小学英语知识点

一:学生易错词汇1.a,an选择:元音字母开头单词用an,辅音字母开头单词用a.2.am,is,are选择:单数用is,复数用are.I用am,you用are.3.have,has选择:表示某人有某物.单数用has,复数用have.I,you用have.4.thereis,thereare选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用thereis,复数用thereare.5.some,any选择:必定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6.疑问词选择:what(什么)who(谁)where(哪里)whose(谁)why(为何)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)howold(多大)howmany(多少)howmuch(多少钱)**********************************************************************************二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级句子结构通常是:什么+动词be(am,is,are)+形容词比较级+than(比)+什么,如:I'mtallerandheavierthanyou.(我比你更高和更重.)Anelephantisbiggerthanatiger.(一只大象比一只老虎更大.)形容词比较级是在形容词基础上改变而来,它改变规则是:①通常直接在词尾加er,如tall-taller,strong-stronger,②以e结尾,直接加r,如fine–finer,③以辅音字母加y结尾,先改y为i再加er,如funny-funnier④双写最终字母再加er,如big–bigger,thin–thinner,hot–hotter☆注意☆比较二者应该是相互对应可比较东西.经典错误:Myhairislongerthanyou.(我头发比你更长.)比较二者是我头发,你(整个人),那么比较对象就没有可比性.应该改为:Myhairislongerthanyours.或Myhairislongerthanyourhair.比较级专题练习:一,从方框中选出适宜单词完成句子heavytalllongbig(1)HowistheYellowRiver(2)HowisMrGreenHe's175cm.(3)HowareyourfeetIwearsize18.(4)HowisthefishIt's2kg.***************************************************二,依照句意写出所缺单词(1)I'm12yearsold.You're14.I'mthanyou.(2)Arabbit'stailisthanamonkey'stail.(3)Anelephantisthanapig.(4)Alakeisthanasea.(5)Abasketballisthanafootball.**********************************************三,依照汉字完成句子.(1)我比我弟弟大三岁.I'mthanmybrother.(2)这棵树要比那棵树高.Thistreethanthatone.(3)你比他矮四厘米.Youarethanhe.(4)谁比你重thanyou三:动词过去式详解动词过去式组成规则有:A,规则动词-------------------------------------------------------------------------①通常直接在动词后面加ed:如worked,learned,cleaned,visited②以e结尾动词直接加d:如lived,danced,used③以辅音字母加y结尾动词要改y为i再加ed(这类动词较少)如study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried(注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于这类)④双写最终一个字母(这类动词较少)如stopped-----------------------------------------------------------------------------B,不规则动词(这类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词原形和过去式:sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go-went,take-took,buy-bought,get-got,read-read,fly-flew,am/is-was,are-were,say-said,leave-left,swim-swam,tell-told,draw-drew,come-came,lose-lost,find-found,drink-drank,hurt-hurt,feel-felt四:动词现在分词详解动词ing形式组成规则:①通常直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾动词,要先去e再加ing,如having,writing③双写最终一个字母(这类动词极少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting五:人称和数人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我)复数we(我们)usour(我们)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你)复数you(你们)youyour(你们)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他)she(她)herher(她)it(它)itits(它)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们/她们/它们)**********************************************六:句型专题归类必定句:是指用必定语气来陈说句子,如:I'mastudent.Sheisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefourfansinourclassroom.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词句子,如:I'mnotastudent.Sheisnot(isn't)adoctor.Hedoesnot(doesn't)workinahospital.Therearenot(aren't)fourfansinourclassroom.Hewillnot(won't)eatlunchat12:00.Ididnot(didn't)watchTVyesterdayevening.☆注意☆小结:否定句主要是在必定句基础上加上了否定词"not".有动词be句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但amnot通常都分开写.没有动词be句子则要先在主要动词前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也能够把它们缩写在一起如"don't,doesn't,didn't).这三个助动词要依照人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于通常现在时主语是第三人称单数情况,而"did"只用于通常过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".-------------------------------------------------------------3,通常疑问句:是指问询事实句子,这类句子必须用"yes",或"no"往返答.如:AreyouastudentYes,Iam/No,I'mnot.IssheadoctorYes,sheis./No,sheisn't.DoesheworkinahospitalYes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.AretherefourfansinourclassroomYes,thereare./No,therearen't.AreyougoingtobuyacomicbooktonightYes,Iam./No,Iamnot.(Yes,weare./No,wearen't.)Willheeatlunchat12:00Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot(won't).AretheyswimmingYes,theyare./No,theyaren't.DidyouwatchTVyesterdayeveningYes,Idid./No,Ididn't.☆注意☆小结:通常疑问句是在必定句基础上,①把动词be调到首位,其余照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.②没有动词be句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.这三个助动词也要依照人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于通常现在时主语是第三人称单数情况,而"did"只用于通常过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did".通常疑问句有个主要标准就是问和答要一致,即问句里第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里这个词是一致.---------------------------------------------------------------------4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导句子.这类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes,no"往返答.如:WhatisthisIt'sacomputer.WhatdoeshedoHe'sadoctor.WhereareyougoingI'mgoingtoBeijing.WhoplayedfootballwithyouyesterdayafternoonMike.WhichseasondoyoulikebestSummer.WhendoyouusuallygetupIusuallygetupat6:30.WhoseskirtisthisIt'sAmy's.WhydoyoulikespringbestBecauseIcanplanttrees.HowareyouI'mfine./I'mhappy.HowdidyougotoXinjiangIwenttoXinjiangbytrain.☆其中how又能够和其余一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:howmany(多少(数量)),howmuch(多少(钱)),howtall(多高),howlong(多长),howbig(多大),howheavy(多重)例句:HowmanypencilsdoyouhaveIhavethreepencils.HowmanygirlscanyouseeIcanseefourgirls.HowmanydesksarethereinyourclassroomThereare51.