2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨重点中学高考英语三模试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨重点中学高考英语三模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AAmazingExhibitionstoSeein2023Lookingforyournextculturefix？Explorethemust-seeexhibitionsforthecomingyear.

TheAdventureofPottery，KettlesYard，Cambridge

4March-25June2023

Thepotter，LucieRie，wasakeyfigureinBritishpost-warart.Hertechnicalinnovationspermanentlyextendedthelanguageofstudiopottery.Herachievementsrangefromfunctionaltablewaretoelegantbowlsandvases.Rie'searlypotsfromthe1920sand1930sunderlinethemodernistprinciplesofclarityandinnovation.

BirdsofAmerica，ComptonVerney

1July-1October2023

Audubon'sBirdsofAmericaexaminestheartistryandlegacyofoneoftheworld'srarestandlargestbooks.Publishedasaseriesbetween1827and1838，BirdsofAmericaachievedinternationalfameduetoitsepicscaleandthebook'soutstandingornithological（鸟类学）illustrations.ComptonVerney'sgroundsareawildlifereserve，makingtheperfectsettingfortheshow.

LoveLife，Charleston，EastSussex

1September2023–8March2024

OnshowareDavidHockney'srarely-seendrawingsfromthelate1960sand1970s.In2017，DavidHockney，oneofBritain'smostpopularandrecognizableartists，paintedthewords"LoveLife"onthefinalwalloftheshow.Explaininghisactions，hesaid，"Ilovemywork.AndIthinktheworkhaslove.Actually...Ilovelife."

ImpressionistsonPaper，RoyalAcademy

25November2023-10March2024

Inthelate19thcentury，ImpressionistandPost-ImpressionistartistsinFrancetotallytransformedthefuturedirectionofartandchallengedthetraditionalattitudes.Theyliftedthestatusofworksonpaper，drawings，watercolours，etc.，fromsomethingleftinastudiotoartworksintheirownright.Thisexhibitionbringstogetheraround70worksforvisitors.1.Whichexhibitionwouldyougoifyouarcinterestedintableware？______A.TheAdventureofPottery. B.BirdsofAmerica.

C.ImpressionistsonPaper. D.Lovelife.2.WhatisspecialaboutComptonVerney？______A.It'stheleadingexhibitionhallofUK.

B.Ithasahistoryofaround200years.

C.It'sasafeplaceforwildanimalstolive.

D.Itenjoysinternationalfameforinnovation.3.HowmanyexhibitionscanpeoplevisitinDecember2023？______A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.BBrittanyStarksisasinglemotheroftwoworkingmultiplejobsinTennessee.Herlifehasnotbeeneasy.Inthepastfewyearsshehasbeenhomeless，sufferedfromseveredepression，hadtocareforasickchild，andwasalmostkilledinacaraccident.

Itwastheaccident，shesays，thatarousedinheradesiretospreadkindnessinallthewaysshecould.Shebecamefocusedontakingeveryopportunityshehadtohelpthoseinneed.OnAugust4，Starksofferedfreehair-braiding（发辫）servicestohercommunity."IthoughtIwasonlygoingtogetfivetosevenkidsbutIhad35，"Starkssaid.

HerinboxwasquicklyfloodedwithrequestsforappointmentsandStarksfoundherselfworkingeverynightfortwoweeksstraightintotheearlyhoursofthemorning."Iwantedtodosomethingfortheparentslikemewhosemoneyisgoingtobefeedingtheirchildrenandmakingsuretheyhavearoofovertheirhead，"Starkssaid."Iwasn'texpectingabigreaction.IthoughtImaybegetfivekidsorso，butIdidn'trealizehowhugetheneedwasforthis."Andtherequestskeeprollinginwithmanyparentswillingtocomefromoutofstate.

Somanyrequeststhatshehashadtocallinextrasupport.She'salsolaunchedaGoFundMetohelppayforthehairstylingsuppliesshewasinitiallypavingforherself."Ididn'twanttomakeaGoFundMebutIhadsomanypeopleaskingmetomakeonesothattheycandonate，"shesaid.

