceofsolidarity,inclusion,non-discriminationandequality”.Thenumberofoath-takersisalsoextendedfromthreetosix—twoathletes,twocoachesandtwojudges.SimplifiedceremonyInthe30-secondvideoshowingtherehearsaloftheopeningceremonyreleasedtothepublic,theperformancesareintegratedwithdances,sceneryandotherdisplayelementsusedinJapanesetraditionalfestivalactivities.InordertopreventandcontroltheCOVID-19pandemicandmanagethecost,theTokyo2020OrganizingCommitteesaidthattheperformancesoftheceremonywillbegreatlysimplified,withmorelightandshadowtechnologyusedinsteadofrealdecorationsatthescene..Whyisn'tthereanyspectatorduringtheopeningceremony?A.Tolimitthenumberofpeoplepresent.B.TohighlightthespiritoftheOlympicGames.C.Tocontrolthespreadofaninfectiousdisease.D.Tomakeroomfortheathletesallovertheworld..Whyiseachdelegationencouragedtoselectonewomanasaflag-bearerinTokyoOlympics?A.Womenwillbeinaleadingpositioninsports.B.Womenathletesmakeupalargerpercentagethanever.C.Womenwillplayamoreimportantpartinsociety.D.MoreandmorewomenwilltakepartintheOlympicGames..WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Oath-takersaremadeupofsixathletes.B.Tokyousesmorerealdecorationstocutthecost.C.About950peoplewatchtheentiregamesintheTokyoGames.D.TheopeningceremonypresentsthetraditionalcultureofJapan.BInthenaturalhabitat,abinge-watcherisastrangesub-speciesofmodernhumanbeings.Theyarealoneandareoftenfoundlyingontheirbedorsofa,stillasarock,lookingsearchinglyintotheirlaptoporattheTV.Theyrarelygetup,onlytakingoccasionalbreaksforthoseurgentcallsofnature.Unlikesomanyothersoftheirspecies,theydon’tsleepattheendofeveryday.Theystayuplateandareoftenfoundtohaveredeyes.This,ofcourse,isalittlebitexaggerated,butformanyofus,binge-watchingashowishowweconsumeourentertainment.Withstreamingservicesbringingseeminglyendlesscontenttothetipsofourfinger,creatorstailortheirshowstoourneedsandtastes,whiletheirmarketingteamsellsittousasthenextmostbingeableshow.Ican’thelpbutwonderifthiswayofconsumingtelevisiondoesusanygood.We’readvisedtoget7to8hoursofsleepperday,butstayingupallnighttofinishshowslike‘BreakingBad’and‘TheFall’,whichNetflixsaysarebingedthefastest,won’tresultin8hoursofuninterruptedsleep.Netflix’sCEORichardHastingstoldanalystsataconference,“Thinkaboutit.,whenyouwatchashowfromNetflixandyougetaddictedtoit,youstayuplateatnight.We’recompetingwithsleep.”Anditisn’tonlytheamountofsleepweget;thequalitymatterstoo!AstudypublishedintheJournalforClinicalSleepMedicinereportedthatthosewhobingedtelevisionmoreoftenwerefoundtohavepoorersleepquality.ThementalarousalwegetfromwatchingTVdoesn’tlenditselftopeacefulsleep.Besides,bingingTVcancauseweightgain.ForeveryextrahourofTVwatched,therewasa2%increaseintheprevalenceofobesity,accordingtoastudyconductedbyHarvardthatlinkedTVwatchingtoobesityinchildrenandadolescents.Whileitistruethatthere’sgrowingevidencethatbingingisn’tgoodforus,theresultsaren’tallhopeless.Binging,occasionally,mighthavesomebenefits.Formanypeople,bingingisagoodwaytosocialize.Itgivespeoplesomethingtotalkaboutatpartiesandwiththeirfriends.Fansofpopularshowsoftenholdviewingpartieswherepeoplecanbinge-watchshowstogetherandthendiscusswhattheyjustexperienced!Thisinteractioncancreateasenseofcommunityformany.Forothers,bingingmightjustberelaxing.Afteralongday,afewhoursofFriends—stilloneofthemostpopularshowsonanystreamingplatform—caneasethestressofalongday.Astudyfollowed240peoplethroughtheirbingingandrecordedtheirstresshormones.Theynotedforsomepeoplethattheirstresshormonelevelsdecreasedduringtheirbingingexperience.Withbinging,thereisnota“good”or“bad”answer.Likemanythings,thekeyismoderation.WatchingTVcanberelaxing,butonlyifitdoesn’tstopyoufromexercising,takingcareofyourhealth,andfulfillingyoursocialresponsibilities.