Unit+1+Words+and+expressions+词汇课件【核心知识精研精讲】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit1ScienceFictionWordsandexpressions

fictionn.小说sciencefiction科幻小说

historical/romantic/realisticfiction

fictional

adj.虚构的，小说中的fictional

character

历史/言情/现实主义小说

虚构的人物

testout

检验；测试Theuniversitystudentswilltestoutthecomputerprogramforanybugs.leaveout

carryout

wearout

大学生们将对电脑程序进行测试，看看有没有漏洞。排除，不包括leaveoutthechilli贯彻；执行；实施

穿破；耗尽；使厌烦wearouttheshoeswearaboutbonus

n.

意外收获;奖金;红利year-endbonus年终奖morelike

更像是；更接近Thereisnothinglike...Therewasnothinglikeagooddinnerandsomemusictocheerusup.

没有比...好的bemorelikeA

thanB更像是A而不是Beg.(1)Heseemedmorelikeahumanthanamachine.(2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。Segrityn.诚实正直；完整；完好

considersbamanofintegrity认为sb正直preservetheintegrityoftheempire维护帝国的完整性integratev.使结合，使加入integraladj.基本的，构成整体所必需的makeanappointmentwithsb和某人预约/约定keep/breakanappointment

守/违约

appointment

n.预约；约会；委任appointv.任命，委派appointsb.as../tobesth.

任命某人为...appointsb.todo委派某人做某事appointedadj.指定的；约定的1.Kate________________assecretarylastmonth.Nowsheismakingan______________withthemarketingmanager.(appoint)2.Ifyouareinvitedtodinner,youaresupposedtoarrivenolaterthanthe___________(appoint)time.3.Anewengineerwasappointed_________(deal)withtheproductsreturnedbycustomers.wasappointedappointmentappointedtodealnail

n.

指甲/趾甲;钉子

vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定nailpolishnailclipperInailedthesigntoatree.sale

n.销售saleswoman

n.

女售货员;女推销员salesmann.男售货员;男推销员dignityn.

庄重；庄严；尊严a

calmandseriousmannerthatdeservesrespect

庄重，庄严Sheacceptedthecriticismwithquitedignity.她非常大度地接受了批评。absurdadj.荒谬的，荒唐的doesn’tmakesenseWhatanabsurdidea！

guiltn．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行asenseofguilt

内疚感

guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的beguiltyof

犯有…罪be/feelguiltyat/about

对/为…感到内疚/有愧eg.对他的罪行感到愧疚，他承认了所有的所作所为。(分词作状语)

Feelingguiltyabouthisguilt,headmittedallthathehaddone.

Thejury（陪审团）

foundherguiltyofmurder.suspendv.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓

suspension

n.

暂缓；延迟；延期；暂停悬索桥，又名吊桥(suspensionbridge)推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后,我们已永久停封(suspend)该帐户。”sthbesuspendedfromswsth悬挂在某处Thefansaresuspendedfromtheceiling.suspendthestrike暂停罢工suspendsbfromthejobsb停职dismiss

vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除①让……离开；解散

dismisstheclass

②解雇；开除Hewasdismissedfromhisjobforincompetence.dismisssb.from...for...

因为...把某人从...解雇下课declarevt.表明;宣称;公布statesthfirmlyandclearlyorofficiallypublicly

declarefor/against

声明表示支持/反对

declarewaron/against

向……宣战declarethat...

宣告;宣称declaresb/sthtobe

/as

宣布宣布某人或某物是…

①They___________________buildinganewbridge.

他们声明反对修建新桥。②Wehavenow______________________environmentalpollution.

我们现在已经向环境污染宣战。③Theyoungman______________hehadnothingtodowiththecase.

这个年轻人宣称他与这个案件无关。declared

against

declaredwaron/against

declaredthat

whereas conj.然而;但是;尽管

while conj.

然而

but conj.

但是

yet conj.

然而,但是however adv.

然而;

但是nevertheless adv.

然而,不过1.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,

whereas

othersdonot.2.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;nevertheless,itistrue.3.It'sasmallcar,yetit'ssurprisinglyspacious.although conj.虽然/尽管though conj.虽然/尽管evenif/though 虽然;即使despite prep.即使;尽管inspiteof

(1)Itispresumedthat从句

“人们认为...”(2)presuming/suppose/supposing/assuming/provided/providing+that句子…

“假如;假定”eg.1.Littleisknownoftheyoungestson;itispresumedthathediedyoung.2.Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing

heisabsent,whatshallwedo?presumptionn.假设/定presumevt.&vi.