Starkssaysoncethebacktoschoolrushisover，sheplanstokeepuptheeffortonceamonthforchildrenalloverNashville."Doingthismakesmehappy，"shesaid."Thesmileonthechildren'sfacesarepriceless.ItbringsmesomuchjoytoknowImadeadifferenceintheirlife."4.TheauthorexplainshowStarkswasgoingby______.A.listingnumbers B.presentingfacts

C.makinganexample D.makingacomparison5.WhichofthefollowingpushedStarkstospreadkindness？______A.Thecaraccident. B.Astranger'skindness.

C.Thefreehair-braidingservice. D.Ahelpinherchildhood.6.HowdidpeoplerespondtoStarks'sservice？______A.Theywereindifferenttoit.

B.Theywereunabletorefuseit.

C.Theywereeagertoaskforhelp.

D.Theyweregratefulforthekindness.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.StarkshopestolaunchaGoFundMeinthefuture.

B.StarksdonatedmuchmoneytoanaccountofGoFundMe.

C.Starksoftenrushedtohelpwhenschoolwasover.

D.StarkswillkeeponspreadingkindnessalloverNashville.CForthefirsttime，scientistshavesuccessfullygrownplantsinlunarsoilbroughtbacktoEarthbyNASA'sApolloastronauts.Researchershadnoideaifanythingwouldsprout（发芽）intheharshmoondirtandwantedtoseeifitcouldbeusedtogrowfoodbythenextgenerationoflunarexplorers.

"Aftertwodays，theystartedtosprout!"saidAnna-LisaPaul，aprofessorinHorticulturalSciencesattheUniversityofFlorida，whotookpartintheexperiment."Everythingsprouted.Ican'ttellyouhowastonishedwewere!Everyplant—whetherinalunarsampleorinacontrol（参照实验）—lookedthesameupuntilaboutdaysix."

RobertFerloftheUniversityofFlorida'sInstituteofFoodandAgriculturalSciencesandhiscolleaguesplantedthalecress（阿拉伯芥）inmoonsoilreturnedbyApollo11'sNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrin，andothermoonwalkers.Alloftheseedssprouted.Butwithinaweek，thecoarseness（粗糙度）andotherpropertiesofthelunarsoilstressedthesmall，floweringweedssomuchthattheygrewmoreslowlythanseedlingsplantedindirtfromEarth.Mostofthemoonplantsendedupstunted（发育不良）.

Thelongerthesoilwasexposedtotoughcosmicradiationandsolarwindonthemoon，theworsetheplantsseemedtodo.TheApolloIIsamples—exposedacoupleofbillionyearslongertotheelements—weretheleastlikelyforplantstogrow，scientistssaid.Onesolutionmightbetouseyoungergeologicspotsonthemoon，likelavaflows，fordiggingupplantingsoil.Theenvironmentalsocouldbeimproved，changingthenutrientmixtureoradjustingtheartificiallighting.

NASAsaidthetimingforsuchanexperimentwasright，withthespaceagencylookingtoputastronautsbackonthemooninafewyears.Theidealsituationwouldbeforfutureastronautstomakeuseoftheendlesssupplyofavailablelocaldirtforindoorplantingratherthansetupahydroponic（水培的）orall-watersystem，scientistssaid."Thefactthatanythinggrewmeansthatwehaveareallygoodstartingpoint，andnowthequestionishowdoweoptimizeandimprove，"saidSharmilaBhattacharya，NASA'sprogramscientistforspacebiology.8.Whydidthescientiststrytogrowplantsinthelunarsoil？______A.Tosolvethefoodcrisisintheworld.

B.Totakemoredirtfromthemoon.

C.Topreparefoodforfutureastronauts.

D.Tosendmoreexplorerstothemoon.9.Whatmadethesproutedseedsendupstunted？______A.Theverylowqualityofthesoil.

B.Theyfloweredtoomuchsoon.

C.Thepolluteddirtontheearth.

D.Thechangeofartificiallighting.10.Whatkindofmoonsoilwouldprobablybesuitableforplantgrowth？______A.Theonereceivingcosmicradiation.

B.Theoneexposedtosolarwind.

C.Theonehavingaverylonghistory.

