江苏省高邮市2022届高三上学期期初学情调研英语试题WORD版含解析

高邮市2022届高三上学期期初学情调研英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题,每小题1.5分；满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有15秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthemanneedamap?A.Tofindarestaurant.B.TotourManchester.C.TolearnaboutChina.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoforvacation?A.Learntosnowboard.B.TraveltoColorado.C.Gotothebeach.3.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Refusetheoffer.B.Takethejob.C.Changetheworkinghours.4.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJohn?A.Hewon’twaitforher.B.Hewon’tbeontimefordinner.C.Hewon’tcomehometoday.5.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Gohomeandrest.B.Ordersomeboxes.C.Continueworking.第二节（共15小题,每小题1.5分；满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.7.Whatdothespeakersagreeabouttakingthetrain?A.Itissafer.B.Itischeaper.C.Itisfaster.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Saveupforthecar.B.Asksomeonetocheckthecar.C.Gotoanothercardealer.9.Whatisthesalesmangoingtodo?A.Askforcashpayment.B.Sticktoahighprice.C.Giveadiscount.10.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Lendmoneytoher.B.Takecareofhercar.C.Drivehercarhome.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelivingexpensesinthecity?A.Veryhigh.B.JustOkay.C.Fairlylow.12.Whatdoesthewomanspendmoston?A.Trains.B.Meals.C.Clothes.13.Whatdoesthewomandoinherfreetime?A.Travelaround.B.Seefilms.C.Goforadrink.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WhatwillRebeccadoonJune12?A.MeetthepeoplefromHeadOffice.B.Organizeatradeexhibition.C.Goonabusinesstrip.15.WhatisJohnpreparingforthemeeting?A.Aspeech.B.Atimetable.C.Areport.16.Whendothespeakersdecidetohavethemeeting?A.OnJune3.B.OnJune17.C.OnJune10.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdecidetodoafterlunchthatday?A.Drivehomeintherain.B.Staytohelpherfriend.C.Waitfortheraintostop.18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakerthen?A.Sheworkedatahotel.B.Shehadboughtanewcar.C.Shewashavingababysoon.19.Wheredidthespeakermeetthetaxipassenger?A.Infrontofahotel.B.Atacrossroads.C.Besideacarpark.20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkabout?A.Awell-knownshortstory.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Anexcitinglunchparty.第二部分阅读理解（共二节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADivewithBigSharksOursharkdiveadventuresmakeuseofhookahsystemsandsharkcages.Ahookahsystemisasystemofprovidingairfromthesurfacetodiversdownbelow.Cagediversbreathebyusingaregulatorconnectedtoanairhose.IsSharkDivingDangerous?Yes.Youcouldgetsunburnt.Youcouldhityourheadonthetopbunkgettingoutofbed.Youcouldfalloverboard.Asforasharkattack,accordingtotheInternationalSharkAttackFile,youarefarmorelikelytobekilledbyadogoradeer.Pricing&DetailsOnedayCageDiverAdventure$875OurexpertsharkdiverteamwillaccompanyyoutothebestviewingareaswithintheMarineSanctuary.There,we'lldropourcageandpreparetoprovideyouwithaviewyou'llneverforget.Nodiveexperienceisnecessary.Ourcagessitjustbelowthesurface.You'llbeabletobreathecomfortablyfromyoursnorkelorairhosewhileyoumoveaboutthecage,takingphotosandhavingfun.TopSharkAdventure$375Ifyouwanttoseegreatwhitesharksbutpreferthemalittlefurtheraway,weoffergreattop-sidesharkviewingfromourobservationdeck(甲板).Helpscanthehorizonforfinsandwatchforsharksattackingtheirprey(猎物).ImportantNoteThere'sNoSharkGuaranteeAlthoughwegotothebestplacesatthebesttimeofyear,wecannotguaranteeyou'llseesharks.We'vebeenverysuccessfulinpastsharkseasonsandexpectanotherincredibleyear.However,ifweseenosharks,thereisnorefund(退款).1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthetwoadventures?___________.A.TopSharkAdventuremakesuseofhookahsystems.B.CageDiverAdventureoffersyouaviewofthebottomofthesea.C.CageDiverAdventureislessinterestingthantheother.D.TopSharkAdventureissuitableforthoseworriedaboutdanger.2.Wecanlearnfromtheadvertisementthattheremightbeariskthat____________.A.youfailtoachieveyourpurposeofthetrip B.youareoutofbreathdeepdownintheseaC.youarehurtbyasharkwhiledivingthere D.yousufferfromlackofskillinsharkdiving3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheadvertisementthatsharkdivingis____________.A.difficultbutexciting B.challengingandtiringC.amazingandenjoyable D.expensivebutpopular【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了鲨鱼潜水探险的价格、优势和注意事项等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TopSharkAdventure$375中的“Ifyouwanttoseegreatwhitesharksbutpreferthemalittlefurtheraway,weoffergreattop-sidesharkviewingfromourobservationdeck(甲板).(如果你想看大鲨鱼但是又想离鲨鱼远一点的话，我们会提供从我们的观景台上看顶端的鲨鱼)”可知，opSharkAdventure适合那些担心危险的人。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Althoughwegotothebestplacesatthebesttimeofyear,wecannotguaranteeyou'llseesharks.(虽然我们在最后的季节去的是最佳的看鲨鱼的地方，但是我们不能保证一定会看到鲨鱼)”，可知，不一定能百分百看到鲨鱼，即有可能达不到想看鲨鱼的目的。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据OnedayCageDiverAdventure$875中的“There,we'lldropourcageandpreparetoprovideyouwithaviewyou'llneverforget.(在这里，放下我们的笼子，准备为你们提供一个永生难忘的风景)”以及“You'llbeabletobreathecomfortablyfromyoursnorkelorairhosewhileyoumoveaboutthecage,takingphotosandhavingfun.(当你移动笼子时，你可以通过呼吸管或空气软管舒服地呼吸，拍照并开心的玩耍)”可知，这份体验是奇异难忘并且充满趣味性故选C。BThebeachmayseemlikeaninvitingplacetorunonacoolsummermorning,butisrunningonthesandgoodforyourbody?Itcanbe,butit’simportanttobeawareofthechallengesthatsomebeachrunnersexperiencebeforeyougetready.Runningonthebeachcanbeagoodthing.It’scertainlydifferentfromrunningonatrackorapavement.Forstarters,sandcanbeachallengebecauseithasanuneven(不平坦的)surface.Asyoupushoff,you’regoingtolosesomeofyourpushasthesandmoves.So,you’renotgoingtobeabletopushyourselfforwardasyouwouldonatrackorapavement.Butthisunevennesshasanupside:Itgivesyourbodyanextraworkout,forcingyoutoexercisemusclesthatdon’tgetasmuchuseduringrunsonfirmsurfaces.Forexample,yourfeet,anklesandlowerbackmightfeelsorerandmoretiredthanusualafterabeachrunjustbecausethesurfaceisconstantlymovingandchangingsteptostep.Youalsomightfeelsoreafterwardbecausebeachestendtoslope(倾斜)downtothewater.Ifyou’regoingforalongrunonthebeach,youmightnoticethatonesideofyourbodymightfeelsorerbecauseyou’reputtingmorepressureonitduetotheslope.Somebeachrunnersprefertorunbarefoot—notwearinganythingonfeet.However,ifyou’renotusedtobarefootrunning,startslowlyanddon’trunlongdistancesatfirst.That’sbecauserunningbarefootusesmoredifferentmusclesthanrunningwithshoesdoes,andit’simportanttostrengthenthesemusclesandadaptyourfeet.Ifyouwanttorunbarefootandaslongasyouruncarefullyenoughintoit,goforit!Runningonthesandcanbeasmartchoiceforyou,becauserunningonsoftergroundsurfacescanreducemuscledamage.4.Whyisitdifficulttorunonthebeachforstarters?A.Thesoftsurfacemakespeoplefallovereasily.B.Peopleneedtoruncarefullyonitssmoothsurface.C.Runningonitsunevensurfacetakesmucheffort.D.It’shardtokeepone’sbalanceonitshardsurface.5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“upside”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Advantage. B.Reason.C.Character. D.Challenge.6.What’stheauthor’sattitudetobarefootrunning?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.7.Thepassagecanprobablybefoundin______.A.Aprimaryschooltextbook B.AtouristguideC.Asportsmagazine D.Ascientificreport【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沙滩跑步的优缺点，并给初学者提出了一些有用的建议和注意事项。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Forstarters,sandcanbeachallengebecauseithasanunevensurface.Asyoupushoff,you’regoingtolosesomeofyourpushasthesandmoves.So,you’renotgoingtobeabletopushyourselfforwardasyouwouldonatrackorapavement.（对于初学者来说，沙子是个挑战，因为它的表面不平整。