2015海天四六级段落翻译

大四六级新题(：老师/公 ：英语四级段落翻译题型15%，考试时间30济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200样卷试剪纸(paprutn)最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(theMngandQingDynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的。Papercuttingisoneof ’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts. papercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity. papercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.评分标准及评卷实档评分标13-15译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9档评分标13-15译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6的严重语言错误。1-3译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。档评分标准档评分标准13-15有2处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时15有5处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介14有7处不明显的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介1310-12有一个12有3处明显语11有4处明显语107-95948374-6内容基本表达，有两个句6一个句5没有一个正确句子，但有三个句41-3内容基本表达，但所有句子都有错误和严重错误。严重错误少3严重错误多2严重错10未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。根据“创作的翻译”，不给分。0评卷实许多人喜欢中餐，，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（uritin）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。（二）翻译方法与策略——“拆分组合+结构优化【翻译原文（InformationTechnology），正在飞速的发展，也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。第一步：拆分第二步：优化Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology, Citizensareputtingmoreemphasisonit.SomeschoolsanduniversitiesevenmakeInformationTechnologyoneofthecompulsorycourses.Peopleholddifferentviewsonthisphenomenon.SomepeopledeemthatitisunnecessarytomakeInformationTechnologyarequiredcourseinschools.Studentsshouldlearntraditionalcurriculum.However,otherpeoplethinkthatitshouldbeso,andtheyholdtheattitudethat shouldkeeppacewiththetimes.Anyway,itisagoodthingthatInformationTechnologyhasdrawnpeople’sattention.【练目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人类自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧!否则，地球将在人类手中，人类将在自己手中。Atpresent,man’slivingenvironmentisbeingruined,andbeautifulnatureisnolongersobeautiful.Protectionofwildlifeisprotectionofmanhimself.Therefore,Iappealstronglytostopkillingthechimpanzeeoranyotherwildanimals.Onlyinthiswaycanourhumanbeingshavemorefriendsontheearth,andleavemorewildlifeforfuturegenerations.Otherwise,theearthwouldbedestroyedbyman,andmanbymanhimself.到中国来旅游观光的人很少不会注意到学习英语的劲头。公园里有专门的英语角，人们会定期聚在一起操练。马外国游客常常被学习英语的人围住交谈，从天气到政治，无所不谈。各种英语班如雨后春笋在到处出现。Fewvisitorsto willfailtonoticetheeagernessofthe tolearnEnglish.InpublicparkstherearespecialEnglishcornerswherelearnersgatheratregulartimetopractisetheirspokenEnglish.ForeignvisitorsareoftenbesiegedonstreetsbyEnglishlearnerswhowanttotalkwiththeminEnglishaboutanythingfromweathertopolitics.Englishclassesaremushroomingacrosstheland.过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、 、收音机、电视机——当然还有核和计算机。而近50年来，Actuallythepastfiftyyearswasnotthegoldenageofinventionandinnovation.From1900to1950,humanlifewastransformedbysuchinventionascars,airnes, ephones,radiosandevisionsets,nottomentionnuclearweaponsandthecomputer.However,duringtherecent50yearsonlyafewinventionshavebeenmade.WasthewellspringofinventiondryingNotlikely.Indeed,anewageofinventionisjust有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人Somepeopleareworryingthatthewideuseofcomputertechnologywillcausefurtherunemployment.Anotherargument,however,holdsthatalthoughsomeindividualswilllosetheirjobs,societyasawholewillbenefiteconomicallythroughincreasesinproductivity.Whatevereffectsitwillbringonthesociety,onethingiscertain:thetechnicallytrainedwilleevermorevaluablewhilethejobsfortheblue-collarpopulationwill eless不管是在一个公司，还是在一个里，重大的决定总是个人作出的，而不是集体。我们需要集体的讨论，因为可以交流看法和经验。但是集体讨论不能代替个人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一个重大的决定，集体总是不能对迅速变化的作出同样迅速的反应。Animportantdecisionisalwaysmadebyindividualsnotbycommitteeswhetheritinvolvesaoraernment.Weneedcommitteesbecausethat’swherepeoplecouldshareopinionsandexperiences.Buttheycouldnotreceindividuals.Thereasonisobvious:acommitteefacedwithamajordecisioncan’talwaysmoveasquicklyastheeventsitistryingtorespondto.【练上大学给人们提供了在无边无际的知识海洋里遨游探索的机会。为了丰富多彩的人生，大学生应该充分利用目前读大学的大好时光。应该上大学决不仅仅意味着得到一个学位，得到一个好的工作。他如果能多学习，不仅仅职位找一份工作，就会终生受益。Collegeprovidesachancetoexplorethevastareasofunlimitedknowledge.Tohavearichfulllifeacollegestudentshouldmakethemostoftheopportunitiesathand.Heshouldrealizethatgoingtocollegemeansalotmorethanearningadegreeandsecuringagoodjob.Ifhecanexplorebeyondhisimmediatecareerobjectiveshewillenjoytherestofhislife.文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳。通过举办文化节，许多在世界上的知名度提高了。已经证明，对促进和世界其他地方人民之间的交流来说，这是最Cultureisthebestmediumforpeopleofdifferentcountriestounderstandeachother.Throughculturefestivals,manycitiesin haveraisedtheirprestigeintheworld.Ashasbeenproventhat,thisisoneofthebestwaystopromotethecommunicationbetween andthepeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thiskindofcommunicationisnotonlyconfinedtoculture,butextendstoeconomyandotherfields.，是一项伟大的发明。但很显然，也刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条公告：请与会者关闭。可是，会议室里铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少特别重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉。打开象征着我们与的联系。显然，手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。(tirst rsocilzation)Thecellphoneisagreatinvention.Butobviously,ithasalteredtherelationshipamongpeople.Thereisusuallyanoticeonthedoorofthemeetingroom,whichreads,“Pleaseturnoffyourhand-set.”However,phonesringnowandthenwhenthemeetinggoeson.Wearebutordinarypeopleandhavefewurgenciestotacklewith.Nevertheless,wewillnotswitchoffourphoneseasily.Phones-onsymbolizesourconnectingwiththisworld.Obviously,cellphonehasbeenreflectingour“thirstforsocialization”.在过去0年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。用了多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番而中国却翻了两番。中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型(lbor-nenie)产品的主要生产国。Overthelasttwodecades,nocountryintheworldhasexpandeditsforeigntradeasfast.Japantookmorethan20yearstodoubleitsforeigntrade,while,forthesamelengthoftime,hasquadrupleditsforeigntrade.Alreadytheworld’sthirdlargestproducerofelectricappliances, isnowyingamajorroleintheglobalmarketoftheelectric hasalso eamajorproduceroflabor-intensivemanufacturedgoodsintheworld.是人类创造的世界之一。如果你到了中国却没去过，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到非好汉。”实际上，最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的——东起山，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在修TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatwascreatedbyhumanbeings!Ifyoucometo withoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it'sjustlikegoingtoPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnot ethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.丝绸的故乡。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中流贸易的新。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，文化的象征。isthehomeofsilk.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties,the people’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty,ZhangQian,anoutstandingdiplomat,travelledaroundcentralAsiaandwiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon, ’ssilkbecamewell-knownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantcultureconnotations. silkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolof 中国新年最重要的传统节日，也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节，即农历最后一个月的最后一天只新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运，迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联，对联的为健康，发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭，探亲访友等。NewYear, 'smostimportanttraditionalfestivalin,isalsoknownastheSpringFestival.NewYear’scelebrationstartsonNewYear’sEveandcontinuesuptotheLanternFestival,thelastdayofthelastmonthofthelunarcalendaronthe15thdayofthefirstmonthoftheNewYear.CustomsandtraditionsofNewYear’scelebrationvarywidely,butusuallyeveryfamilyreunitestoeatdinnertogetheronNewYear’sEve.Todrivebadluck, egoodluck,everyhouseholdwillcarryoutgeneralcleaning.Peoplewillhaveredcoupletspastedonthedoor,andthethemesareabouthealth,wealthandgoodfortune.Otheractivitiesincludefirecrackers,andvisitingfriendsandrelatives,andsoon.，茶具有非常悠久的历史，并已形成了中国茶文化。与此同时，茶有益于我们的健从此茶的精神神渗透到了宫廷和社会，深入到中国的诗词，绘画，书法，，医学。几In,teahasaverylonghistory,and teaculturehasbeenformed.Meanwhile,theteaisgoodforourhealth,solovedbymanypeople. teacultureisbroadandprofound,includesnotonlythematerialandculturallevel,butalsoadeepspirituallevel.'steacanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes,andexperiencedprosperityinTangdynastyandtheSongdynasty.TeaspiritofGodhasinfiltratedthePalaceandthecommunity,reachingoutto poetry,painting,calligraphy,religion,medicine.Forthousandsofyears, hasaccumulatedalotofmaterialcultureaboutteacultivationandproduction,andalsoenrichesthespiritualcultureoftea.京剧是一种传统的中国戏剧形式。它结合了音乐，声乐演唱，哑剧（ime），舞蹈和杂技（crobtcs）等表现形式。京剧兴起于8世纪晚期，并在9世纪中期前得到充分发展与认可。这种艺术形式在清朝时的宫廷极度流行，并且逐渐被视为中国的文化瑰宝之一。这种艺术形式在也得以保存，称作国剧。并且也流传到诸如和等其他国家。