D.Theonecomingfromlavaflows.11.Whatwillscientistsmostprobablydonext？______A.Useavailableearthdirtforplanting.

B.Continuetogrowplantsinlunarsoil.

C.Putmoreastronautsbackonthemoon.

D.Setupahydroponicorall-watersystem.DYes，havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished，anewstudyconfirms.Just10%ofreviewersofatestpaperrecommendedacceptancewhentheonlylistedauthorwasnotwell-known—but59%endorsedthesamepaperwhenitcarriedthenameofaNobelwinner.

Thestudy，whichinvolvedinvitinghundredsofresearcherstoreviewaneconomicspaper，isincredible"，saysMarioMalicki，apostdoctoralresearcheratStanfordUniversityandeditor-in-chiefofResearchIntegrityandPeerReview，whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch."Itisthelargestrandomizedcontrolledtrialwehaveseenonpublicationbias（发表偏见）."

Foryears，scientistscomplainedabouttheMattheweffect，aterminventedin1968bysociologistsRobertMertonandHarrietZuckermantodescribehowhigh-statusresearcherstendtogetdisproportionately（不成比例地）moreofthesame.

Buteffortstodocumentsuchbiasoftenhadweaknesses，suchasasmallsamplesizeorlackofrandomization.Toavoidthoseproblems，ateamledbyJürgenHuberoftheUniversityofInnsbruckemailedsome3300researchers，askingwhethertheycouldreviewaneconomicsstudypreparedforarealjournal.Thestudyhadtwoauthors，bothatChapmanUniversity：VernonSmith，a2002NobelwinnerineconomicsandSabiouInoua，oneofSmith'sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialpeerreviewersweresentoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper.OnenamedonlySmith，listinghimasthecorrespondingauthor，another，onlyInoua；andathird，noauthor.

Ultimately，821researchersagreedtoreview，theteamreportedlastweekattheInternationalCongressonPeerReviewandScientificPublicationinChicago.Smith'sfameappearedtoinfluencetheresponses：Oftheresearchersgivenjusthisname，38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview；thefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenjustInoua's.12.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"endorsed"inthefirstparagraph？______A.Approvedof. B.Contradicted. C.Ignored. D.Tolerated.13.WhatdoweknowaboutMarioMalicki？______A.HeoncewonaNobelprize.

B.Hethinkshighlyofthestudy.

C.HeisaneditorofStanfordUniversity.

D.Heistheleaderofthestudy.14.WhydidJürgenHuberandhisteamconductaresearch？______A.Toprovethevalueofsciencepublication.

B.Toovercometheweaknessesofpreviousstudies.

C.Toreviewaneconomicsstudyforajournal.

D.Tocomparetheachievementoftwoeconomists.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Complaintsaboutpublicationbias.

B.ThediscoveryofMattheweffect.

C.Famemattersinpublication.

D.Waystodocumentpublicationbias.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Forsomepeople，holidaytravelincludesmorethansimplyhittingtheroadorbravingtheairporttogettotheirdestination.（1）______.Whetherit'sawaytosavemoney，orspendmoretimewithlovedones—it'simportanttokeepinmindthatyou'reaguestinsomeone'shome.Evenifyourhostinvitedyoutostayandsaidthatitwas"notroubleatall"，knowthataccommodatingyoudoestaketimeandenergy（andpossiblymoney）.（2）______.Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyoustayinsomeone'shouse.

Showingupunannounced

Thisreallyshouldgowithoutsayingandappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone'shome，anytimeoftheyear--don'tshowupatsomeone'sdoorunannounced，orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.（3）______，oneofwhichisoutofrespectforyour（potential）host，butifthat'snotmotivationenough，considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome，orhavemadeotherplans，andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.

Ignoringhouserules

Didyourhostaskyoutoleaveyouroutsideshoesatthedoor？Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.？（4）______—whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.Iftheydidn'tmentionanywhenyoufirstarrived，initiatethatconversationyourself.

（5）______

Whenyou'reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative'shome，youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.Yourhostisdoingyouafavorbylettingyoustayintheirhomeforfree，sodon'texpectsomeonetomakeyourbedorcleanupafteryou，mealspreparedforyou，ortohavetherunoftheplace.