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tailor”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Study. B.Sell.C.Adjust. D.Promote.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Theamountofsleepmattersmorethanthequality.There’snorealharminbinge-watchingaTVseries.Bingingmayhelpkeepstresshormonelevelsstable.Binge-watchingmayhelpincreasesocialconnections.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbinge-watching?A.Supportive. B.Unconcerned.C.Objective D.Doubtful.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?WhoIstoBlameforBinge-Watching?IsBinge-WatchingGoodorBadforYou?IsBinge-WatchingGettingoutofControl?HowDoesBinge-WatchingAffectYourLife?CElonMuskisasymbolofpassion,hardworkandsuccess.Apersonmayworkhardinhislife,butwhenhardworkgoesalongwithpassionandanewidea,thensomethingiscreatedthatastonishestheworld.AsthefounderofbigcompanieslikePayPal,SpaceX,andTeslaMotors,ElonMuskisaguideandinspirationfortheyoutharoundtheworld.ElonMuskwasbornonJune28,1971inPretoria,SouthAfrica.Hewastheeldestofthreechildren.HisfatherErrolMusk,aBritish-bornSouthAfrican,wasanengineer.MuskspenthischildhoodinSouthAfricaandattheageof9,hegothisfirstpersonalcomputer.ThisgotEloninterestedinprogrammingandhestartedtolearnonhisown.Attheageof12,hemadehisfirstcomputergame,Blaster,whichearnedhim$500whenhesoldthesourcecodetoamagazine.Whenhewas17,hedecidedtoleavehomeandhadwantedtomovetotheUnitedStatesaftergraduatingfromasecondaryschoolinPretoria.However,hewasunabletomovetotheUnitedStates.In1989,ElonMuskmovedtoCanada,wherehismother’sslived.AfterobtainingCanadiancitizenship,MuskwenttoMontreal.Duetoalackofmoney,hefoundalow-payingjob.Attheageof19,heenteredQueensUniversityinKingston,Ontario,studyingtherefortwoyears.Finally,in1992,hisdreamcametrue—hemovedtotheUnitedStates.Asateenager,Muskstruggledwithdepression.Butthenherealizedthatthemostimportantthingwaspresentinghimselfwiththerightquestions.Thedayhestarteddoingthis,everythingstartedtogeteasier.Muskthoughtthatahumanbeinghadtoexpandthelimitsofhisconsciousness—toasktherightquestionsandgetanswerstothem;thusheaskedthebestquestionofall:whatwillhavethegreatestimpactonthefutureofhumans?MuskfoundthatthesethingsweretheInternetandspaceexploration.ThelifeofElonMuskisinspiring.HefoundsuccessontheInternet,withoutmuchformallearning.Byreadingbooksandusinghiswillpoweranddedication,hereachedalevelofknowledgethatisdifficulttoimagine.Hedidnotgiveupuntilheachievedhisdreams.ElonMusktrulystandsoutamongotherbillionairesbecauseofhisleadershipabilities,positiveattitude,abilitytoknowwhentotakerisks,andbeliefinfuturistictechnologies.Accordingtothepassage,ElonMuskgainedknowledgeofcomputerby .A.teachinghimself B.learningfromhisfatherC.takingonlinecourses D.studyinginQueensUniversityWhatmadethingseasierforElonMuskwhenhesufferedfromdepression?A.Expandingknowledgebyreadingbooks. B.Askinghimselftherightquestions.C.AchievingsuccessontheInternet.D.Designingcomputergames.