外国文学理论知到章节答案智慧树2023年湖南师范大学

外国文学理论知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新湖南师范大学第一章测试

Whatisthescientificmethodofresearchandhowaretheoriesformed?

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WhatmakestheorydifferentfromphilosophyaccordingtoRichardRorty?

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WhatmakestheoryspecificinCuller’sidea?

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Explainthesethreefeaturesoftheory:analyticalandspeculative;interdisciplinary;reflexive.

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Whatdowemeanwhenwesaytextsareopaque?

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第二章测试

ExplainwhyPlatoarguedthatthepaintingofacatorabitoffelinepoetryistwo-timesseparatedfromtherealityofideas.

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Platowaspessimisticaboutpoetryandpoets.Givetwoofhisarguments.

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WhydidHoracearguethatpoetryisausefulvehicleforinstruction?

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AkeyterminHoraceistheprincipleof“decorum.”Explainwhatitmeans.

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Longinususedtheterm“sublime”asan“echoofgreatnessofspirit”whichhasthepowertoprovoke“ecstasyinthereader.”Whatdoesthismeanandhowisitsignificanttopoetry?

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第三章测试

ChooseoneofthefollowingAristotelianideasandexplainit:deliberativerhetoric,forensicrhetoric,epideicticorpraise-and-blamerhetoric.

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Inlateantiquity,inaChristiancontext,rhetoricwasadaptedfromitspoliticalfunctionforreligiousapplication.Nameakeyfigureinthisprocess.

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Burke’sbasicdefinitionofrhetoricwas“Theuseofwordsbyhumanagentstoformattitudesorinduceactionsinotherhumanagents.”Explainwhathisdefinitionmeans.

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HowdidRichard’sThePhilosophyofRhetoric(1936)shiftrhetoricfromitsargumentationfunctiontoadeeperinvestigatingintolanguageitself?

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Ratcliffehasdemonstratedthreeformsofrhetoricallistening:metonymically;eavesdropping;pedagogically.Howdothesedepartfromclassicalideasofrhetoric?

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第四章测试

HowdidDescartes’“cogito,ergosum”contributetotheenlightenmentproject?

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Enlightenmentideasledtotheriseofhumanismwhichabandonedreligiousideologiesandinvolvedamajorepistemologicalshift.Explainthisshift.

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Thebeliefinhumanrationalityinvolvedhostilitytowardsotherformsorcarriersofauthority.Nameoneofthemandexplainwhetheryouagreewiththerationalattitudetowardsit.

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InBiographiaLiterariaColeridgeexplainshispositiononimagination,whichconsistsoftwoforms.Whatarethey?

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Whocoined“negativecapability”?Whatdoesitmean?

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第五章测试

Whatistheliterarycanon?

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Explainifatextcanbeinterpretedaccordingto“authorialintent.”

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Howdoesformalismchangethereader’srelationshipwiththetext?

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Formalismshiftsattentionfromtheauthortothetext.Isitpossibletoreadalltexts,evennon-literarytexts,fromthispointofview?

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Theargumentthatauthorsareinevitablylocatedinaparticularhistory,andthathistoryleavesitsimpactontheirwork,suggeststhattheworldisalwayspresentinthework.Explainhowtheworldashistoryisregisteredinliterarytexts.

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第六章测试

ExplaintheprinciplesofNewCriticismandhowitdevelopedinresponseto“extrinsic”criticalapproaches.

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WhatdoesAffectiveFallacymean,accordingtoT.S.Eliot?

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WhatistherelationshipbetweenNewCriticismandhistoryininterpretingliterarytexts?

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NewCriticismsearchesfor“intrinsicqualitiesoftexts.”Explainwhatthismeans.

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Whatdoestheopeningsentencein“TheStoryofanHour”do?

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Thisshortstoryusesmanysurprisingtwists.Consideringthetitleofthestory,too,whatdothesurprisesmean?

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Explainthecontradictionbetweenthemourningwomanandwhatsheseesoutsidethewindow.Whydidshefeelfreeandhappy?1.Whatisthescientificmethodofresearchandhowaretheoriesformed?

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第七章测试

FerdinanddeSaussureproposedthatlanguageisconsistedoftwoparts:LangueandParole.Explainwhateachmeans.

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Barthesarguesthata“writer”isactuallya“scriptor.”Explainhow,fromastructuralistpointofview,thischangeofterminologyindicatesconceptualchanges.

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Explaintheconceptof“interpretivecooperation”betweentheauthorandthereaderinEco’suse.

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Howcan“encyclopediccompetence”enrichtheinterpretationofatext?

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Interpretationsarenotrightorwrong,butmoreorlessconvincingorfactual.Howcanwedeterminewhichreadingismoreconvincingorfactual?

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第八章测试

Whattheoreticalperspectivesdoespost-structuralismsharewithstructuralism?

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Poststructuralismrejectsthatideaoflinguisticbinariesandtheirhierarchies.Howisthisargued?