Pekingoperaisaformoftraditional drama.Itcombinesmusic,vocalperformance,mime,danceandacrobatics.Itaroseinthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.TheformwasextremelypopularintheQingDynastycourtandhascometoberegardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresof .Theartformisalsop in,whereitisknownasGuoju.IthasalsospreadtoothercountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapan.风筝的故乡。放风筝有益于身体健康，所以，许多国家十分流行放风筝。不仅把放风筝当作有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝作为装饰挂在墙上。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国民的欢迎。近年来，山东潍坊每年都要举行国际风筝节。isthebirthceofkites.Becauseflyingkitesisbeneficialtoone’shealth,itispopularityinmanycountries. notonlyregarditasaninterestinggameasasasporthelkeepfit,butalsohangkitesonthewallfordecoration. whicharepopularallovertheworld,arenowavailableforsaleinJapan,SoutheastAsiaandmanycountriesinEuropeandAmerica.Inrecentyears,theannualInternationalKiteFestivalhasbeenheldinWeifangofShProvince.“灯节”或者叫做“元宵节”的传统佳节，在每年的农历正月十五这一天庆祝。元宵节的到来也标志着春节的结束。元宵节的传统可以追溯到西汉时期。根据传统，在这一天，人们吃元宵，猜字谜并焰火。元宵或者叫做汤圆是元宵节这一天必吃的食物。元宵这种食物实际上是甜馅饺子的一种，用粘糯米和甜的馅料制成。TheLanternFestival,YuanxiaoJie,isatraditional festival,whichisonthe15thofthefirstmonthofthe NewYear.ThefestivalmarkstheendofthecelebrationsoftheNewYear. startedtocelebratetheLanternFestivalfromtheHanDynasty.Accordingtothetradition,peopleeatYuanxiao,guesslanternriddlesandwatchfireworksonthisday.YuanxiaowhichisalsocalledTangyuanisthespecialfoodfortheLanternFestival.Itisakindofsweetdumpling,whichismadewithstickyriceflourfilledwithsweet如果说“我喜欢中国菜”，这种说法似乎过于简单了。其实并不存在所谓的“中国菜”这一简单的概念。确切地说法应该是喜欢某一种菜系，或者喜欢某一地区的中国菜。像中国这样幅员辽阔、历史悠久而又复杂的国家，千百年来必然会形成具有鲜明地方烹饪特色的区域性菜系或帮菜。不可避免的差异是由地理位置、气候条件、交通状况、人口迁移、海外文化影响等因素所决定的。Ifyouhearsomeonesay“Ilove food”,heistakingtoomuchforgranted.Asamatteroffact,thereisnosuchsimplethingastheso-called“ food”.Amoreaccuratestatementinthisinstanceshouldbesuchthatexpressesone’spreferenceforaparticularcuisineoraparticularregionalwayofcooking.Withaterritoryaslargeandhistoryaslongandcomplexas ’s,itisinevitablethatdistinctregionaldifferencesincuisinehaveevolvedoverthecourseofcenturies.Numerousfactorsareinvolvedinthisinevitabledistinction:geography,climate,transportation,migration,influencefromoverseascultures,作为一种世代相袭的传统，就餐时围桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食（food），炒菜放在桌子，大家一起食用。这一古老的风俗习惯反映了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位；占据餐桌中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。当然，在一些卫生意识比较强的地方，人们在共食放在餐桌的菜肴时，必须使用“公筷或“公用”汤匙，以防疾病传染。Traditionally,everyoneatthe diningtablehashisorherownbowlofstaplefood,whilethedishesarecedinthemiddleofthedinnertabletobesharedbyall.Thisage-oldcustomisonemanifestationoftheimportanceoffoodin civilization.Itisthecookeddishes,ratherthanflowers,thatserveascenterpiecesona table;foodisfrequentlythemaintopicofdinner-timeconversation.Varietyinthecolorandtextureofthedishesservesaestheticends,whiletheritualofsharingthefoodfromthesamedishtesisconductivetofamilytogethernessandfriendship.Inmorehealth-consciousenvironments,however,only“public”chopsticksandspoonsareusedtoremovefoodfromthetesinthemiddleofthedinning-table,soastopreventanypossiblespreadofdiseases.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。各地的筷子大小基本一样，而用材的种类则各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、银、金等。使用筷子的方法很有艺术性，各人有各人的方法，就好像签名一样，不尽一致。一般都能随心所欲地用筷子夹起一粒米、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参。对于那些用餐时只会使叉的西方人来说，掌握用筷的方法和技巧开始时难度也许很大，也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要用心练习。Chopsticks,orkuaizi,arethemostdistinctiveeatingtoolatthe diningtable.Chopsticks,whichareroughlyuniforminsizethroughout,canbemadeofavarietyofmaterials,includingbamboo,wood,jade,ivory,stic,silverandgold.Thewayhandleourchopsticksisquite icandvariedfrom likeone'ssignature.Anaverage canveryeasilypickupasingletinygrainofrice,oratinypieceofpeas,oraslipperymushroomorseacucumber.ForthoseWesternerswhouseonlyforksandknivesfortheirmeals,themasteryofthemethodandskillsforusingchopsticksmaybequitechallenging,andamusing,atthebeginning.Alotofpatienceandconcentratedpracticeisrequired.Thisisnotonlyverynecessaryandbutalsoveryrewardingiftheywishtoenjoya 是座有三千年历史的古城。早在公元前十一世纪，就是燕国的国都，因此有燕京之称。在以后的几千年里，又成为金、元、明、清各朝的国都。 的六大古都之一，其他五个是西安、、洛阳、开封和杭州。是座既古老又年轻的城市，有许多名胜古迹。从故宫、天坛到，可以看到保留了许多昔日的风采。Beijngisnncientctyithaistryf,00yers.serlyste1thcentury,BC,itstecitlfteKinomfYn;ttswyBeijingislsoknnsnjin.ntefewtusndyersfterrd,Beijinginservedstecitlfrteinuan,inndQingdynsties.Beijingisnef ssixncientcitls;teterfiverein，njin,Luyn,Kifen,ndnzu.Beijngisacitybthldndyun,ithnycesfistriclintrestndscenicbeuty.rmteFrbidenCity,teTelefeven,ndteumerPlce,yucnseethtBeijingsretinedaltfclrfld现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看，他们就会有一种内疚感。