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.It’snevertoolatetolearn. B.Youthmeanslimitlesspossibilities.C.Wherethere’sawill,there’saway. D.Hewhodoesn’tadvancefallsbackward.WhichwordscanbestdescribeElonMuskaccordingtothepassage?A.Optimisticandgenerous. B.Ambitiousanddetermined.C.Independentandhelpful. D.Adventurousandrealistic.DSonomaCountyisaddingartificialintelligencetoitswildfirefighting.ThecountyhasenteredintoanagreementwiththeSouthKoreanfirmAlcheratoequipitsnetworkoffire-spottingcameraswithsoftwarethatdetectswildfireactivityandthenissuesawarningtoauthorities.Thetechnologyexaminespastandcurrentimagesofterrain（地形;地势）andsearchesforcertainchanges,suchasflamesburningindarkness,saidChrisGodley,thecounty’sdirectorofemergencymanagement.Butemergencyworkerswillfirsthaveto“teach”thesystemtodistinguishbetweenimagesthatshowfiresmoke,andothersthatmightshowclouds,fogetc.Thesoftwarewillusefeedbackfromhumanstoimproveitsalgorithm（算法）andwilleventuallybeabletodetectfiresonitsown—oratleastthat’swhatcountyofficialshope.“It’skindoflikelearninghowtoread,”Godleysaid.“WhatletterscanIputtogethertomakeupaword?”ThecountyactivatedthetechnologyWednesdayandreceived16positivereportsofsmoke—allofwhichturnedouttobepermittedburns,hesaid.OnceaseasonalbanoncontrolledburnsgoesintoeffectinAprilorMay,thecountyplanstospeedupthetestingandfeedbackphase.ThehopeisthatbyNovember,thesystemwillnolongerneedtobetaughtandcanstartprovidingreliableintelligence.Godleysaid.“It’sgoingtotakeusawhiletomakesurewegetthebugsoutandthatwereallycandependonitbecauseultimatelythisisalifesavingmission.”Thetechnologyisintendedtohelpofficialsinvestigatepotentialfirestartsearliersotheycangetpersonnelouttothemmorequicklyandissuenecessarywarnings.Officialsexpectotherplaceswilladoptitifthetechnologyissuccessful,particularlybecauseitplugsintothecameranetworkthat’salreadyinplacestatewide.“Weultimatelybelieveitspotentialcouldberealizedinayearortwo,”Godleysaid.“AnditcouldreallyhaveadramaticimpacthereinCalifornia.”Whatdoesthesystemfirsthavetodobeforebeingputintowork?Equipitsnetworkoffire-spottingcameraswithsoftware.Learntotellbetweenimagesoffiresmokeandotherpictures.Usefeedbackstoimproveitsabilitytodetectfireindependently.Examineimagesoftheterrainandsearchforanypossiblechanges.Whatdolocalofficialsexpectthetechnologytoaccomplish?Beabletomakepositivereportsofsmoke.Beabletocontrolseasonalburnsinthearea.Helpthemspotpotentialfirestartsassoonaspossible.Learnhowtodistinguishpicturesofflamesfromclouds.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph3mean?A.killallthebugs. B.getridofmistakesC.providereliableinformation D.speeduptestingprocessWhatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus?AIiscreatingadramaticimpactinCalifornia.AIisappliedtomonitorterrainsinCalifornia.AnewtooltohelpdetectwildfireinCalifornia.AnewwaytoputanendtowildfireinCalifornia.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Whenyouthinkaboutcollegeandtheexperiencesyou’llhavethere,youprobablythinkaboutlearningandgrowing.___16___Someresearcherssuggeststudentswhomakefriendsatcollegearemorelikelytobesuccessfulintheirstudy.___17___Humansaresocialcreaturesandwhenyouhavesomeonewhocanencourageyou，youwillbebetterpreparedtofacethechallengeofhighereducation.Friendshipisimportantforeveryone.Butwhenyougothroughcollege,younotonlyincreaseyourknowledge,butyoutrytogetalongwithothers.Whenyouapplyforajobaftergraduation,youwillbeaskedquestionsaboutyourskillsandknowledge.___18___Whatdoesallofthishavetodowithfriendships?Learningtogetalongwithpeopleandworkwellwiththemtakesmanyforms,andoneofthemisfriendship.