2023年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版)

2023年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版)

第一部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.

A.real

B.honest

C.normal

D.wealthy

答案：D

2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.

A.hidden

B.traditional

C.inflexible

D.official

答案：C

3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.

A.furnish

B.copy

C.publish

D.summarize

答案：A

4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.

A.excitement

B.disappointment

C.anger

D.calm

答案：B

5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.

A.cleaned

B.replaced

C.fixed

D.broken

答案：D

6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.

A.pains

B.parts

C.aspects

D.results

答案：A

7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.

A.major

B.large

C.successful

D.commercial

答案：C

8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.

A.homework

B.justice

C.model

D.act

答案：D

9.Heledaverymorallife.

A.human

B.intelligent

C.natural

D.honourable

答案：D

10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.

A.sincere

B.respectful

C.empty

D.terrible

答案：C

11.Itwasamajicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.

A.time

B.charm

C.space

D.opportunity

答案：B

12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.

A.started

B.changed

C.moved

D.lasted

答案：D

13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.

A.discover

B.prove

C.consider

D.imagine

答案：A

14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.

A.veryuseful

B.verylimited

C.quitegood

D.ratherspecial

答案：B

15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.

A.limit

B.regulate

C.oppose

D.support

答案：D

其次部分：阅读推断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出推断：假如该句供应的'是正确信息，请选择A;假如该句供应的是错误信息，请选择B;假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

SoManyEarths

TheMilkyWay(银河)containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethatsthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASAstopplanet-huntingtelescope.

AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.

Theauthorsofastudy,publishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.

SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarths,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastarshabitablezone.Thatswherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.

Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate(推算)totherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.

Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.

Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesntsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.

16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：C

17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarths.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：A

18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：B

19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSunshabitablezone.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：A

20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：B

21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：A

22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案：C

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

ClimateChange:TheLongReach

1.Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.Theresmorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估).Earthsfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.

2.Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarthssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesntslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears-andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

3.Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhatsgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanetsenvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach--andwarmtheexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalledafastfeedback.

4.Zeebesaysitsimportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,theyrelimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective,Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,hetoldScienceNews"Buttheworldisnotendingin2100'.Forhisnewstudy.Zeebehowfocuseson"slowfeedbacks'.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife---astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas---aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.

5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5℃--fora6totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

23.Paragraph2________答案：B

24.Paragraph3________答案：C

25.Paragraph4________答案：F

26.Paragraph5________答案：A

A.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange

B.Impactofburningfossilfuels

C.Fastfeedbacks

D.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses

E.Risingofsealevels

F.Slowfeedbacks

27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_______答案：F

28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach________答案：E

29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing________答案：D

30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor________答案：B

A.rapidexaggerationofimpacts

B.averylongtime

C.theextraheat

D.previouslypublishedstudies

E.theexposedground

F.recordedhistory

其次篇TheMirSpaceStation

TheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2023atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.

TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto162peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach2.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.

Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.

AdebatecontinuesoverMirscontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandearnedscientificequipment,estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.3ExperimentsonMirarccreditedwitharangeoffindings,fromthefirstsolidmeasurementoftherationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butforthosefavouringhumanspaceexploration,MirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveandworkinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspaceisthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripstothespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucid4,whospent188daysaboardMirin1996.

DespitethemanyfirstsMiraccomplished,1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir,In1997,anoxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Later,themaincomputersystembrokedown,causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepowerfailures.

Mostoftheseproblemswererepaired,withAmericanhelpandsuppliers,butMirsreputationasaspacestationwasruined.

Mirssetbacksarcnothing,though5,whenwecomparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccess,whichwillberememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthatshowedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butitstimetomoveontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbebetter,butitowesagreatdebttoMir.

36.WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheMirSpaceStation

A.wasdesignedtolastover5years.

B.playedhostto7astronautsfromdifferentcountries.

C.wasvisitedonlybyAmericans.

D.wasbuiltbyRussians.

答案：D

37.OneofthecontributionsMirmakestoscienceisthat,it

A.helpastronautsgetclosetoMars.

B.enablesscientiststodevelopnewscientificequipment.

C.setsarecordofthelongestsinglehumanstayinspace.

D.showsthatmultinationaloperationsinspacearelessexpensive.

答案：C

38.WhathappenedtoMirin1997?

A.itranoutitsfund.

B.itwascompletelydamagedbyfire.

C.itsreputationwasruinedduetopowerfailures.

D.itsmaincomputersystembrokeout.

答案：D

39.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A.spaceexplorationwillnotexperiencesetbacks.

B.itisdifficultforotherspacestationsexceedMirssuccess.

C.Miristhebestlong-termhumanhabitationinspaceinhistory.

D.multinationalspaceoperationaregettingmoreaccomplishments.