当你推的时候，沙子移动的时候，你会失去一些推力。所以，你不可能像在跑道或人行道上那样推动自己前进。）可知刚开始在沙滩上跑步很困难，因为在凹凸不平的沙滩上跑步需要付出很大的努力。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Itgivesyourbodyanextraworkout,forcingyoutoexercisemusclesthatdon’tgetasmuchuseduringrunsonfirmsurfaces.它给你的身体一个额外的锻炼，迫使你去锻炼那些在坚实的表面上跑步时不能得到充分利用的肌肉。可知是在说明在海滩上跑步产生的不平衡的好处优势，故划线单词意思为“优点”，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Ifyouwanttorunbarefootandaslongasyouruncarefullyenoughintoit,goforit!（如果你想赤脚跑步，只要你足够小心地跑，就去吧!）可知作者对赤脚跑步的态度是支持的。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Thebeachmayseemlikeaninvitingplacetorunonacoolsummermorning,butisrunningonthesandgoodforyourbody?Itcanbe,butit’simportanttobeawareofthechallengesthatsomebeachrunnersexperiencebeforeyougetready.（在凉爽夏日早晨，海滩似乎是一个跑步的好地方，但是在沙滩上跑步对你的身体有好处吗?可能是这样，但是在你准备好之前要意识到一些海滩跑步者所经历的挑战是很重要的。）以及文章主要内容围绕着沙滩跑步展开，故文章最有可能来自体育杂志。故选C。【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如第四小题，根据第一段Thebeachmayseemlikeaninvitingplacetorunonacoolsummermorning,butisrunningonthesandgoodforyourbody?Itcanbe,butit’simportanttobeawareofthechallengesthatsomebeachrunnersexperiencebeforeyougetready.（在凉爽的夏日早晨，海滩似乎是一个跑步的好地方，但是在沙滩上跑步对你的身体有好处吗?可能是这样，但是在你准备好之前要意识到一些海滩跑步者所经历的挑战是很重要的。）以及文章主要内容围绕着沙滩跑步展开，故文章最有可能来自体育杂志。故选C。CTheGatausedtolookannoyedwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1,500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,anareaof95“zero-energyhomes”(ZEH)justoutsidetown.Nowthey'reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey'velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:$75.Forthepasttwomonths,theyhaven’tpaidacent.ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisions(住宅开发项目)inCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglowpowerappliancesandsolarpanels.Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityoftraditionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandkeepingindoorwarmthwinter.Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon'tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility'spowergrid(电网).Theresidentsarebilledby“netmetering”:theypayfortheamountofpowerthattheygetfromthegrid,minusthekilowatts(千瓦)theyfeedintoit.Ifahomegeneratesmorepowerthanituses,thebilliszero.Thatsoundslikeabaddealforthepowercompany,butit'snot.Solarhomesproducethemostpoweronthehotsunnyafternoonswheneveryonerusheshometoturnuptheairconditioner."Ithelpsuslowerusageatpeakpowertimes,"sayssolarexpertMikeKeesee.“Thatletsusavoidbuildingcostlyplantsorbuyingexpensivepoweratpeakusagetime.”What’snottolike?Mostlythecosts.Thespecialfeaturescanadd$25,000ormoretothepurchasepriceofahouse.Taxbreaksbringthecostdown,especiallyinCalifornia,butinmanystatesZEHscanbeextremelyexpensive.Fortheconsumer,it'samatterofpayingnowforthehardwaretosavelateronthepowerbill.8.WhyistheGataeagertoseetheirelectricitybillsnow?A.Theywanttocutdowntheirutility'expenses.B.Theywanttoknowiftheyareabletopay.C.Theywanttoseehowmuchtheyhavesaved.D.Theywanttoavoidbeingovercharged.9.WhatisspecialabouttheZEHcommunities?A.Theyarebuiltinharmonywiththeenvironment.B.Theyhavecreatedcuttingedgetechnologies.C.Theyaresubdividedintohalfadozensections.D.Theyaimtobeindependentinpowersupply.10.Whatdoesthe"netmetering"practicemeantothepowercompany?A.Morepressureatpeaktime B.Reducedoperationalcosts.C.Increasedelectricityoutput. D.Lessprofitsintheshortterm.11.TheauthorbelievesthatbuyingahouseinaZEHcommunity__________.A.isaworthyinvestmentinthelongrun B.isbutadreamforaverageconsumersC.givestheownergreattaxbenefits D.contributestoenvironmentalprotection【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ZEH社区的特别之处和发展前景。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheGatausedtolookannoyedwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.（过去，当Gata夫妇收到通常超过200美元的电费账单时，他们看起来很恼火。）”以及后文“Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey'velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:$75.Forthepasttwomonths,theyhaven’tpaidacent.（他们在这所三居室房子里住了10个月，总共花了75美元。过去两个月，他们一分钱都没付。）”可知，Gata夫妇现在急于看到他们的电费账单想知道他们节省了多少钱。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandkeepingindoorwarmthwinter.（但在室内，特殊的窗户在夏天阻挡太阳热量，在冬天保持室内温暖，从而节省了电费。）”可推断，ZEH社区特别之处在于他们的目标是在电力供应方面独立。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Taxbreaksbringthecostdown,especiallyinCalifornia,butinmanystatesZEHscanbeextremelyexpensive.（税收减免降低了成本，尤其是在加州，但在许多州ZEH可能非常昂贵。）”可知，“电网计量”可使电力公司降低运营成本。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fortheconsumer,it'samatterofpayingnowforthehardwaretosavelateronthepowerbill.（对于消费者来说，现在花钱买硬件就可以省下以后的电费。）”可推断，作者认为，从长远来看，在ZEH社区买房是一项值得的投资。故选A。DWe'veallhearditbefore：tobesuccessful,getoutofbedearly.Afterall,AppleCEOTimCookgetsupat3：45am,FiatCEOSergioMarchionneat3：30amandRichardBransonat5：45am﹣and,asweallknow,"theearlybird'scatchestheworm."Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit'satraitmostofthemshare？Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,plannedyourday,eatenbreakfast,visualizedanddoneonetaskbefore8ammakesyouwanttorolloverandhitsnoozetillnextSaturday,areyoureallydoomedtoalesssuccessfullife？Forabouthalfofus,thisisn'treallyanissue.It'sestimatedthatsome50%ofthepopulationisn'treallymorningorevening﹣oriented,butsomewhereinthemiddle.Roughlyoneinfourofus,though,tendmoretowardbright﹣eyedearlyrisers,andanotheroneinfourarenightowls.Forthem,theeffectscangobeyondfallingasleepinfrontoftheTVat10pmorbeingregularlylateforwork.Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself﹣directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyplanforthefuturemoreandhaveabettersenseofwell﹣being.Althoughmorningtypesmayachievemoreacademically,nightowlstendtoperformbetteronmeasuresofmemory,processingspeedandcognitive（认知）ability,evenwhentheyhavetoperformthosetasksinthemorning.Night﹣timepeoplearealsomoreopenandmorecreative.Andonestudyshowsthatnightowlsareashealthyandwiseasmorningtypes﹣andalittlebitwealthier.StillthinkthemorningpeoplesoundmorelikeCEOmaterial？Don'tsetyouralarmfor5amJustyet.Asitturnsout,overhauling（全面改革）yoursleeptimemaynothavemucheffect"Ifpeoplearelefttotheirnaturallypreferredtime,theyfeelmuchbetter.Theysaythattheyaremuchmoreproductive.Thementalcapacitytheyhaveismuchbroader,"saysOxfordUniversitybiologistKatharinaWulff.Ontheotherhand,shesays,pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful.Whentheywakeearly,forexample,nightowlsarestillproducingmelatonin（褪黑素）."Thenyoudisruptitandpushthebodytobeinthedaytimemode.Thatcanhavelotsofnegativephysiologicalconsequence."Wulffsays,likeadifferentsensitivitytoinsulinandglucose（葡萄糖）whichcancauseweightgain.12.Whatdoestheauthordointhefirstthreeparagraph？A.raisingtheproblem→analyzingtheproblem→solvingtheproblemB.leadinginthetopic→challengingaviewpoint→discussingaboutthetopicC.presentingaviewpoint→providingsupportingproofs→makingaconclusionD.introducingaviewpoint→raisingthequestion→presentingauthor'sviewpoint13.Whatcanweknowfromthe4thand5thparagraph？A.Morningtypestendtohavecleargoalsandbettermood.B.Tobeatnight﹣timepeopleaskthemtodomathcalculationinthemorning.C.Nightowlstendtosacrificetheirhealthfortheirwealth.D.Neithernightowlsnormorningpersonsperformbetterthanthemiddleones.14.WhichofthefollowingdoesKatharinaWulffsupport？A.Don'tfallsleepinfrontoftheTV.B.Avoidbeingregularlylateforwork.C.Stopsettingyouralarmfor5am.D.Betternotoverhaulyoursleeptime.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethisarticle？A.Toexplainwhysomepeoplearemoresuccessful.BTocomparethedifferencesbetweenearlyrisersandnightowls.C.Toadvisepeopletogetupneithertooearlynortoolate.D.ToargueagainstthisviewthattheCarlybirdcatchestheworm.