___19___Thesestudentscanformstudygroups,discussideasforprojects,andcelebratevictoriesandgoodgrades.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,yourclassmatesmustbethebest.Itdoesn’tsoundveryfriendlytotalkaboutfriendshipsintermsofwhatsomeonecangainfromthem.ButtheverynatureoftherelationshipisreciprocaK互惠的）.Whileapersonisprovidingyouwiththesupportandstrengthyouneed,youhavetobeprovidingthisbacktothem.___20___Friendshipisatwo-waystreet.Thathelpcancomeintheformoffriendships.Youmightwonderwhy,buttheanswerisveryclear.You’llalsobeaskedhowwellyouworkwithateam.Youshouldalsothinkaboutthefriendshipyou’llform.Yourfriendshelpyouinteractwithpeopleallaroundyou.Studentscangetalotbybeingfriendswiththeirclassmates.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项WhenIwas24,Imovedintoanapartmentandthecouplenextdoorwereloudallthetime.Afterputtingupwithitforacoupleofweeks,Idecidedto 21 themandpolitelyaskthemtobe 22 afternoon,asIhadtoworkatmidnight,soI 23 wenttobedaroundnoon.wentnextdoorandknockedonthedoorandanoldwomananswered.I 24 myselfandsheaskedifIcameovertocomplainaboutthe 25 ,andIsaidyes.She 26 bothsheandherhusbandweregoing 27 andthattheyneededtospeakloudlytoheareachother.She 28 meinandofferedmeacoffeeandwestartedtalking. 29 ,weheardaloudbanginthekitchen.Thenwefoundherhusbandhadfallenontotheground.Immediately,werushedhimtothe 30 .WhenIcamehomefromworkthenextday,therewasa 31 onthedoorfromtheladyaskingmetocomeover.WhenIreachedher 32 ,sheaskedifI'ddriveher,tothehospital,towhichIsaidno 33 .Whenwegottothehospital,I 34 hertohisroom,wherehethankedme.SoonIendedupbeingfriendswiththiscouple 35 theymovedawayayearlater.Onedayaftertenyears,Igota 36 fromalawyer.Iwas 37 whatwasgoingon,soIwentdownandwhenIarrivedathisoffice,thelawyeraskedmeifiknewa 38 bytheirnamesandIsaidyes.Hetoldmethatthecouplehaddiedandhewas 39 bytheirchildrentofindme.Theywantedtothankmepersonally.I 40 thefamilyandthenwebecamefriends!Youcanneverknowwhen,whereorhowyouarenextgoingtomakenewfriends.Lifeisfullofsurprises.Whateverhappens,trytotreatothersexactlyasyouwouldliketobetreated.21.A.challenge B.treat C.face D.punish22.A.quieterB.calmerC.kinderD.slower23.A.seldomB.alreadyC.alwaysD.still24.A.expressedB.examinedC.improvedD.introduced25.A.stressB.noiseC.soundD.pain26.A.guessedB.describedC.explainedD.believed27.A.disabledB.blindC.deafD.weak28.A.broughtB.invitedC.forcedD.begged29.A.SuddenlyB.UnfortunatelyC.Naturally D.Secretly30.A.kitchenB.bedC.companyD.hospital31.A.reportB.noticeC.noteD.bill32.A.doorB.carC.office D.home33.A.doubtB.wayC.matterD.problem34.A.carriedB.followedC.sentD.guided35.A.sinceB.beforeC.untilD.while36.A.warningB.visitC.callD.question37.A.wonderingB.imaginingC.describingD.recording38.A.teamB.patientC.coupleD.doctor39.A.encouragedB.orderedC.forcedD.employed40.A.missedB.metC.praisedD.welcomed第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式SixmonthsagoXieLeiboardedaplaneforLondontocompleteabusinessqualification.Itwasthefirsttimeshe 41. (leave)hermotherland.WhenshecametoEngland,shelivedwithahostfamily, 42. membersalwayshelpedher.Atthebeginningshehadtofacesuchdifficultiesofdailylifeashowtousethephoneandhowtopaybusfare.Besides,shealso 43. (have)tofacethedifficultiesoflearningattheuniversity.Studyingtherewasquite 44. (differ)fromstudyinginChinaandsheneededsomepreparationfirst。Shehadtoget45.(use)toawholenewwayoflife,whichtookupoverconcentration.Itwasbeneficialaswellasdifficultforher 46. (study)inLondon.ShelearnedhowtofulfillWesternacadem