2023年河南省洛阳市高考英语综合练习试卷（一）-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年河南省洛阳市高考英语综合练习试卷（一）一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）A

Part-TimeStoreAssociateLocation55HillwoodAveFallsChurch，VA22046QualificationsProvidepoliteandimmediatecustomerserviceDutiesProcesscustomerpurchases，performgeneralcleaningduties，andkeepstockshelvesandmerchandise（货物）displayscleanandneatOperateacashregisterefficientlyandaccuratelyAbilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment，includingelectric/manualhandjacks（千斤顶），floorscrubbers，andcardboardbalers（打包机）.GreetandreceivecustomersinawelcomingmannerRespondtocustomers'questionsandassistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocessPerformgeneralcleaningdutiestocompanystandardsInterpretandapplycompanypoliciesandproceduresCooperatewithteammembersandcommunicateclearlytothestoremanagementteamExcellentcommunicationskillsCheckerrorsandothergeneralproblemsWorkbothindependentlyandwithinateamenvironmentFollowthecashpoliciesandprocedurestominimizelossesAbilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment，includingelectric/manualhandjacks（千斤顶），floorscrubbers，andcardboardbalers（打包机）.PhysicalDemandsAbilitytostockmerchandisefromstorereceivingtoshelvingMeetanystateandlocalrequirementsforhandlingandsellingalcoholicdrinksAbilitytoplaceproducts，weighingupto45pounds（about20kilograms），onshelvesatvariousheightsEducationHighSchoolDiplomaorGEDPriorworkexperienceinaretailenvironmentpreferredRegularlyrequiredtosit，stand，bend，reach，push，pull，lift，carrygoodsandwalkaboutthestoreSalary＄15～＄18perhour（morethan10hoursbutfewerthan30hoursperweek）1.Whichisaresponsibilityofapart-timestoreassociate？______A.Helpingcustomerswithshopping.

B.Respondingtoonlinecustomerorders.

C.Deliveringgroceriestocustomers'homes.

D.Adjustingthecashpoliciesandprocedures.2.Whatisfundamentalforworkingasapart-timestoreassociate？______A.Havingadiplomaofuniversity.

B.Havingone-yearrelatedexperience.

C.Beingphysicallystrongandflexible.

D.BeingabletospeakEnglishfluently.3.Howmuchmoneycouldapart-timestoreassociatemakeatleastwithinaweek？______A.＄570 B.＄480 C.＄210 D.＄180BIt'sasmallpiece—merelyasquarebrickdrawingacurly-hairedArchangelGabriel—butitmaybetheoldestsurvivingartworkbytheRenaissancemasterLeonardoDaVinci.Ifconfirmed，thispaintingmayshowhistorianswhatDaVincilookedlikeasateenager.That'sbecausethe1471creationmay，infact，beaself-portrait（自画像）DaVincimadewhenhewasjust18yearsold.

However，manydoubttheartwork'sauthenticity（真实性）.MartinKemp，anretiredprofessorofarthistoryatOxfordUniversitywhoisaLeonardoexpert，dismissedtheclaimabsolutely，"ThechanceofitsbeingbyLeonardoislessthanzero，"KemptoldTheGuardian."ThesillyseasonforLeonardonevercloses."

Thenearly8-inch-by-8-inchsquarebrickmaycontainclueslinkingittoDaVinci，accordingtoErnestoSolari，anarthistorianandDaVinciexpert，andIvanaRosaBonfantino，ahandwritingexpert.Bothsaythatasignatureanddatewrittenontheangel'sjawline—whichreads"DaVinciLionardo"withthedate"1471"—closelymatchDaVinci'shandwriting.

Nexttothe1471datearethenumbers52and72.It'spossiblethatthe52isareferenceto1452，Leonardo'sbirthyear.Meanwhile，the7and2mayrefertotheletters"G"and"B"（Gistheseventhletterofthealphabet，andBisthesecond），whichcouldstandforGabriel.Thesenumbersare"morethanasignature，itistypicalofthefamouspuzzlesthathelovedallhislife，"Solarisaid.