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕早起的好坏展开论述，最后得出的结论是强行让人们偏离自己天生喜好的作息时间太多可能是有害的，反驳了“早起的鸟儿有虫吃这种说法”。【12题详解】推理判断题。第一段，作者用大家所知的俗语“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”来引入话题（leadinginthetopic）；第二段用两个问句提出质疑（challengingtheviewpoint）；第三段，作者对这个话题进行更深入的讨论（discussingthetopic）。可知作者在前三段是引导话题→挑战观点→讨论话题。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself-directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyplanforthefuturemoreandhaveabettersenseofwell-being.可知，许多研究已经发现早起的人更自我导向和愉快。与夜猫子相比，他们计划未来更多，有一个更好的感觉；根据第五段中Night-timepeoplearealsomoreopenandmorecreative.可知，夜猫子思想更开朗，更有创造力。综上可推知，早起型的人往往有明确的目标和更好的心情。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Ontheotherhand,shesays,pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful.可知，KatharinaWulff认为强行让人们偏离自己的天生喜好的作息时间太多可能是有害的，所以最好不要全面改变你的睡眠时间。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。本文一直在围绕早起的好坏进行论述，最后得出的结论是一味强调早起是不好的，强行让人们偏离自己天生喜好的作息时间太多可能是有害的，即反驳了文章开头提到的“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”故选D。【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。本文的第2小题和第3小题属于预测想象推断，第4小题属于目的、意图、态度推断。第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceoneeverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitiseithertooboringortoodifficult.___16___Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical.Thesolutionisobviousthoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.___17___Usingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabetical(字母)orderandIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Experienceprovedthattheruleworks.___18___Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthatwefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcanandthenlettheunconscioustakeover.WhenplanningEncyclopediaBritannica,Ihadtocreateatableofcontents.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebeforesothatmyfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.___19___Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindandprovedcorrectateverystep.___20___Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelieve,musttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Feelingrelieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.B.HardasIworkedasbefore,lfeltnofatigue.C.Thisfeelingfinallyweighedmedown.D.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.E.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.F.Irackedmybrainsdayandnightandwrotetheessaysdesperately.G.Ioncewasaskedtowritequitealotofessaysonsomefamousauthors.【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.A20.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。失败可能是人一生中最令人疲惫的经历，文章介绍了通过两种方式体验这种疲惫：启动疲惫和性能疲惫，表达了人们需要通过努力获得成功的观点。【16题详解】根据前文“Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitiseithertooboringortoodifficult.(我们通过两种方式体验这种疲惫：启动疲惫和性能疲惫。在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，推迟任务会使人感到疲惫。E选项“Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.(我们拖得越久，就越累)”符合题意，故选E。【17题详解】根据后文“Usingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabetical(字母)orderandIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.(根据我自己的规则，我决定按照字母顺序把它们写下来，我总是以作文这一艰巨的任务开始一天的工作)”可知，本句是对上文总是先处理最困难的工作这一方法进行举例。G选项“Ioncewasaskedtowritequitealotofessaysonsomefamousauthors.(我曾经被要求写很多关于一些著名作家的文章)”符合题意。故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthatwefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcanandthenlettheunconscioustakeover.(它的困难显得如此之大，以至于我们一次又一次地失败。在这种情况下，我尽我所能努力工作，然后让潜意识接管)”可推测，本段讲述的是上文提到的另一种体验疲惫的方法——性能疲惫。D选项“Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.(性能疲惫更难处理)”符合题意，故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindandprovedcorrectateverystep.(一个小时后，我突然醒来，我的潜意识里出现了解决方案，并证明每一步都是正确的)”可知，作者改变想法后去休息了。A选项“Feelingrelieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.