假设/假定;认为presumingconj.假设ona...basis

根据;以…的方式(基准)

onadailyorweeklybasis

以每天或每周的方式onaregularbasis

定期eg.1.Theworkersgetpaidonadaily/weeklybasis.2.Thetruckischeckedonaregularbasis.basisn.

(pl.bases)

底部;基础;主要成分;基本原则或原理basevt.

以...为基础

n.根基;底部;基础;基地basicadj.基础的；基本的prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对advantagesanddisadvantages

利与弊;优点和缺点strengthsandweaknesses

优点和缺点eg.我们必须权衡利弊，没有一种选择是完美的。calculatevt.计算;核算;预测

calculation n.计算，估算，算计calculator n.计算器

Wehavetoweigheduptheprosandcons.Neitheroptionisperfect.superioradj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别/重要性上)更高的(be)superiorto...

比…更好;更胜一筹eg.1.新一代智能机在功能上大大优于旧一代。2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。(分词作状语)

inferioradj.下级/等的；差的；beinferiorto比...更差/级别更低

beseniorto

比...年长/职位高bejuniorto

比...年幼/职位低Thenewgenerationofsmartphonesisgreatlysuperiortotheolderversioninfunction.Heisarrogant,alwaysthinkingheissuperiortoothers.asuperiorofficer高级官员sbbeofsuperiorintelligenceSb智力出众takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手；

takeoverthecompany接管这家公司Trynottoletnegativethoughtstakeover.尽量别让消极思想左右你。Carsgraduallytookoverfromhorses.汽车逐渐取代马匹。inactionn.无行动;不采取措施inactive

adj.不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的actionn.行动[U];

行为[C]

takeaction(s)todosth.

conflictwith与...冲突或抵触

①AconflictwithB

②AbeinconflictwithB

eg.1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。Theirdreamsconflictwiththeirharshreality.Iaminconflictwithmyparentson/about/overwhichmajortochoose.(on/about/oversth.)

A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾/不一致backward(s)

adv.

向后;倒着;往回

forward(s) adv.向前

upward(s)

adv.向上

downward(s)

adv.向下

eastward(s) adv.向东westward(s)

adv.向西backward(s)andforward(s)来来回回Losingmybalance,Ifellbackwards.

eg.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语）labourn.劳动者，体力劳动Vi.:奋斗，努力工作

thelabourofseeding,plantingandharvesting播种，种植和收割的辛勤劳动skilledlabour（总称）

技艺娴熟的工人labourtodosth吃力地做sthgrip:holdsthfirmly紧握，抓牢Shegrippedtherope.她紧紧地抓住绳索。hazy:difficulttosee雾气腾腾的hazysunshine日光朦胧behazyabout:beconfusedabout不清楚的我不清楚接下来要做什么。I’mhazyaboutwhattodonext.fetchvt.

(去)拿来;(去)请来

bringv.

带来

takev.

带走

turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

eg.(1)Pleaseturnoutthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.

(2)Thewholevillageturnedouttowelcomethehero.

turnout+adj./tobe.../that从句

结果是；证明是eg.Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedout(tobe)abestseller.他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。

你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。Fetchmeaglassofwater.去给我拿杯水来。fetchthekidsfromschool去学校接孩子pace

n.

速度;步伐;节奏

vt.&vi.

确定速度;调整节奏

ata...pace以...的速度ata/thespeedof…

以...的速度Hepacehisgamesskillfully.他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。fallaway（逐渐）减少；消失

Asmypacegrewfaster,thewallsofthelaboratoryfellaway,andIwasleftintheopenair.Allourdoubtsfellaway.我们所有的疑虑都烟消云散了。Thehousesfellawayasweleftthecity.随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。Hepreferstoliveataslowpace.他想过慢节奏的生活。keepupwiththepaceofchange跟上变化的速度puffn.

(烟、气等的)一缕；少量[C];泡芙[C];喘息[U]；

1.一缕烟;一股风;一阵微风

2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。apuffofsmoke/wind/breezeThehillwasverysteepandIsoonranoutofpuff.divisionn.分开，分隔差异；除法分工

thedivisionoflabour贫富差异

thedivisionbetweenrichandpoor除号thedivisionsignurgen.

强烈的欲望；冲动vt.

催促；力劝；大力推荐

(1)haveanurgetod