河北省正定中学2020-2021学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题WORD版含解析

河北正定中学高一开学考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whattimewillthespeakersleave?A.Atabout1:40.B.Atabout1:50.C.Atabout2:30.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Brushherteeth.B.Washherhair.C.Haveabath.3.WhatdoesthemanthinkofJack'sFrenchlearning?A.It'llbeexpensive.B.It'llbechallenging.C.It'llbeeasy.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthelibrary.B.Intherestaurant.C.Athome.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anactionfilm.B.Anadventurestory.C.Aclasstask.第二节（共15小题）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredidthewomanfindthediary?A.Underthesofa.B.Behindthepiano.C.Undertheclothes.7.Whatisthemanlike?A.Untidy.B.Selfish.C.Dishonest.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toaskwheresheis.B.Totellherwhentomeet.C.Tochangethemeetingplace.9.Wheredothespeakersusuallymeet?A.Bythestatue.B.Bythepostoffice.C.Bythecashmachine.10.Howlongdidthewomanwaitfortheman?A.20minutes.B.30minutes.C.60minutes.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheman'sprojectabout?A.Theanimals.B.Thedeserts.C.Therainforest.12.Whatmakesthewomanfeeluncomfortable?A.Thespiders.B.Thesnakes.C.Thesloths.13.What'sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Couples.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthewomanusuallydoonweekends?A.Goshoppingwiththeman.B.Lookafterherfather'sstore.C.Doapart-timejobinabikeshop.15.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.It'scold.B.It'scool.C.It'swarm.16.Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.17.Whatwillthemanbuyprobably?A.Aracingbike.B.Amountainbike.C.Asecond-handbike.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhoistheRockClubfor?A.Musiclovers.B.Rockcollectors.C.Rockclimbers.19.HowoftendothemembersoftheMountaineeringClubmeet?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.20.WhatdancingwilltheDanceClubdointhesummer?A.Indiandancing.B.Scottishdancing.C.Spanishdancing.第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunitybycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawRosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.Butitalsosetoffthe1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork. B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize. D.Hercommunitybackground.2.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw. B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen. D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson. C.SandraDayO’Connor. D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性：JaneAddams，RachelCarson，SandraDayO’Connor以及RosaParks。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据JaneAddams(1860-1935)部分的“AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.(任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢JaneAddams)”可知，JaneAddams在历史上主要以她的社会工作而出名。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)部分中“WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.(1952年，SandraDayO’connor在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名成绩毕业，她在一家律师事务所找不到工作，因为她是女性)”可知，SandraDayO'Connor被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据RosaParks(1913-2005)部分中“Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.(它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动)”可知，因为在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，RosaParks对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献，故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.(1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性)”；第三段中“Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.(她在1962年出版的畅销书《寂静的春天》唤起了人们对污染的危险以及化学品对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的有害影响的关注)”；第四段中“ShebecameanArizonastatesenatorand,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.(她成为亚利桑那州参议员，并在1981年成为第一位加入美国最高法院的女性)”以及第五段中“Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.(它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动)”由此可推断四位女性都是历史上的先驱。故选C。BAfriendofminemetwithanaccidentdrivinginthedarkness.Hislegsweresohurtthathecouldn'tmove.Whatwastheworstwasthathefoundhimselfunabletoaskforhelp—hismobilephonewentoutofwork.Nothingcouldbedonebuttowaitincoldwilderness.8hourslater,daybroke,andthentherescuearrived.Itisalmostunimaginablethathecouldstandthehorrorinthedarknessforsolong.Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”Hisstoryputanendtomyregretforthefailureofanexplorationadventurethathappenedlastyear.Agroupofyoungmentriedtoexploreamountaincaveandgotlost.Unabletofindawayoutinthedarkcavetheywerefrightenedandrananxiouslywithoutasenseofdirection.Finallytheyfelldeadinfearandexhaustion.Theplacewheretheygotlostwasonlyabout10metersawayfromtheopeningofthecave!Iftheytriedtocalmthemselves,theywouldprobablysenseafaintlightshiningnotfaraway.Don'tyouthinkthatyoucancompareitwithlifeitself?Whenyoumeetwithobstaclesinlifeandwork,youarelostindarkness.Mindyouit'sunclearyetandyouneedn'tputupstruggleimmediately.Butapersonwhocanaffordtodosomusthaveforesightaswellasagreatcourage.5.Whatwasthegreatesttroubleforthewriter'sfriend?A.Itwasverydark. B.Hewashurtandcouldn'tmove.C.Hecouldn'tgethelpwithhismobilephone. D.Itwasverycold.6.Whatdidthewriter'sfrienddowhenhewaswaitingforhelp?A.Hecheckedhisphysicalconditions. B.Hetriedtokeephiswoundfrombleeding.C.Hesleptforawhile. D.Alltheabove.7.Howdidthewriter'sfriendfeelwhenhewaswaitingforhelp?A.Horrible. B.Worried. C.Angry.D.Calm.【答案】5.C6.D7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者通过两个事例的对比，说明无论是在生活中还是在工作中，当人们处于困境或危急状况时，不轻举妄动、保持镇静是智慧和勇气的表现。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whatwastheworstwasthathefoundhimselfunabletoaskforhelp—hismobilephonewentoutofwork.(最糟糕的是，他发现自己无法寻求帮助——他的手机坏了)”可推知，作者朋友面临的最大困难是手机无法与外界取得联系获取帮助。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”(更令人惊讶的是他的解释：“首先，我检查了自己的身体状况，发现自己并没有生命危险。由于没有办法呼救，我靠在座位上，尽力不让伤口流血。就这样，我睡着了。”)”可知，作者的朋友在等待帮助时，检查了他的身体状况、试图不让伤口流血以及睡了一会儿。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”(更令人惊讶的是他的解释：“首先，我检查了自己的身体状况，发现自己并没有生命危险。由于没有办法呼救，我靠在座位上，尽力不让伤口流血。就这样，我睡着了。”)”可推知，作者朋友事故之后所做的事情可以推出他当时很镇静。故选D。COneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探测)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.TheprogramcameintoeffectinthestateofNewSouthWalesonDecember1followingasix-monthtrialearlierthisyear,whichthegovernmentclaimscaughtover100,000drivers.SimilartechnologyhasbeentestedinEnglandandSaudiArabia,buttheNSWprogrammarksthefirsttimeithasbeenwidelycarriedout.Therewon’tbeanysignssignallingthecameras’presence,either.“Wehavetounfortunatelyusetheelementofsurprisetogetpeopletothink‘well,Icouldgetcaughtatanytime,’”saidNSWRoadsMinisterAndrewConstance.“IwantbehaviourtochangeandIwantitchangedimmediately.”Thecellphonedetectioncameracan’tactuallydiscoverpeopleusingtheirphonesintime.Instead,ittakesphotographsofeverysinglevehiclethatpassesbyit,usingartificialintelligence(AI)toanalysethemlater.Ifthesoftwaredetectsalikelyoffender(违法者),theimageisthencheckedbyanemployeebeforeapunishmentnoticeissentout.Driverswillonlyreceivewarningsforthefirstthreemonthsthecellphonedetectioncamerasareinoperation.Afterthat,driverswhoarecaughtwillbefined344dollars,aswellaslosingfivepointsfromtheirdriver’slicense.AccordingtotheNSWgovernment,iftheAIdoesn’tdetectanyphoneuseinaphotoitwillbedeletedwithoutanyhumanseeingit,usuallywithinanhour.8.WhydoestheNSWgovernmentcarryoutthecameraprogram?A.Todetectthenumberofdriversusingcellphones.B.Tohelpdriversavoidbeingcaughtinsurprise.C.Tochangedrivers’behaviorofusingcellphoneswhiledriving.D.TotestsimilartechnologylikesomeEuropeancountries.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph4referto?A.Cameras. B.Drivers. C.Photos. D.Passers-by.10.Whatmayhappentotheoffendersdetectedbythecamera?A.Someregularwrittenwarnings. B.Nopunishmentinthelimitedtime.C.Aheavyfinewithoutpointloss. D.Amake-uptestofthedriver’slicense.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AroadAlcamerasysteminAustralia.B.Atestofworld-firstAIcamerasystem.C.ThebehaviorsofAustraliandrivers.D.ThedevelopmentofAIcamerasystem.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。一个澳大利亚的州政府成为世界上第一个实施全州范围内自动检测开车时使用手机的司机的州政府。该程序于12月1日在新南威尔士州生效。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段OneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探测)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.(一个澳大利亚州政府已经成为世界上第一个在全州范围内实施自动检测司机开车时使用手机的州政府。)和第三段的“IwantbehaviourtochangeandIwantitchangedimmediately.”(我希望行为改变，我希望行为立即改变。)可知，实施这个监控计划是为了改变司机开车使用手机的行为。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文Thecellphonedetectioncameracan’tactuallydiscoverpeopleusingtheirphonesintime.Instead,ittakesphotographsofeverysinglevehiclethatpassesbyit(手机检测摄像头实际上无法及时发现人们使用手机。相反，它拍摄每一辆经过它的车辆的照片)可知，划线所在部分usingartificialintelligence(AI)toanalysethemlater表示：稍后使用人工智能来分析它们，故them指代上文提的“photographs”，故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Driverswillonlyreceivewarningsforthefirstthreemonthsthecellphonedetectioncamerasareinoperation.Afterthat,driverswhoarecaughtwillbefined344dollars,aswellaslosingfivepointsfromtheirdriver’slicense.(手机检测相机运行前三个月司机只会收到三个月的警告，在那之后，被抓住的司机将被罚款344美元，以及驾照扣5分。)可知，限定时间内不处罚。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段OneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探测)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.(一个澳大利亚州政府已经成为世界上第一个在全州范围内实施自动检测司机开车时使用手机的州政府。）并结合下文的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了一项澳大利亚的道路Al摄像机系统。故选A。DForthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.12.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered13.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.14.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight. B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.15.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。14题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。第二节（共5小题）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。ThreeWaystoProtectYourselfFromToday’sUnrealNewsNowadayswithsomuchnewsavailable,manypeopleconsumemediainanautomatic,unconsciousstate-similartoknowingyoudrovehomebutnotbeingabletorecallthetrip.____16____.Thesestrategiescanhelpyoubecomewisernewsconsumersinthreesimplesteps.SeekoutyourownnewsLikemostpeople,youprobablygetafairamountofyournewsfromsocialmedia.Youshouldchangethat.Theirgoalistomaximizethetimeyouspendontheirsitesandapps,gettingadvertisingincome.Thatmeansinsteadofpresentingyouwiththemostimportantnewsoftheday,socialmediafeedyouwhatwillholdyourattention.____17____.Theseorganizationsactuallyproducenews,usuallyinthespiritofservingthepublicinterest.UsebasicmathematicsUntrustworthynewsoftenusesomedatatomakeunrealclaims.____18____.Forexample,awidelyspreadrumour(谣言)falselyclaimed10,150Americanswerekilledbyillegalimmigrantsin2019.Onthesurface,it’shardtoknowwhetheritistrue,butonewaytostartistothinkaboutfindingouthowmanytotalmurderstherewereintheUSin2019.___19___Humansarebiased(倾向性的)tobelievewhat’sinfrontoftheireyes.Videocontentisconsideredmoretrustworthy-eventhoughsomevideoscanbeverymisleading.____20____.Seeingandhearingshouldnotnecessarilybebelieving.Treatvideocontentwithjustasmuchdoubtasnewstext,checkinganyfactswithnewsfromatrustedsource.A.WatchoutforbiasesB.BelievevideocontentC.You’llseeamorecompleterangeofinformationD.ThinkcarefullyabouthowyoudeterminesomethingistrueE.Instead,regularlyvisittrustednewsappsandnewswebsitesdirectlyF.SimplemathematicalcalculationscanhelpyoubetterspotfalsedataG.However,youcandevelophabitstocontrolyournewsintakemoreconsciously【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.A20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。讲述了如何明智地吸收信息的三种方法。【16题详解】前文提到“Nowadayswithsomuchnewsavailable,manypeopleconsumemediainanautomatic,unconsciousstate-similartoknowingyoudrovehomebutnotbeingabletorecallthetrip”，意为“现在人们有大量信息可以接触到，我们以一种无意识的状态消化信息，就像你知道自己是开车回家的但是想不起来过程”，后文提到“Thesestrategiescanhelpyoubecomewisernewsconsumersinthreesimplesteps”，意为“这些措施能帮助你简单几步成为更明智的信息接收者”，前后句意相反，所以空格处应为转折句，起到承上启下的作用，G项“但是，你可以培养自己更有意识地控制信息吸收的习惯”切题，故选G。【17题详解】后文提到“Theseorganizationsactuallyproducenews,usuallyinthespiritofservingthepublicinterest.”，这些组织确实会生产新闻，通常是以服务公众兴趣为精神，所以这些组织是提供新闻的，由指示代词these可知，在这些组织在前文中就已提到，所以空格处应提到这些真正提供新闻的组织，且在空格之前提到很多社交媒体并不真正提供当天最重要的信息，而是吸引你的注意力从而达到打广告的目的，空格前后句意相反，所以空格处应有转折词，E项“相反，你应该直接访问受信任的新闻软件和网站”切题，故选E。【18题详解】根据小标题“Usebasicmathematics”可知F项“简单的数学计算可以帮助你更好地识别错误的数据”切题，故选F。【19题详解】根据第一句“Humansarebiased(倾向性的)tobelievewhat’sinfrontoftheireyes.”可知，本段主题与bias（偏见）有关，所以A项“注意偏见”切题，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Seeingandhearingshouldnotnecessarilybebelieving.Treatvideocontentwithjustasmuchdoubtasnewstext,checkinganyfactswithnewsfromatrustedsource.”可知，这部分是在讲即使是视频信息也要报以足够的怀疑，对来自受信任来源的信息也要检查，这是讲如何确定得到的信息是真实的，所以D项“仔细想想如何确定某件事是真实的”切题，故选D。【点睛】对于一些七选五的小题，根据空格前后的名词、动词等对应选项中相同、相近或相反的词语就可以选出答案，例如第三题中小标题中的“mathematics”对应F项中的“mathematical”，故选F项。