2018年考研英语一真题和答案完整版

2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Trustisatrickybusiness。Ontheonehand，it‘sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour2，inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3。4，whydowetrustatall？Well，becauseitfeelsgood。5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution，theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother。Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9：InaSwissstudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects；thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。11forus，wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。Thetesterwouldask，“What’sinhere？”beforelookingintothecontainer，smiling，andexclaiming，“Wow！”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15。Halfofthemfoundatoy；theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them。Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked，themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill，demonstratingthattheytrusted1/1hisleadership。19，onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。1。[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2。[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3。[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4。[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5。[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6。[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7。[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8。[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9。[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10。[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11。[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12。[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13。[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14。[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15。[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16。[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]。remembered1/117。[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18。[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19。[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance20。[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs？Don‘tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。AbouthalfofU.S。jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated，accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy，withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed。Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking，financialadvice，softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest，orsoonwill。Therichowntherobots，sotheywillbefine。Thisisn‘ttobealarmist。Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast。TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellfor1/1Ludditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms，butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。Likewise，automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity，stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices，andfreeworkersfromhard，boringwork。Butinthemediumterm，middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。Thefirststep，asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge，shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining。Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind。Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt。ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism：Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier。Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange，entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines。Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven‘tbeeninventedyet。TheU.S。needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。Finally，becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome，taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut，andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：Thiswouldboostincomes，encouragework，rewardcompaniesforjobcreation，andreduceinequality。Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears，yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedby1/1automation。Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts。Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation？[A]Leadingpoliticians。[B]Low-wagelaborers。[C]Robotowners。[D]Middle-classworkers。22。Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview？[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless。[B]Optimists‘opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport。[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison[A]creativepotential。[B]job-huntingskills。[C]individualneeds。[D]cooperativespirit。24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat1/1[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation。[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment。[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor。[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening。25.Inthistext，theauthorpresentsaproblemwith[A]opposingviewsonit。[B]possiblesolutionstoit。[C]itsalarmingimpacts。[D]itsmajorvariations。Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter。TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource，Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform。MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia，peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills。Suchatrendisbadlyneeded。Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign，nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews，accordingtotheUniversityofOxford。AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant。1/1Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace。AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories。Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias。“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints，”thesurveyconcluded。Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect。A2014surveyconductedinAustralia，Britain，andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement。Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests。Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation。AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror，”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting。Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia。Inotherwords，thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue。“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem，”saysRoxanneStone，editorinchiefatBarnaGroup。Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident，theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia。26。AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2，manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson1/1[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice。[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms。[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation。[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews。27。Thephrase“beerup”（Line2，Para。2）isclosestinmeaningto[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28。Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey，youngpeople[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace。[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources。[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility。[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”29。TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis[A]readersoutdatedvalues。[B]journalists’biasedreporting[C]readers’misinterpretation1/1[D]journalists’made-upstories。30。Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia。[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests。Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain‘sNationalHealthService（NHS）andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell。DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence（AI）companiesintheworld。Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat，butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants。ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner，ElizabethDenham，hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS，whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients’rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy。DeepMindhasalmostapologized。TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways。Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned。Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn。Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant。MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust，sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely1/1“processed“it。Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation，notthemerepossessionofbits，thatgivesthedatavalue。Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate。Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem。Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks。Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore。Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted。Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry。ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives。Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources。Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan，bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone。Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater。Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism。MsDenham‘sreportisawelcomestart。31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind？[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants。[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights。[C]Itfellshortofthelatter‘sexpectations[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation。32。TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham‘sverdictwith[A]emptypromises。1/1[B]toughresistance。[C]necessaryadjustments。[D]sincereapologies。33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts。[B]leakingpatients‘dataisworsethansellingit。[C]makingprofitsfrompatients‘dataisillegal。[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph，therealworryarisingfromthisdealis[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas。[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw。[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware。[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants。35.Theauthor‘sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis[A]ambiguous。[B]cautious。[C]appreciative。[D]contemptuous。1/1Text4TheU.S。PostalService（USPS）continuestobleedredink。Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016，the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue。Meanwhile，ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities，mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts。Therearemanybankruptcies。Fundamentally，theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct，first-classmail，andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService，aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected。Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears，leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization。Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats，Republicans，thePostalService，theunionsandthesystem‘sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem。LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears，whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles，amongothersurvivalmeasures。Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare。Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare，thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion。IfitclearstheHouse，thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare，bareminimum1/1necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat，notcomprehensivereform。There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS，amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts。AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery。Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear。Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit，atleastintheHouse。Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS。Itisnot，however，asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury。36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby[A]。itsunbalancedbudget。[B]。itsrigidmanagement。[C]。thecostfortechnicalupgrading。[D]。thewithdrawalofbanksupport。37。AccordingtoParagraph2，theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto[A]。theinterferencefrominterestgroups。[B]。theinadequatefundingfromCongress。[C]。theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice。[D]。theincompetenceofpostalunions。38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby1/1[A]。removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare。[B]。makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles。[C]。adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism。[D]。attractingmorefirst-classmailusers。39.Inthelastparagraph，theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith[A]respect。[B]tolerance。[C]discontent。[D]gratitude。40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？[A]。TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays[B]。ThePostalService：KeepAwayfromMyCheese[C]。TheUSPS：ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure[D]。ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder。ForQuestions41-45，youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes。ParagraphsCandF1/1havebeencorrectlyplaced。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET。（10points）A。InDecemberof1869，CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding。ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments。TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse，theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected，andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871。B。Completedin1875，theStateDepartment‘ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied，withitselegantfour-storylibrary（completedin1876），DiplomaticReceptionRoom，andSecretary’sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood，Orientalrugs，andstenciledwallpatterns。TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879，whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary。C。TheState，War，andNavyBuilding，asitwasoriginallyknown，housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation‘sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower。Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation’smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents。D。ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB‘sgranitewalls。TheodoreandFranklinD。Roosevelt，WilliamHowardTaft，DwightD。Eisenhower，LyndonB。Johnson，GeraldFord，andGeorgeH。W。Bushallhadofficesinthis1/1buildingbeforebecomingpresident。Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy，21SecretariesofWar，and24SecretariesofState。WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor。E。TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding（EEOB）commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates。DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury，AlfredB。Mullett，itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState，War，andNavyDepartments，andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry。F。Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing。WhentheEEOBwasfinished，itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington，withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors。Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster；theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety。Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4，000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas。G。ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid。Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820。Aseriesoffires（includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814）andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding。In1866，theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding。41。àCà42。à43。àFà44à45。PartC1/1Directions：ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese。YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama。BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama，andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy。Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs，butinEngland，aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope，thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular，whetheritshouldbeneworold，classicalormedieval，literaryorfarcical。Court，schoolorganizationsofamateurs，andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment；and（47）noboywhowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland。WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold，thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon。Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage。Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt，orforthechoirboysofSt。Paul’sandtheroyalchapel，who，however，gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt。（48）buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters，anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood。BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five，Lyly，Peele，andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary；Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit；andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides。（49）Anativeliterarydramahadbeen1/1created，itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished，andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun。ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory，forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning，growth，blossoming，anddecayofmanykindsofplays，andofmanygreatcareers。Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced，aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants。（50）Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity，wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost，andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived。SectionIIIWritingPartA51。Directions：Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony。Inyouremailyoushouldincludetime，placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony。Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSEWERSHEETDonotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail。Use“LiMing”instead。（10points）PartB52。Directions：1/1Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow。Inyouressay，youshould2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对SectionIUseofEnglish1、[答案][B]for[解析]此处考察介词的用法。it’sanecessarycondition____many个必要条件_____许多重要事情）此处应B选项for正确答案；A选项from（来自C选项like（像。。。），D选项on（关于）语义不恰当，故worthwhilethings（信任是一该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。（对。。。来说）符合语义，故为于），排除。2、[答案][C]faith[解析]此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一个奇怪的东西）。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：Ontheonehand，it’sanecessarycondition句：___for___manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。1/1（一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等），这句话在说信任的好处。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____。（另一方面，把。。。放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大。。。），显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith（信任、忠诚）与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C]faith。3、[答案][B]price[解析]此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trustisatrickybusiness（信任是一个奇怪的东西）。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：Ontheonehand，it’sanecessarycondition__for__manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。（一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等），这句话在说信任的好处。Ontheotherhand，puttingyour___inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh____。（另一方面，把。。。放在错误的地方往往“trust”，并且根据“wrongplace”，本句应该在说信任不当的弊会带来巨大。。。），显然这句话依旧在解释主题词空格所在句中的关键词端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除，而C选项debt（债务）带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[B]price（代价）。4、[答案][D]Then1/1[解析]此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的“_____我们为什么要信任”。只有D选项then（那么）填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为Dthen（那么）。A选项again（再次）表示强调；B选项instead（但是、然而）表示C选项therefore（因此）表示结果，不符合要弊端。第二段段首提出问题：转折；求，故排除。5、[答案][A]When[解析]此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为：______人们信任一A选项whenA选项when。其B选项unless（如果不）表条件，C选项although（尽管）表让步，D选项until（直到。。。）表通顺，故排除。个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有（当。。时候）填入后符合逻辑要求，故正确答案为他三个选项时间，带入后均语义不6、[答案][C]produce[解析]此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文出指：Whenpeopleplacetheirtrustinan…theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormone。上文出指当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，后面是定语从句，句内的动宾搭配，可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪，并且与后面的trigger同义复现，因此C。produce正确。7、[答案][A]connect1/1[解析]此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能，theherdinginstinctthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromote…withoneanother，这种本能有两个作用，并用and连接，所以复现同义and前面的flocktogether。因此选择A。connect8、[答案][B]to[解析论，下文实验展开分析，hormoneputsus…。所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中，所以名词exposureto构成搭配语义关系，表示“接触”的意思，因此选择to。]此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结Swissscientistshavefoundthatexposuretothis9、[答案][D]mood[解析会产生荷尔蒙，会给你带来一种愉悦的情绪pleasurablefeelings，这个结论。实验中exposuretothishormoneputsusinatrusting…，因]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体上文此，根据上下文，试验中，处于这种荷尔蒙环境中，会给人带来情绪；语气；心境；。因此选择mood。10、[答案][A]counterparts[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出，Inastudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects，1/1可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择A。counterparts。相对物，相对应的人。11、[答案][C]Lucky[解析]此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词also，说明前文和后文情感是一致的关系。说我们有这两种天赋，对大家来说都是好事，所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择lucky。A选