A.Theleastyoucandoisnotmakethingsharderforthem

B.Italsomeansovernightstayswithfamilyorfriends

C.Unlessyouhaveanexcuse

D.Actinglikeyou'restayinginahotel

E.Ifyouhaveanyunexpectedarrangement

F.Therearemanyreasonsnottodothis

G.Keepingtheroomtidyasaguest16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）RitchAddisonusedtobeshy.Butoncehegottohighschool，hedecidedheneededtochange.Andsohebegantodevelopasarcastic（讽刺的）senseof（1）______tokeeptheotherkidsfrombullyinghim.

"Youknowhowsometimespeoplesaythebest（2）______isagoodoffense？"Addisonsaid."Iwas（3）______upmyshynessandmyfears."

Hisnewapproachworked.Hegained（4）______andmademorefriends.Andhestartedtobecomeknownforhisjokes—likethetimehe（5）______aclassmateaboutapoorscoreonamathtest.

Thenoneday，hisgoodfriendHolly（6）______himaside."Youknow，Ritch，sometimesyoureallyhurtpeople's（7）______，"shesaid.

Addisonwas（8）______.Hehadalwaysseenhimselfassomeonewhomadehisfriendslaugh.Hecouldn't（9）______thathemightbehurtingthem."ButIkept（10）______onwhatHollysaid，"hesaid."（11）______，Irealizedthatshewasabsolutelyright.Istartedpayingattentiontohowmyhumorwas（12）______otherpeople，andIchangedit."Overtheyears，Addisonworkedonbeingmore（13）______towardthepeoplearoundhim.

Hewentontobecomeaclinicalpsychologist.Andnow，hetriestohelpotherpeoplefindmoregenerous（14）______aboutthemselvesandothers.Lookingback，some50yearslater，hesayshe（15）______muchofhischangeofattitudetoHolly.21.

A.humor B.shame C.relief D.satisfaction22.

A.outcome B.reward C.defense D.theory23.

A.giving B.covering C.raising D.picking24.

A.experience B.confidence C.reference D.victory25.

A.praised B.informed C.scolded D.teased26.

A.put B.brushed C.pulled D.cast27.

A.feelings B.health C.security D.passion28.

A.exhausted B.annoyed C.amused D.shocked29.

A.predict B.doubt C.imagine D.forget30.

A.experimenting B.acting C.counting D.reflecting31.

A.Suddenly B.Immediately C.Eventually D.Smoothly32.

A.comforting B.affecting C.protecting D.engaging33.

A.judgmental B.enthusiastic C.affectionate D.sympathetic34.

A.donations B.interpretations

C.aspects D.investments35.

A.owes B.contributes C.passes D.conveys四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）36.TheChengduSportsCenter，agiantstadiumattheheartoftheprovincialcapitalofsouthwestChina'sSichuan，once（1）______（house）manyinternationalgroupmatches，wherenumerousstarsincludingMariahCareyandAvrilLavigneperformedfortheirChinesefanshere.

Backto2013，arenovationrevealedrelicsdatingbacktotheHanDynastyrightunderneaththemiddleofthevenue.Itcreateda（2）______（complete）unforgettableview.Surroundedbythe（3）______（seat）nowstillingoodcondition，themiddleoftheformerfieldhasbecomeagrandexcavationsite（4）______（expose）ancientcitywalls，streetsandcanals，housesandgardens.

Afternineyearsofexcavation，theDonghuamenhistoricalsiteopenedtoa（5）______（give）groupoflocalresidentsonSunday.Thesitehasbeenthrough21dynasties，（6）______relicsdatingback2，000years，"saidShanJixiang，（7）______establishedhistorian.Spanning（横跨）50，000squaremeters，thesiteprovesChengdu'scitysitehasremainedinthesameplaceforover3，000years，（8）______israreintheworld."Donghuamenhasthepotential（9）______（fill）ablankofcorecitiesofChinaontheUNESCOWorldCulturalHeritageList，"saidShan.

Anarchaeologicalparkisunderconstructionatthesite.Thefirststagewillbefinishedintwoweeksandwillbemadepublictwomonths（10）______theUniversiade（大学生运动会）isheldinChengduinJuly，2023.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假如你是李华，英国交换生Eric发邮件给你，希望你推荐一本中文读物给他，请你给他回封邮件，内容包括图书介绍和推荐理由。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearEric，

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

MycousinAllenwasthecoolestpersoninallofMinneapolis.Bytheageof19，hewasastarfootballplayerattheUniversityofMinnesota.Iwantedtobejustlikehim.SowhenAllenaskedmetojoinhimonaspringfishingtripinnorthernMinnesota，Isaidyes!

Afterplanningthetrip，wegatheredclothesandsuppliesandthensetoffonouradventure.WereachedtheSuperiorNationalForestbyearlyevening.Onthewaytoourcampsite，Allenpointedtoasmallhousefarawayinoneofthemountains，sayingthatitwastherangerstation（护林站）wheretheforestersworked.

Allenknewallthetricksofanexperiencedcamper.Afterwegatheredenoughwoodfromtheforestfloor，hestartedthecampfireusingonlystoneandsteel，nomatches.Afteradayoftravelling，wewereveryhungry.Weatebeefandriceandsomesoupaswell.

Exhausted，wecrawledintooursleepingbagsearly.Allenwasstilltalkingabouthispastcampingadventureswhenasuddenwindpickedupfromthenorth.Thetemperaturedroppedanditbegantosnow.Allenknewofawaytoincreasethetemperatureinsidethetent.Hedraggedalogfromthewoods，wrappedaluminumfoil（铝箔）aroundthelogandthenplaceditnearthecampfire.Theheatfromthefirereflectedintothetent.Soonthetentwaswarmagainandthoughtsoflakefishfilledmydreams.

IwasstilldreamingwhenAllenwokemeupinapanic.Ourtentwasonfire!Thesnowhadstoppedduringthenight，butthewindhadfannedtheflamesofthefiretowardsourtent.Frightenedbytheflames，Iranoutofthetentimmediately.ThetentcollapsedwithAlleninside.Withoutanyhesitation，Ireachedintotheburningtent，grabbedhim，anddraggedhimtotheicylake.Wecheckedeachothertomakesureneitherofuswashurt.

续写要求：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Later，aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm，weconsideredoursituation.

Suddenly，weheardanoiseintheforest.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据The

Adventure

of

Pottery，Kettles

Yard，Cambridge部分The

potter，Lucie

Rie，was

a

key

figure

in

British

post-war

art.Her

technical

innovations

permanently

extended

the

language

of

studio

pottery.Her

achievements

range

from

functional

tableware

to

elegant

bowls

and

vases.（陶工LucieRie是英国战后艺术的关键人物。她的技术创新永久地扩展了工作室陶器的语言。她的成就从实用餐具到优雅的碗和花瓶。）如果你对餐具感兴趣，你会去The

Adventure

of

Pottery。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据Birds

of

America，Compton

Verney部分Compton

Verney's

grounds

are

a

wildlife

reserve，making

the

perfect

setting

for

the

show.（康普顿•维尼的场地是野生动物保护区，为展览提供了完美的环境。）可知康普顿•维尼的特别之处是对野生动物来说，这是一个安全的生活场所。故选C。

（3）数字计算题。根据这几个展览的时间，只有1

September

2023–8

March

2024（2023年9月1日至2024年3月8日）和25

November

2023-10

March

2024（2023年11月25日至2024年3月10日）在这个时间内，所以2023年12月，人们可以参观两个展览。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了杰哥湛蓝的相关信息。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Brittany