答案：D

40.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardMir?

A.indifferent.

B.ironic.

C.favorable.

D.negative

答案：C

第三篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences

Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.

Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.

SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.

Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.

HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldntbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesntthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.

Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.GardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,Interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andnaturalistic.

41.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howtounderstandintelligence.

B.Theimportanceofintelligence.

C.Thedevelopmentofintelligencetests.

D.Howtobecomeintelligent.

答案：A

42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?

A.Mostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetests.

B.Peopledoingwellononetypeofintelligencetestdowellonothertests.

C.Intelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptests.

D.Intelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltests.

答案：B

43.Gardnerbelievesthat________.

A.childrenhavedifferentintelligences.

B.allchildrenarealike.

C.childrenshouldtakeoneintelligencetest.

D.thereisnogeneralintelligence.

答案：A

44.AccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould________.

A.teststudentsIQs.

B.trainstudentswhodopoorlyontests.

C.focusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents.

D.promotedevelopmentofallintelligences.

答案：D

45.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa________.

A.musicalfoundation.

B.biologicalfoundation.

C.intrapersonalfoundation.

D.linguisticfoundation.

答案：B

第五部分：补全短文

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请依据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

TheDayaLanguageDied

WhenCariosWestezdiedattheageof76,alanguagedied,too.Westez,morecommonlyknownasRedThunderCloud,wasthelastspeakeroftheNativeAmericanlanguageCatawba.AnyonewhowantstohearthesongsoftheCatawbacancontacttheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.,where,backinthe1940s,RedThunderCloudrecordedaseriesofsongsforfuturegenerations.________(46)TheyareallthatisleftoftheCatawbalanguage.Thelanguagethatpeopleusedtospeakisgoneforever.

Weareallawareofthedangerthatmodernindustrycancausetheworldsecology(生态).However,fewpeopleareawareoftheimpactwidelyspokenlanguageshaveonotherlanguagesandwaysoflife.Englishhasspreadallovertheworld.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,andHindihavebecomepowerfullanguagesaswell.Astheselanguagesbecomemorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincreases.Aswell,_________(47)Whenthishappens,hundredsoflanguagesthatarespokenbyonlyafewdieout.

Scholarsbelievetherearearound6,000languagesaroundtheworld,butmorethanhalfofthemcoulddieoutwithinthenext100years.Therearemanyexamples,ArakiisanativelanguageoftheislandofVanuatu,locatedinthePacificOcean.Itisspokenbyonlyafewolderadults，solikeCatawba，Arakiwillsoondisappear.Manylanguagesofethiopiawillhavethesamefatebecauseeachonehasonlyafewspeakers._________(48)IntheAmericas,100languages,eachofwhichhasfewerthan300speakers,aredyingout.

RedThunderCloudwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethedangeroflanguagedeathandtotrytodosomethingaboutit.HewasnotactuallybornintotheCatawbatribe,andthelanguagewasnothismothertongue._________(49).ThesongshesangfortheSmithsonianInstitutionhelpedtomakeNativeAmericanmusicpopular.Nowheisgone,andthelanguageisdead.

Whatdoesitmeanfortherestofuswhenalanguagedisappears?Whenaplantinsectoranimalspeciesdies,itiseasytounderstandwhathasbeenlostandtoforthebalanceofthenaturalword.However,languageisonlyaproductofthemind.Tobethelastremainingspeakerofalanguage，likeRedThunder，mustbeapeculiarlylonelydestiny,almostasstrangeandterribleasbeingthelastsurvivingmemberofadyingspecies.________(50)

A.Astheselanguagesbecomemorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincrease.

B.However，hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservationinSouthCarcinomawherehelearnedthelanguage.

C.PapusNewGuinesisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentlanguage，butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction(灭亡).

D.Fortherestofus,whenalanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.

E.Somepeoplemightwanttolearnsomeofthesesongsbyhearts.

F.Theselanguagesdonthavemanynativespeakers.

答案：EAFBD

第六部分：完形填空

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请依据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

UndergroundCoalFires

CoalburningdeepundergroundinChina,IndiaandIndonesiaisthreateningtheenvironmentandhumanlife,scientistshavewarned.Theselargescale______(51)blazes(火焰)causethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurroundingvegetation,producegreenhousegasesandcan______(52)ignite(点燃)forestfires,agroupofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresulting______(53)ofpoisonouselementslikemercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoils,theywarned.

"Coalfiresareaglobaldisaster,'saidAssociateProfessorGlennStracherofEastGeorgiaCollageinSwainsboro,USA.But______(54)fewpeopleknowaboutthem.

Coalcanheatuponitsown,andeventuallycatchfireandburn,ifthereisacontinuousoxygensupply.Theheatprodu