Whenanalyzingthehandwriting，BonfantinorevieweddocumentsknowntobelongtoDaVinci.Bonfantinonoticedthatthe"1"inthe1471datewasshorterthantheothernumbers，whichmatchedthepreviousexamplesofDaVinci'swriting.4.Whatdoesthepassagetellaboutthepainting？______A.Itishighermorethaneight-inch.

B.Itisaself-portraitdrawnbyhistorians.

C.ItmaybetheoldestartworkdrawnbyLeonardoDaVinci.

D.Itisonlyasquarepiecewithacurly-hairedmalecharacter.5.WhatdoesMartinKempthinkof"theself-portraitofDaVinci"？______A.Authentic. B.Skeptical. C.Valuable. D.Silly.6.WhydoSolariandBonfantinothinkthepaintingcontainscluesaboutDaVinci？______A.Itistypicalofhimtoexpresslove.

B.Ithasanimportantinfluenceonhim.

C.Thenumbersnexttothe1471arehisbirthday.

D.Thesignatureanddatearethesameashishandwriting.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext？______A.ADoubtfulPaintingfromDaVinci

B.ADiscussionabouttheOldestArtwork

C.AnIntroductionaboutDaVinci'sPainting

D.ADescriptionaboutDaVinci'sHandwritingCTwo-thirdsoftheworldpopulationlivesunderconditionswherethefreshwaterdemandismorethantwicethenaturalwateravailabilityforatleastonemonthperyear.Accordingtoofficialstatistics，1billionofthoseliveinIndiaand0.9billionliveinChina.OtherareasfacingthisproblemforlongerperiodsincludeBangladesh（130millionpeople），thewesternandsouthernstatesoftheUSA（130million），Pakistan（120million），Nigeria（110million），andMexico（90million）.

Communitiesusearangeoftechniquestoovercomethisproblem.Indrysummers，thosenearthecoastcandesalinate（淡化）seawater，althoughtheprocessrequiresalargeamountofenergyandexpense.Someremoteinlandcommunitieshavealternativemethodsthatsuittheirparticularconditions.Forexample，manyhigh-altitudeChileancommunitiesintheAndesusefogcollectors，specializednetsthatcangatherjustafewlitersaday.

Elsewhere，there'sanotherchoiceavailable.ResearchersatETHZurichhavedevelopedanewdevicethatpassivelyharvestswaterfromtheairaroundtheclock.Thedeviceismadeupofaspeciallycoatedglasssheetthatreflectssolarradiationandalsoradiatesawayitsownheat.Indoingso，itcoolsdownbyasmuchas15degreesCelsiusbelowthesurroundingtemperatures.Thisdifferenceintemperaturebetweentheairandthesheetcauseswatervaportocondense（凝结）onitsunderside，whichcanthenbeeasilycollected.

TestssofarhavebeenconductedonauniversitybuildinginZurichandsuggestthatthedevicecanproducetwiceasmuchwaterperdayasotherpassivewater-collectiontechnologies.Underidealconditions，researchersharvested0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremetreofthesurfaceperhour."That'sclosetothetheoreticalmaximumvalueof0.6decilitresperhour，whichisphysicallyimpossibletodo，"saysIwanHachler，adoctoralstudentwhoisworkingonthetechnology.Thezero-energyinputoftheset-upcouldmakeitsuitableforuseindevelopingcountries，particularlyinremotecommunitieswherewaterlackisoftencombinedwithpowershortages.Thescientistsarehopefulthatthedevicecouldbeusedwithotherwater-collectionmethods，suchasdesalination，toincreaseproductivity.8.What'stheauthor'spurposebymentioningofficialstatisticsinParagraph1？______A.Freshwaterinsecurityisaglobalcrisis.

B.Waterresourcesareunevenlydistributedglobally.

C.Lackofwaterseriouslyrestrictsmanycountries'growth.

D.Developedcountriesarebetterathandlingwatershortages.9.Whyisacoatedglasssheetusedinthenewdevice？______A.Toholdthecondensedwater.

B.Toworkasacoolingsurface.

C.Togetridofharmfulsolarradiation.

D.Torecordthechangesintemperature.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewdevice？______A.Itproducessatisfyingoutcomes.

B.Itislimitedtolaboratoryenvironments.

C.Ithasmetwiththeoreticalbottlenecks.