Starks

is

a

single

mother

of

two

working

multiple

jobs

in

Tennessee.Her

life

has

not

been

easy.In

the

past

few

years

she

has

been

homeless，suffered

from

severe

depression，had

to

care

for

a

sick

child，and

was

almost

killed

in

a

car

accident.（Brittany

Starks是个单身母亲，在田纳西州做两份兼职。她的生活并不容易。在过去的几年里，她无家可归，患有严重的抑郁症，不得不照顾生病的孩子，几乎在一场车祸中丧生。）可推知，作者是通过呈现事实的方式，来解释Starks的生活怎么样。A．listing

numbers列出数字；B．presenting

facts陈述事实；C．making

an

example树立榜样；D．making

a

comparison进行比较。故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中It

was

the

accident，she

says，that

aroused

in

her

a

desire

to

spread

kindness

in

all

the

ways

she

could.（她说，正是那次意外，激发了她想要以各种方式传播善意的愿望。）可知，推动Starks去传播善意的力量是那次车祸。故选A项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中Her

inbox

was

quickly

flooded

with

requests

for

appointments

and

Starks

found

herself

working

every

night

for

two

weeks

straight

into

the

early

hours

of

the

morning.（她的收件箱很快就被预约请求淹没了，Starks发现自己连续两周每天晚上都要工作到凌晨。）可知，Starks的免费编辫子服务被很多人预约，她的工作量很大，也就是说大家热切地寻求她的帮助。故选C项。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Starks

says

once

the

back

to

school

rush

is

over，she

plans

to

keep

up

the

effort

once

a

month

for

children

all

over

Nashville.（Starks说，一旦返校热潮结束，她计划每个月为纳什维尔的孩子们继续努力一次。）可知，之后Starks仍会为孩子们提供免费的编辫子服务。由此可知，她会继续在纳什维尔传播善意。故选D项。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Brittany

Starks的生活很辛苦，但是一次死里逃生的车祸唤醒了她传播善意的愿望，于是她为社区提供免费的编辫子服务，得到很多的预约，帮助了很多人。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

8~11.【答案】C、A、D、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。文章第一段讲到Researchers

had

no

idea

if

anything

would

sprout

（发芽）

in

the

harsh

moon

dirt

and

wanted

to

see

if

it

could

be

used

to

grow

food

by

the

next

generation

of

lunar

explorers.（研究人员不知道在严酷的月球泥土中是否会发芽，他们想看看下一代月球探险家是否可以用它来种植食物。）可知科学家们试图在月球土壤中种植植物是为未来的宇航员准备食物，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。文章第三段讲到But

within

a

week，the

coarseness

（粗糙度）

and

other

properties

of

the

lunar

soil

stressed

the

small，flowering

weeds

so

much

that

they

grew

more

slowly

than

seedlings

planted

in

dirt

from

Earth.Most

of

the

moon

plants

ended

up

stunted

（发育不良）.

（但在一周内，月球土壤的粗糙度和其他特性给开花的小杂草带来了很大的压力，以至于它们的生长速度比种植在地球泥土中的幼苗慢。大多数月球植物最终发育不良。）可知让发芽的种子最终发育不良的是土壤质量很低，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。文章第四段讲到One

solution

might

be

to

use

younger

geologic

spots

on

the

moon，like

lava

flows，for

digging

up

planting

soil.

（一种解决方案可能是利用月球上较年轻的地质点，如熔岩流，挖掘种植土壤。）可知样来自熔岩流的的月球土壤可能适合植物生长，故选D。

（4）推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到The

fact

that

anything

grew

means

that

we

have

a

really

good

starting

point，and

now

the

question

is

how

do

we

optimize

and

improve

（任何增长的事实都意味着我们有一个非常好的起点，现在的问题是我们如何优化和改进）可知科学家下一步最有可能继续在月球土壤中种植植物。A．Use

available

earth

dirt

for

planting.使用可用的泥土进行种植；B．Continue

to

grow

plants

in

lunar

soil.继续在月球土壤中种植植物；C．Put

more

astronauts

back

on

the

moon.让更多的宇航员重返月球；D．Set

up

a

hydroponic

or

all-water

system.建立一个水培或全水系统。故选B。

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日前美国佛罗里达大学的研究人员首次在阿波罗号宇航员带回的月球土壤里种出了植物，这个突破性进展意味着人类朝着在月球上种植粮食又迈近了一步。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

12~15.【答案】A、B、B、C【解析】（1）词义猜测题。文章第一段第一句Yes，having

a

big

name

in

science

will

help

get

your

paper

published，a

new

study

confirms.