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Derridausedtheterm“différance”tosuggest“differenceanddeferralofmeaning.”Whatdoesthistermmean?

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Explain“intertextuality”andelaborateonhowitinfluencesmeaningproductioninliterarytexts.

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HowdoesFoucaultformulatetheconceptofwritingand“author”in“WhatIsanAuthor?”

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第九章测试

Saussuremadethreeobservationsabouttherelationshipbetweenthesignifierandthesignified:arbitrariness,languageassystem,languageasrealityconstructor.Explainthem.

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Howcanhistorybeaproductoflanguage?

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Thehuman/naturebinaryisamajorcauseofthedestructionoftheenvironment.Explainhowthisbinaryledtodisastrousresultsintheworld.

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Whatconceptualbinarywasattocoreofcolonialrelations?

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Whodevelopedtheconceptoflogocentrism?

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第十章测试

WhatdidtheVictorianeraBritainidealizeaswomen’ssocialrole?

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Thesecondwaveoffeminism(1960s-1980s)wasshapedintheaftermathsofSecondWorldWar.Whatwerethedemandsofwomenduringthisera?

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Whatwerethetwosignificantquestionsforfeministliterarycriticism?

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Whoproposedecriturefeminine?

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Theshiftfromfeministtogendertheoryhappenrejectedtheideaofaunified“womanhood”andthemale-femalebinary.Explainhowthesetwocritiquesgaverisetogendertheory.

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第十一章测试

Whatisabinarygendersystem?

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Explainanddifferentiategenderidentityandsexualidentity.

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Whatlimitsoffeminismledtothedevelopmentofgendertheory?

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WhatdoesButler’s“genderperformativity”meanandhowisitdifferentfromorsimilartoWestandZimmerman’s“doinggender”?

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Becauseofindividualagency,thereisalwaysthepossibilityofdifferentgenderexpressionsthatarenotconventionallyorexplicitlypinpointedtofeminineormasculinegendernorms.Whattermisusedtodescribethis?Whatothercategoriesdoesitconsist?

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第十二章测试

Whywastheideathattheunconsciousplaysanimportantroleinshapingourbehaviorarevolutionaryidea?

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Whataretheobjectsofstudyintheinternalandexternalpsychoanalyticstudyofliterature?

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Amajoradvantageofpsychanalyticcriticism,particularlyinitsLacaniansense,isitsabilitytoexplain“socialization.”Whatdoestheconceptmean?

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Isitpossible,inyouropinion,todealwithcharactersinstoriesasrealpeople?

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HowdidFreudproposethehumanmindwasstructured?

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第十三章测试

Whatwerethethreeeffectsoftheindustrialrevolution?

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Elaborateonhowcapitalismcreatedadivisionoflaborbetweenownershipandlabor.

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Whatistherelevanceofthefollowingstatementfromaliterarypointofview:“Lifeisnotdeterminedbyconsciousness,butconsciousnessbylife.”

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Classstruggleisoftennotjustaquestionofeconomybecauseitintersectswithrace,gender,etc.Explainwhatthismeans.

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Brieflyexplainhow“Bartleby,theScrivener:AStoryofWallStreet,”isacritiqueofcapitalismanditsimpactonindividuals.

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第十四章测试

Explainhowthepoststructuralistreadingof“history”ledtotheriseofnewhistoricism.

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MichelFoucaultillustratedthatdiscoursesarerootedinsocialinstitutions.Whatdidthisinstitutionalembeddednesssignify?

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LouisA.Montrosehasusedthephrase“thetextualityofhistory.”Whatdoesitmean?

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ThehistoryTheknownWorldrevealswasunknowntomostAmericans;whatdoesthismeanasfarasAfricanAmericanhistoryisconcerned?

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ExplainwhatMontrosemeanswhenhesays“Pasteventsexistedempirically,butinepistemologicaltermswecanonlyknowthemtodaythroughtexts.”

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第十五章测试

Compareformalismandreader-responsetheoryaccordingtotheircriticalfocusinliterarycommunication.

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Literarystudiestakesadualapproachtoreadingandinterpretation.Whatarethey?

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Literaryhistoryisnotjustachronologicallistofnamesofworksorpeople.Explainwhatliteraryhistoryisandwhyworksmoveinandoutoftheliterarycanon.

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WolfgangIserarguesthatatexthasanobjectivestructurewith“gaps”orsilences.Whatdoesthisassumeandhowdoesitshapereading?

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Whataresomeofthesourcesaresearchercanconsulttocarryoutreader-responseresearch?

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第十六章测试

ColonialracismusedDarwin’sideastojustifyitself.HowwasDarwinianevolutionemployedtogiveascientificfaçadetoracismandcolonialism?

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WhatfactorsfragmentedEuropeanempiresandendeddirectcolonialruleinmid-twentiethcentury?

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Explain“strategicessentialism”andwhythe“strategic”modifierisneeded.

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Howdoesthe“thirdspace”changeourunderstandingoftranslationfromasecondarythingintoanoriginalspaceofcreativity?

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WhywasConrad’