再例如第四题中第一句中的“biased”对应选项A中的biases，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond_____21_____.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof____22____therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe____27____.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek____28____duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe____29____departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand_____30_____anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.____31____youngplantsinthedryseasonwas______32______foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe_____33_____ofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto______34______rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai_____35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A.dream梦想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年轻；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious宝贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D.generous慷慨的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据aswell可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记住，记起；D.predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A.noise噪音；B.heat热；C.disease疾病；D.dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A.labor劳动；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。Arebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed设法做成。根据前面的”lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A.Decorating装饰；B.Observing观察到；C.Watering浇水；D.Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“thedryseason”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A.tough困难的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic极好的；D.beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top顶端；C.foot脚；D.side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A.cooldown冷却下来；B.keepoff与……保持距离；C.purify净化，使纯净；D.collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.failed失败；D.continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。第二节（共10小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WinterSolsticeFestivalAsearlyas2,500yearsago,about_____36_____SpringandAutumnPeriod,ChinadecidedthepointofWinterSolsticebyobservingthemovementofthesun.ThetimewillbeeachDecember21or22accordingtotheGregoriancalendar.TheNorthernhemisphereonthisdayexperiencesthe_____37_____(short)daytimeandlongestnighttime.AsancientChinesethought,theyang,positivethings,willbecomestrongerandstrongerafterthisday,_____38_____itshouldbecelebrated.TheWinterSolsticebecameafestivalduringtheHanDynastyandthrivedintheTangandSongdynasties.TheHanpeople_____39_____(regard)WinterSolsticeasa"WinterFestival",soofficialswouldorganizecelebrating_____40_____(active).Onthisday,bothofficialsandcommonpeoplewouldhavearest.IntheTangandSongdynasties,theWinterSolsticewasadaytooffersacrifices(祭品)toHeavenandancestors.TheQingDynastyevenhadtherecordthat"WinterSolsticeisasformalastheSpringFestival",_____41_____(represent)thegreatimportanceattachedtothisday.InsomepartsofNorthernChina,peopleeatdumplings,_____42_____willkeepthemfromfrostintheupcomingwinter.ButinpartsofSouthernChina,thewholefamilywillgettogethertohaveaspecialmeal_____43_____(make)ofred-beanandricetodriveawaybadthings.TheWinterSolsticedumplingscould_____44_____(use)assacrificestoancestors,orgiftsforfriendsandrelatives.Peopleofthesamefamilynamegathertogethertohonortheirancestors_____45_____ageorder.Aftertheceremony,thereisalwaysabigdinner.【答案】36.the37.shortest38.so##and39.regarded40.activities41.representing42.which43.made44.beused45.in【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国，冬至的起源、发展以及不同区域不同的庆祝习俗。【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：早在2500多年前的春秋时期，中国就通过观察太阳的运动来确定冬至的日期。春秋战国时期为历史时间段，需要用特指的冠词the。故填the。2.考查形容词最高级。句意：在这一天，北半球的白天最短，夜晚最长。根据句意以及空后的longestnighttime“最长的夜”，此处应该用形容词最高级shortest，表示“最短的白天”，故填shortest。3.考查连词。句意：正如中国古代的思想，阳，积极的事物，在这一天之后会变得越来越强，因此这一天应该被庆祝。分词句子结构可知，此空需用连词连接空格前后两句话，根据句意，两句话是因果关系，and表因果关系时，相当于so，所以可以填so或and，故填so/and。4.考查动词时态。句意：汉朝人视冬至为“冬节”，所以官员们会组织庆祝活动。此空是动词做谓语，结合主语，描述的是汉代的事，应用一般过去时态，且主语和动词之间是主动关系，故填regarded。5.考查可数名词单复数。句意：汉朝人视冬至为“冬节”，所以官员们会组织庆祝活动。此空前有现在分词修饰，又是做organize的宾语，应该用名词的形式，且官员组织的活动应该有很多，所以用名词复数形式，故填activities。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：清代甚至有“冬至和春节一样正式”的记载，体现了对冬至的高度重视。分析句子可知，空