（是的，一项新的研究证实，在科学界有一个大人物将有助于你的论文发表。）表明，在科学领域名气越大，论文发表成功几率越大。划线词前面部分书"只有10%的审稿人建议接受一篇只有不知名作者的测试论文"，结合第一句可知，然而有59%的审稿人支持带有诺贝尔奖得主名字的同一篇论文。由此可知，endorsed表示"赞同，支持"之意。A．Approved

of.赞同，支持；B．Contradicted.反驳；C．Ignored.忽略；D．Tolerated.忍受。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。文章第二段Mario

Malicki说的话The

study，which

involved

inviting

hundreds

of

researchers

to

review

an

economics

paper，is

incredible

（这项研究邀请了数百名研究人员审查一篇经济学论文，令人难以置信）以及It

is

the

largest

randomized

controlled

trial

we

have

seen

on

publication

bias（这是我们所见过的关于发表偏见的最大的随机对照试验）可知，Mario

Malicki对这项研究评价很高。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。文章第四段讲到Buteffortstodocumentsuchbiasoftenhadweaknesses，suchasasmallsamplesizeorlackofrandomization.（但记录这种偏见的努力往往有弱点，比如样本量小或缺乏随机性）可知JürgenHuber和他的团队进行研究是为了克服以往研究的不足："样品少缺乏随机性"等问题。故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句Yes，havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished，anewstudyconfirms.（是的，一项新的研究证实，在科学界有一个大人物将有助于你的论文发表）可知，本文主要讲述了在知名人士得帮助下更容易发表作品。可所以本文的合适标题的是C.Famemattersinpublication.名声在出版物中很重要。A．Complaints

about

publication

bias.对出版偏见的抱怨；B．The

discovery

of

Matthew

effect.马太效应的发现；C．Fame

matters

in

publication.名声在出版物中很重要；D．Ways

to

document

publication

bias.记录出版偏差的方法。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者的声望会影响作品是否能出版，作者的声望会影响作品是否能出版。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

16~20.【答案】B、A、F、C、D【解析】（1）联系下文题。下文Whetherit'sawaytosavemoney，orspendmoretimewithlovedones—it'simportanttokeepinmindthatyou'reaguestinsomeone'shome.（无论是为了省钱，还是花更多的时间与亲人在一起，重要的是要记住你是别人家的客人。）说明的是会和家人或者朋友在一起度过很长时间，与空格处是因果关系，因此B．It

also

means

overnight

stays

with

family

or

friends（这也意味着与家人或朋友过夜）符合语境，故选B。

（2）联系上文题。上文Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyoustayinsomeone'shouse.（当你待在别人家里时，这里有几个错误需要避免。）说明待在别人家里会造成麻烦，因此A．The

least

you

can

do

is

not

make

things

harder

for

them（你至少能做的就是不要让事情变得更难）符合语境，故选A。

（3）本段主旨句Showingupunannounced（突然出现）以及下文oneofwhichisoutofrespectforyour（potential）host，butifthat'snotmotivationenough，considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome，orhavemadeotherplans，andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.（其中之一是出于对你（潜在）主人的尊重，但如果这还不够激励，考虑一下他们可能不在家，或者已经制定了其他计划，可能无法接待你。）说明的是不要突然出现在朋友家的原因，与空格处是因果关系，因此F．There

are

many

reasons

not

to

do

this（有很多理由不这样做）符合语境，故选F。

（4）联系下文题。下文whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.（你应该和主人讨论你需要遵守他们的家庭规则。）说明的是要遵守朋友家的家庭规则，空格处是条件关系，因此C．Unless

you

have

an

excuse（除非你有借口）符合语境，故选C。

（5）段落主题题。下文Whenyou'reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative'shome，youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.（当你在朋友或亲戚家过夜时，你不能指望酒店的服务）"说明在朋友家过夜不可以像是住酒店一样，因此D．Acting

like

you're

staying

in

a

hotel（表现得像住在酒店）符合段意，故选D。

本是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外出旅行在朋友家过夜时应该避免的几个错误做法。

关于选句填空的做题步骤：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。

步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】A、C、B、B、D、C、A、D、C、D、C、B、D、B、A【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.humor