到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人和健康。Collegestudentsnowbearheavyacademicpressure.Youwillfindthem—exceptseniorswhoarebeginningtolookforajob—alwaystoobusyinstudiestojoincampusorganizations,toobusytotakepartinsportsandotherextracurricularactivities,toobusytosharetheinterestsoftheirfriendsandtoobusytopayattentiontoanythingthatisnotconnectedwiththeirstudies.Inshorttheyhave enothingbutarobot.Theyareunderpressuretodotoomuchworkintoolittletime.Iftheirroommatesarestudyinginthelibraryuntilitclosesatmidnightwhiletheygotoamovietheywillfeelguilty.Theveryideaofngnothingduringthedaywillmakethem fortableandsleeplessallnight.Theystudysohardthattheyhavehardlyhadtimetosavorlifeandtopursueotherintereststogrowaswell-roundedpeople.Thepursuitofcollegeeducationcoststhemtoomuch alhappinessandhealth.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。Sometimesitisinter alskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountsinyourcareer.Inter alskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistenertobesensitivetowardothers’needstotakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakesandtaketheirshareofblamewhichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.That’swhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingswithotherstheyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinter alskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistaketheylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecamemoodyorangry.Theymarkthemselvesas“prickly”.越来越多受英文教育的海外父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。AnincreasingnumberofEnglish- parentsoverseashavecometorealizationthatwhileEnglishlearningisindispensabletotheirchildren,itisessentialthattheirkidshaveagoodcommandof ’srisehasfullyawakenedtheirawarenessofthefactthattheirkidscanbenefitfromtheirbilingualabilitywhichcannotonlyenhancetheircompetitivenessinthejobmarket,butalsofacilitatetheirexposuretoandfamiliaritywiththetwodifferentculturesbetweentheEastandtheWest.Theyhavehardlychangedtheirattitudestowards .AtonetimetheyproudlydeclaredthattheyknewEnglishonly.Now,theyhavebeguntogivefullsupporttotheirkidslearning anditsculture,andtheyalsomakeoccasionalvisitsto,wheretheycanenjoyitsmagnificentnaturallandscapeandgettoknowitsrichculturalheritage.原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IntotheTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.CanitUntiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.Sincethenthedebatehas elessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumnstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage. Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.ernmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsooneunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政)meown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabour,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoingInmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabour ashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingWesternEuropeforabout90%.Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelocountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelhandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslaboursinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowly eadifferentce.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartngso.Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfyinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).AskmeinThereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2Employersshouldrealizeitisimportanttokeepolderworkersinthe ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren. ernmentsinrichcountrieshavelaunchedboldreformstotackletheproblemofpopulationageing.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago,thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledintodoubt.CountriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendtoOne-childfamiliesaremorecommoninageingsocietiesduetothestressofurbanlifeandthedifficultiesofbalancingfamilyandcareer.Aseriesofbooks,mostlyauthoredbyAmericans,warnedof sbetweentheolderandyoungergenerations.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiestendtobelessinnovativeandtakefewerThebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementImmigrationasameanstoboosttheshrinkinglabour maymeetwith somerichcountries.Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingt