2022年职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析9

2022职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析9SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz”s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversity5andhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfrom6thesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministered11recalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody”stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

“Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairment12maycontributetothememorydeficits13thatoccuraspeopleage.“Convitsays.“Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.14“Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck15,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.

词汇：

perchance[p?”t?ɑ:ns]adv.偶然;可能

online[”?nlain]n.在线的

stow[st?u]vt.贮藏，堆装

emanate[”em?neit]vi.发源

somatosensory[,s?um?t?”sens?ri]adj.体觉的

neocortex[,ni:?u”k?:teks]n.新(大脑)皮质

oscillation[,?si”lei??n]n.振荡

intertwine[,int?”twain]v.缠绕

spindle[”spindl]n.纺锤体

ripple[”ripl]n.波动，脉动

diabetes[,dai?”bi:ti:z]n.糖尿病

recollection[,rek?”lek??n]n.回忆

shrinkage[”?ri?kid?]n.收缩

impairment[im”p??m?nt]n.损伤

intrigue[in”tri:ɡ]n.引起。。。兴趣(或奇怪心)

cognition[k?ɡ”ni??n]n.熟悉

解释：

1.filememories：归档并储存记忆。file：意为“toputorkeep(papers,etc.)inusefulorderforstorageorreference“(把…归档)。

2.Tosleep.Perchancetofile?：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句“Tosleep:perchancetodream.“改编而来。

3.theProceedings:(科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。

4.zzz：(拟声词)打鼾声

5.RutgersUniversity：美国新泽西州立大学(theStateUniversityofNewJersey)。

6.emanatingfrom：发源于。

7.neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的局部，也叫做neopallium。neo-：前縀，意思是“新的“。

8.thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称“海马状突起“，在泛记过程中起主要作用。

9.tensofmilliseconds：几十毫秒

10.age-associatedmemorydecline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退

11.administer：实施

12.thisimpairment：指上句中hippocampusshrinkage.

13.memorydeficits：记忆衰退

14.…theintriguingpossibilitytha