D.Itneedsfurtherconfirmationfromexperts.11.Whencanthezero-energydeviceharvestthemostwater？______A.Atnight. B.Inthemorning. C.Intheevening. D.Atnoon.DMusicisapartofeveryculturearoundtheworld.Infact，theabilitytoappreciatemusicisbuiltintoourbrains.Musicmakesusfeelgood.Manymusicstudieslookatthelong-termbenefitsofbeingamusiclistenerorparticipatinginamusicprogramasachild.Butcanlisteningtomusichelpusconnectandempathize（产生共鸣）withsomeonerightatthemoment？Anewstudyaimedtofinditout.

Inthisstudy，60universitystudentswereaskedtowatchseveral15-secondvideosinwhichapersonrecountsanautobiographical（自传体的）experience.Insomecases，peopleinthevideotalkaboutarelativelyordinaryevent，likemovingintoanewapartment，whileotherstoriescontainstrongemotionalcontent，likerecallingaterribleaccidentoralovedone'sdeath.

Whilethestudentswatchedthesevideos，theresearchersrandomlyplayedeither"emotionallyneutral"musicorverysadmusicinthebackground.Afterwatchingeachvideo，thestudentsexpressedhowmuchsympathytheyhadforthepersoninthevideo，andhowmuchtheywantedtohelpthatperson.Theywerealsotestedontheirsocialreasoningskills—howwelltheyunderstoodtheperspectiveofthepersoninthevideo.Allofthesecouldbesignsofempathicconnection.

Resultsshowedthatpeoplewatchingthesadvideosfeltmoresadnessthemselvesandmoresympathyfortheotherpersonthanthosewatchingtheneutralvideos—notabigsurprise.Buttheseempathicfeelingswerestrengthenedbylisteningtosadmusic.Themusichadnoeffect，however，onwhetherornotthestudentscouldreasonouttheotherperson'sexperienceandunderstandcognitivelywhattheymightbethinkingorfeeling.

Whilemusicisnottheonlyway—otherartforms，likefictionanddancing，havealsobeenshowntoincreaseempathy，forexample—musiccouldbeapowerfultool."It'dbeveryinterestingtoextendourfindingfurther，toseeiflisteningtomusicinasocialcontextcanenhanceourreal-worldabilitytoempathizewithandfeelsympathyforothersinthelongterm，"saystheleadresearcherBrennanMcDonald.12.Whatdidthenewstudywanttofindout？______A.Whethermusicisculture-specific.

B.Whethermusiccanarouseemotions.

C.Whethermusiccanstrengthenthesocialeffect.

D.Whethermusicprogramscanimproveconfidence.13.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtododuringthestudy？______A.Tofilmashortautobiographicalvideo.

B.Tosharetheirunpleasantexperiences.

C.Tothinkupwaystohelpthoseinneed.

D.Towatchvideoswhilelisteningtomusic.14.Whichofthefollowingbelongstotheopinionoftheresearchers'？______A.Wecanincreaseoursympathybyusingsomemusic.

B.Musichelpsusunderstandothers'thinkingprocesses.

C.Mostadultsaremuchmoreemotionalthanchildren.

D.Musiccanimpactusbothemotionallyandintellectually.15.WhatwilltheresearcherBrennanprobablydonext？______A.Studydifferenttypesofmusic.

B.Testtheeffectofmusiconpeople.

C.Findwaystomakepeopleconcerned.

D.Comparetheeffectofdifferentartforms.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Ifyou'reshyoranxiousbynature，youmayworryyou'renotagoodconversationalist.It'simportanttostayengagedinanyconversation，sotheotherpersonfeelsvalued.Whenyoustartaconversation，remaincalm.Trytofindanobservationorinsighttogettheconversationgoing.Fromthere，askquestions，listen，andofferinsight.（1）______.

Startaconversation

Practiceaheadoftimeifyou'reeasytobeanxious.Manypeoplefeelmorerelaxediftheygivethemselvestimetoprepareconversationstartersaheadoftime.（2）______.Youcould，forexample，talkaboutanassignmentifyou'remakingaconversationinclass.

Keepaconversationmoving

（3）______.Agreatwaytokeepaconversationrunningsmoothlyistoaskaseriesofquestionsabouttheotherperson.Askquestionsaboutwhattheotherpersonissaying.Makearulethat，beforeyoubringupyourownexperiencesorinterests，youaskatleastonequestionaboutwhattheotherpersonsaid.

（4）______

Whenapersonistalking，payattentiontowhatthey'resaying.Keepyourmindfocusedonthepresentmomentinsteadofplanningwhatyou'llsaynext.It'sinevitablethatyouwillthinkofsomethingthatrelates.That'sokay.Itcanbegoodtohavesomeresponsesreadybutdon'tspendtimethinkingofhowtowordyourresponses.

Allowtheconversationtocometoanaturalend

Mostconversationswillruntheircourse.（5）______Youmaynoticenaturalpausescomingbetweentopicsandenthusiasmwillhavedecreasedslightly.Inthiscase，gracefullyleavetheconversationongoodterms.

A.Speakclearlyandavoidsilence

B.Thiswillkeeptheconversationmoving

C.Remembertoengageinonlyonethingatatime

D.Thiscanhelpyouformaconnectionwiththeotherperson

E.Youcanwritedownalistofpotentialconversationstarters

F.Peoplewanttofeelthattheotherpersonisinterestedinthem

G.Youandtheotherpersonmayhavebeenexhausteddiscussingatopic16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）WhenwemovedintoourhomeinMaui，Hawaii.16yearsago，onegoodthingaboutthishousewasthehugeavocado（鳄梨）treegrowinginthebackyard.

ThistreegavethemostdeliciousavocadosIhaveever（1）______.Ilivedontheseavocadoswhen（2）______myfirstchild.（3）______avocadowastheveryfirstfoodformykids.Thistreewassohugethatit（4）______amassiveshadowoverourbackyard.Itwas（5）______ourmagicaltree.

Untiloneday，someonefromtheHealthDepartmentcametotellusthatouravocadotreewastoo（6）______andneededtrimming（修整）.InNewYork，yougetin（7）______ifyoudon't（8）______thesnowoffyoursidewalk.Here，it'swhenyourtreesaretoohigh.Soalongcamethetrimmer.（9）______justthetrunkandafew（10）______.Iwassad.Thekidswereall（11）______.Somefriendswhoknewitwouldsay，"It'sgoingto（12）______back.Yournextavocadoswillbecrazy!"Yeah，whatever.Thetreeisgone，so（13）______doingthat.Itjustdidn'twork.

Butafewdayslater，Inoticedsomeunusualbutterflies（14）______aroundtheyard.Andthen，thesuncameinthekitchencreatingthispleasant（15）______onceblockedbythehugetree.Afteraboutamonth，Istartedtonoticesometinygreen（16）______comingoutofthecutbranches，whicheventually（17）______full-onbrightgreenleaves.

Istartedtofeellikeallwasgoingtobefine，kindoflikelife.Littledoweknowwhatseemsreallydifficultisactuallylife'swayofmakingus（18）______.It'slife'swayofbringinginthebutterflies，the（19）______，andthedelightfulflowers.Weallknowthatfamous（20）______，"ItwillbeOKintheend.Ifit'snot，it'snottheend."21.

A.smelt B.tasted C.bought D.received22.

A.educating B.assessing C.nursing D.training23.

A.Fresh B.Ugly C.Soft D.Sour24.

A.created B.shared C.pictured D.cast25.

A.secretly B.truly C.suddenly D.randomly26.

A.large B.strange C.accessible D.valuable27.

A.risk B.silence C.trouble D.dark28.

A.gather B.drag C.pile D.clear29.

A.cutting B.leaving C.burning D.breaking30.

A.pears B.leaves C.flowers D.branches31.

A.sad B.angry C.annoyed D.excited32.

A.root B.spread C.grow D.come33.

A.continue B.stop C.regret D.remember34.

A.flying B.fighting C.screaming D.singing35.

A.peace B.atmosphere C.warmth D.wildness36.

A.insects B.worms C.balls D.shoots37.

A.turnedinto B.fadedaway C.tookup D.threwaway38.

A.prouder B.stronger C.wealthier D.wiser39.

A.shadow B.snow C.food D.sunshine40.

A.truth B.secret C.saying D.idea四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.Chinesejumprope，alsoknownasChineseropes，isachildren'sgameresemblinghopscotch（跳房子）andjumprope.Onereason（1）______itspopularityisthefactthatalthoughthemovescanbequite（2）______（challenge），thegameitselfisverysimple.There'snoneed（3）______（buy）expensiveequipmentsincewhatplayersneedisonlyarope.Chinesejumpropecombinestheskillsofhopscotchwithsomeofthepatternsfromahand-and-stringgamecalledcat'scradle（摇篮）.It（4）______（begin）in7th-centuryChina.Inthe1960s，childrenintheWesternworldadoptedthegame.Thegameis（5）______（typical）playedinagroupofatleast3playerswitharopeabout16feetin（6）______（long）tiedintoacircle.Twoplayersfaceeachotherstanding9feetapart，（7）______positiontheropearoundtheiranklessothatitistaut（拉紧的）.The（8）______（three）playerstandsbetweenthetwosidesoftheropeandtriestoperformaseriesofmoveswithoutmakinganerrororpausing.Therearemanyjumppatterns，mostofwhichareaccompaniedbyasong.Thisissometimescalledthe"firstlevel".（9）______jumpertriestocompletethechosenpattern.Ifthemoves（10）______（complete）successfully，thentheropeismovedfartherupandtheseriesisrepeated.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Oneevening，Iwasridingbackhomewhenitsuddenlyrained.Istopcyclingandputontheraincoatcarriedalongwithme.Beforegoingonwithmyjourney，Ifoundanoldmancatchingintherain.Heisseatedinawheelchair，withoutumbrellaoraraincoat.Bigraindropsviolentlyfellonhiscoat，leavingbigroundmark.Hecouldn'tmovefast，lookinganxiety.Iwenttohimorcoveredhisbodywithhisraincoat.Knowinghelivedinnearby，Iwalkedhimhome."Whathelpfulaguyyouare!"themansaidtomethankfully.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.某英语报社面向中学生征文，题目为Myexperienceofdoinghousework。请写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：

（1）你做家务的经历；

（2）你的感受和收获。

注意：（1）词数100左右；

（2）短文题目已为你写好。

Myexperienceofdoinghousework

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Duties部分的Respond

to

customers'

questions

and

assist

customers

with

their

shopping

process（回答顾客的问题，帮助顾客购物）可知兼职店员的职责是帮助顾客购物。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据Physical

Demands（体力要求）部分中Ability

to

place

products，weighing

up

to

45

pounds

（about

20

kilograms），on

shelves

at

various

heights（能够将重达45磅（约20公斤）的产品放置在不同高度的货架上）和Regularly

required

to

sit，stand，bend，reach，push，pull，lift，carry

goods

and

walk

about

the

store（经常需要坐、站、弯腰、伸手、推、拉、举、拿货物和在店内走动）可知，兼职店员需要体力强壮且灵活。A．Having

a

diploma

of

university.有大学文凭；B．Having

one-year

related

experience.有一年相关经验；C．Being

physically

strong

and

flexible.身体强壮灵活；D．Being

able

to

speak

English

fluently.能够流利地说英语。故选C。

（3）数字计算题。根据Salary部分中＄15～＄18

per

hour（more

than

10

hours

but

fewer

than

30

hours

per

week）（每小时15～18元（每周超过10小时但少于30小时））可知，每周的工作时间超过10小时但少于30小时，每小时15～18美元，故兼职店员一周至少能赚180美元，故选D。

这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一个兼职店员职位的相关信息及要求。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段It's

a

small

piece

—

merely

a

square

brick

drawing

a

curly-haired

Archangel

Gabriel

—

but

it

may

be

the

oldest

surviving

artwork

by

the

Renaissance

master

Leonardo

Da

Vinci.（这是一件很小的作品仅仅是一块方砖，上面画着卷发天使加百列但它可能是文艺复兴时期大师列奥纳多•达•芬奇现存最古老的艺术品）可知，这幅画可能是列奥纳多•达•芬奇画的最古老的艺术品。故选C。

（2）观点态度题。根据第二段However，many

doubt

the

artwork's

authenticity

（真实性）.Martin

Kemp，an

retired

professor

of

art

history

at

Oxford

University

who

is

a

Leonardo

expert，dismissed

the

claim

absolutely，

"The

chance

of

its

being

by

Leonardo

is

less

than

zero，"

Kemp

told

The

Guardian.（然而，许多人怀疑艺术品的真实性。牛津大学艺术史退休教授、达芬奇研究专家马丁•坎普断然驳斥了这一说法，他告诉《卫报》："这幅画出自达芬奇之手的可能性小于零。"）可知，马丁•坎普对"达•芬奇的自画像"持怀疑态度。A．Authentic.真实的；B．Skeptical.怀疑的；C．Valuable.有价值的；D．Silly.愚蠢的。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Both

say

that

a

signature

and

Date

written

on

the

angel's

jawline

—

which

reads

"Da

Vinci

Lionardo"

with

the

Date"1471"—closely

match

Da

Vinci's

handwriting.（两人都说，天使下巴上的签名和日期写着"达芬奇•里奥纳多"，日期是"1471"与达芬奇的笔迹非常吻合）可知，索拉里和邦凡蒂诺认为这幅画包含了达芬奇的线索因为签名和日期与他的笔迹相同。故选D。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段It's

a

small

piece

—

merely

a

square

brick

drawing

a

curly-haired

Archangel

Gabriel

—

but

it

may

be

the

oldest

surviving

artwork

by

the

Renaissance

master

Leonardo

Da

Vinci.If

confirmed，this

painting

may

show

historians

what

Da

Vinci

looked

like

as

a

teenager.That's

because

the

1471

creation

may，in

fact，be

a

self-portrait

（自画像）

Da

Vinci

made

when

he

was

just

18

years

old.（这是一件很小的作品仅仅是一块方砖，上面画着卷发天使加百列但它可能是文艺复兴时期大师列奥纳多•达•芬奇现存最古老的艺术品。如果得到证实，这幅画可能会向历史学家展示达芬奇十几岁时的样子。这是因为这幅1471年的作品实际上可能是达•芬奇18岁时创作的自画像）并结合文章主要介绍了一副可能出自达芬奇之手的画作，专家对此有不同的看法。可知，A选项"达芬奇的一幅可疑画作"最符合文章标题。故选A。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一副可能出自达芬奇之手的画作，专家对此有不同的看法。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、B、A、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Two-thirds

of

the

world

population

lives

under

conditions

where

the

freshwater

demand

is

more

than

twice

the

natural

water

availability

for

at

least

one

month

per

year.（三分之二的世界人口每年至少有一个月生活在淡水需求量是自然供水量两倍以上的条件下。）可知作者想通过在第一段提到官方统计数据告诉我们，淡水不安全是一个全球性的危机。A．Fresh

water

insecurity

is

a

global

crisis.淡水不安全是一个全球性的危机；B．Water

resources

are

unevenly

distributed

globally.水资源在全球分布不均；C．Lack

of

water

seriously

restricts

many

countries'

growth.缺水严重制约了许多国家的发展；D．Developed

countries

are

better

at

handling

water

shortages.发达国家更擅长处理水资源短缺问题。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段The

device

is

made

up

of

a

specially

coated

glass

sheet

that

reflects

solar

radiation

and

also

radiates

away

its

own

heat.In

doing

so，it

cools

down

by

as

much

as

15

degrees

Celsius

below

the

surrounding

temperatures.This

difference

in

temperature

between

the

air

and

the

sheet

causes

water

vapor

to

condense

（凝结）

on

its

underside，which

can

then

be

easily

collected.（该装置由一块特殊涂层的玻璃板组成，它可以反射太阳辐射，同时也会散发出自身的热量。在这个过程中，它会比周围的温度低15摄氏度。空气和薄板之间的温度差异导致水蒸气在薄板的底部凝结，然后很容易收集）可知，在新设备中使用镀膜玻璃板是为了作为冷却表面。A．To

hold

the

condensed

water.来容纳冷凝水；B．To

work

as

a

cooling

surface.作为冷却表面；C．To

get

rid

of

harmful

solar

radiation.消除有害的太阳辐射；D．To

record

the

changes

in

temperature.来记录温度的变化。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Tests

so

far

have

been

conducted

on

a

university

building

in

Zurich

and

suggest

that

the

device

can

produce

twice

as

much

water

per

day

as

other

passive

water-collection

technologies.Under

ideal

conditions，researchers

harvested

0.53

decilitres

of

water

per

square

metre

of

the

surface

per

hour.（到目前为止，在苏黎世的一所大学建筑上进行的测试表明，该设备每天的产水量是其他被动集水技术的两倍。在理想条件下，研究人员每小时从每平方米表面收集0.5（3分）升的水）可推知，这个新设备产生令人满意的结果。A．It

produces

satisfying

outcomes.它产生令人满意的结果；B．It

is

limited

to

laboratory

environments.它仅限于实验室环境；C．It

has

met

with

theoretical

bottlenecks.它遇到了理论瓶颈；D．It

needs

further

confirmation

from

experts.需要专家进一步确认。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段Researchers

at

ETH

Zurich

have

developed

a

new

device

that

passively

harvests

water

from

the

air

around

the

clock.The

device

is

made

up

of

a

specially

coated

glass

sheet

that

reflects

solar

radiation

and

also

radiates

away

its

own

heat.In

doing

so，it

cools

down

by

as

much

as

15

degrees

Celsius

below

the

surrounding

temperatures.This

difference

in

temperature

between

the

air

and

the

sheet

causes

water

vapor

to

condense

（凝结）

on

its

underside，which

can

then

be

easily

collected.（苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员开发了一种新设备，可以全天候被动地从空气中收集水分。该装置由一块特殊涂层的玻璃板组成，它可以反射太阳辐射，同时也会散发出自身的热量。在这个过程中，它会比周围的温度低15摄氏度。空气和薄板之间的温度差异导致水蒸气在薄板的底部凝结，然后很容易收集）可知，温差越大，水越容易收集，一天中最热的时候是中午，所以零能耗设备中午能收获最多的水。故选D。

这是一篇说明文。主要说明了苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员开发了一种新设备，可以全天候被动地从空气中收集水分。介绍了这种设备的工作原理以及效果。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段But

can

listening

to

music

help

us

connect

and

empathize

with

someone

right

at

the

moment？A

new

study

aimed

to

find

it

out.（但听音乐能帮助我们在当下与某人建立联系并产生共鸣吗？一项新的研究旨在找出答案。）可知，新的研究是想弄清楚音乐是否能提升社会效应。故选C项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段While

students

watched

these

videos，the

researchers

randomly

played

either

"emotionally

neutral"

music

or

very

sad

music

in

the

background.（当学生们观看这些视频时，研究人员随机播放"情绪中性"的音乐或非常悲伤的背景音乐。）可知，参与者在研究过程中被要求边听不同的背景音乐边看视频。故选D项。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段While

music

is

not

the

only

way

—

other

art

forms，like

fiction

and

dancing，have

also

been

shown

to

increase

empathy，for

example—music

could

be

a

powerful

tool.（虽然音乐不是唯一的方式，其他艺术形式，如小说和舞蹈，也被证明可以增加同理心，但音乐可能是一个强大的工具。）可推知，我们可以使用某些音乐来增加我们的共情能力。故选A项。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"It'd

be

very

interesting

to

extend

our

finding

further，to

see

if

listening

to

music

in

a

social

context

can

improve

our

real-world

ability

to

empathize

with

and

feel

sympathy

for

others

in

the

long

term，'

says

the

lead

researcher

Brennan

McDonald.（首席研究员布伦南•麦克唐纳说：

"进一步扩展我们的发现将非常有趣，看看在社交环境中听音乐是否能长期提高我们在现实世界中对他人产生共鸣和同情的能力。"）可知，研究人员布伦南接下来可能会测试音乐对人的长期影响。A．Study

different

types

of

music.学习不同类型的音乐；B．Test

the

effect

of

music

on

people.测试音乐对人的影响；C．Find

ways

to

make

people

concerned.想办法让大家关注；D．Compare

the

effect

of

different

art

forms.比较不同艺术形式的效果。故选B项。

本文是一篇说明文。音乐是全世界文化的一部分，那么听音乐能否帮助我们与此刻的某个人产生共情能力呢？一项新的研究试图去弄清楚这一点。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】B、E、F、C、G【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文Trytofindanobservationorinsighttogettheconversationgoing.