☆小结:howmany用来提问可数名词数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,Howmany+名词复数+doyouhave你有多少……Howmany+名词复数+canyousee你能看见多少……Howmany+名词复数+arethere…有多少……*****************************************************************************七:完全,缩略形式:I'm=Iamhe's=heisshe's=sheisthey're=theyareyou're=youarethere's=thereisthey're=theyarecan't=cannotdon't=donotdoesn't=doesnotisn't=isnotaren't=arenotlet's=letuswon't=willnotI'll=Iwillwasn't=wasnot总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但let's=letus),'re即are,n't即not(但can't=cannot)PEP小学英语不完全列表学习用具(schoolthings):pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book书bag包comicbook漫画书postcard明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书notebook笔记本Chinesebook语文书Englishbook英语书mathbook数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典人体(body):foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴颜色(colours):red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕动物(animals):cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹spermwhale抹香鲸killerwhale虎鲸人物(people):friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother弟兄uncle叔叔;舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士;小姐mom妈妈dad父亲parents父母grandparents祖父母grandma/grandmother(外)祖母grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂(表)弟兄;堂(表)姐妹son儿子daughter女儿baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长universitystudent大学生penpal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器人职业(jobs):teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TVreporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男)警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseballplayer棒球运动员assistant售货员police警察食品,饮料(food&drink):rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hotdog热狗hamburger汉堡包Frenchfries炸薯条cookie曲奇biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋Coke可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐水果,蔬菜(fruit&vegetables):apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子greenbeans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆peach桃strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜衣服(clothes):jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots靴子hat(有沿)帽子cap便帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves手套trousers裤子cloth布交通工具(vehicles):bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车;面包车plane/airplane飞机subway/underground地铁motorcycle摩托车杂物(otherthings):window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher'sdesk讲台picture图画;照片wall墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trashbin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子endtable床头柜football/soccer足球present礼品walkman随身听lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air-conditioner空调key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼品toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsawpuzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件trafficlight交通灯money钱medicine药地点(locations):home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间livingroom起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆postoffice邮局policeoffice警察局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen食堂teacher'soffice教师办公室library图书馆gym体育馆washroom卫生间artroom绘画教室computerroom计算机教室musicroom音乐教室TVroom电视机房flat公寓company企业factory工厂fruitstand水果摊petshop宠物商店naturepark自然公园themepark主题公园sciencemuseum科学博物馆theGreatWall长城supermarket超市bank银行country国家village乡村city城市hometown故乡busstop公交车站课程(classes):sports体育运动science科学MoralEducation思想品德课SocialStudies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育课English英语课国家,城市(countries&cities):China/PRC中国America/USA美国UK联合王国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚NewYork纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗气象(weather):cold严寒warm温暖cool凉快snowy下雪sunny晴朗hot酷热rainy下雨windy有风cloudy多云weatherreport天气预报景物(nature):river河流lake湖泊stream河;溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气moon月亮植物(plants):flower花grass草tree树seed种子sprout苗plant植物rose玫瑰leaf叶子星期(week):Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末月份(months):Jan.(January)一月Feb.(February)二月Mar.(March)三月April四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月季节(seasons):spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬方位(directions):south南north北east东west西left左边right右边患病(illness):haveafever发烧hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼数词(numbers):one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/ahundredandthirty-six一百三十六first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六形容词(adj.):big大small小long长tall高short短;矮young年轻old旧;老strong健壮thin瘦active主动活跃quiet平静nice好看kind和善亲切strict严格smart聪明funny滑稽可笑tasty好吃sweet甜salty咸sour酸fresh新鲜favourite最喜爱clean洁净tired疲劳excited兴奋angry生气happy高兴bored无聊sad忧愁taller更高shorter更矮stronger更强壮older年纪更大younger更年轻bigger更大heavier更重longer更长thinner更瘦smaller更小good好fine好great很好heavy重new新fat胖happy愉快right正确hungry饥饿cute逗人喜爱little小lovely可爱beautiful漂亮colourful色彩鲜艳pretty漂亮cheap廉价expensive昂贵juicy多汁tender嫩healthy健康ill有病helpful有帮助high高easy简单proud骄傲sick有病better愈加好higher更高介词(prep.):in在……里on在……上;在……时候under在……下面near在……旁边behind在……后边nextto与……相邻over在……上面infrontof在……前面代词(pron.):I我we我们you你;你们he他she她it它they他(她,它)们my我our我们your你;你们his他her她动词(v.):play(.ed)玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳walk走run(ran)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate)吃sleep(slept)睡觉like像,喜欢have(had)有;吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take(took)买;带live居住teach(taught)教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn学习sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做dohomework做作业dohousework做家务watchTV看电视read(read)books读书cookthemeals做饭watertheflowers浇花sweep(swept)thefloor扫地cleanthebedroom清扫卧室make(made)thebed铺床set(set)thetable摆饭桌washtheclothes洗衣服dothedishes洗碗碟useacomputer使用计算机domorning