(我感到如释重负，靠在一张安乐椅上睡着了)”符合题意，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.(因此，成功意味着永不疲倦)”可知，最后一段进行总结，表达了作者成功摆脱了疲惫后的感悟。B选项“HardasIworkedasbefore,lfeltnofatigue.(虽然我和以前一样努力工作，但我并不感到疲惫)”符合题意，故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。JaydenSutton,ahighschoolsenior,didapart-timejobatarestaurantonweekends.Afterhis___21___,whichusuallylastedbetweensixtoeighthours,hewalkedhome,sometimesnotarrivingbackuntilmidnight.Suttonwas____22____tomakeenoughmoneytoeventuallybuyhisown___23___,ashismotherwasrecentlylaidoff.Thatall___24___whenLavondaWrightMyerssawhimwalkingdowntheroadintheraininDecember."Theyoungmanwaswalkingtowork___25___,saying‘Ican’tbelate’,”Myerssaid.Myers____26____hewasherson’sclassmate.SuttonaskedMyersifshecouldgivehima___27___.Myerstoldhimshecouldtakehimasfarasshewasgoing.Shebegantocreatesmalltalkalongtheway.AfterdroppingSuttonoff,Myerssaidhisdetermination___28___her.Astimewenton,Myersfeltthatsheneededtotakemattersintoherownhandsand___29___theteenager.“Hewasingoodspiritsandhe’sachildworth___30___,”shesaid.So,Myers___31___Sutton’sstoryonaGoFundMepage,whichraisedmorethan$9.000from186donors.Then,shemanagedto___32___thegeneralmanagerofaHondadealershiptodropthepriceofthevehicletomeetthe___33___.Myers’actofkindness___34___Sutton’smindhecouldn’tbelieveit!MyersdocumentedthemomentshegaveSuttonhisnewvehicleonFacebook.Sutton’smotherwasvery___35___forthishereyeswerewetwithtearswhenseeingthenewcar.21.A.ceremony B.hike C.class D.shift22.A.satisfied B.determined C.annoyed D.ashamed23.A.food B.apartment C.vehicle D.bike24.A.changed B.repeated C.failed D.happened25.A.bymistake B.inarush C.ataloss D.withease26A.argued B.expected C.recognized D.accepted27.A.ride B.message C.tip D.job28.A.scared B.reminded C.confused D.struck29.A.raise B.assist C.save D.invite30.A.visiting B.following C.congratulating D.blessing31.A.posted B.copied C.read D.swapped32.A.train B.allow C.hire D.convince33.A.deadline B.profit C.budget D.discount34.A.cleared B.blew C.slipped D.turned35.A.grateful B.eager C.responsible D.desperate【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.A28.D29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是高中生萨顿在其同学母亲Myers的帮助下实现目标的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的轮班通常持续6到8个小时，下班后，他步行回家。A.ceremony仪式；B.hike徒步旅行；C.class班级；D.shift轮班。根据后句“…whichusuallylastedbetweensixtoeighthours,hewalkedhome”通常持续6到8个小时，他走回家。可知是在他轮班之后，回家。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨顿的母亲最近失业了，他决定赚足够的钱最终买一辆自己的车。A.satisfied满意的；B.determined下定决心的；C.annoyed烦恼的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根据后文“AfterdroppingSuttonoff,Myerssaidhisdetermination8her.”迈尔斯把萨顿送下车后说，他的决心打动了她。可知，作者是下定决心去买辆车。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题，A.food食物；B.apartment公寓；C.vehicle车辆；D.bike自行车。根据后文“MyersdocumentedthemomentshegaveSuttonhisnewvehicleonFacebook.”迈尔斯在Facebook上记录了她把新车交给萨顿的那一刻。原词重现，可知作者想买车。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：12月，当拉旺达·赖特·迈尔斯(LavondaWrightMyers)看到他在雨中走在路上时，一切都改变了。A.changed改变；B.repeated重复；C.failed失败；D.happened发生。根据第二段的整体大意，Myer遇见了Sutton并且听了他的故事，所以事情发生了转折，因此这里是一切发生了改变。故选A项。【25题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：“那个年轻人匆匆忙忙地走在上班的路上，说我不能迟到。A.bymistake错误地；B.inarush匆忙地；C.ataloss困惑地；D.withease熟练的。根据后句“Ican’tbelate”我不能迟到。可知那个年轻人匆匆忙忙地走在上班的路上。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈尔斯认出他是她儿子的同学。A.argued争论；B.expected期待；C.recognized认识到；D.accepted接受。根据第一段“JaydenSutton,ahighschoolsenior,didapart-timejobatarestaurantonweekends.”杰登·萨顿是一名高三学生，周末在一家餐馆打工。可知迈尔斯认出他是她儿子的同学。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎顿问迈尔斯能不能送他一程。A.ride骑行；B.message信息；C.tip建议；D.job工作根据后句“Myerstoldhimshecouldtakehimasfarasshewasgoing.”迈尔斯告诉他，她可以带他走到她要去的地方。可知莎顿问迈尔斯能不能送他一程。givesbaride让某人搭车。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈尔斯把萨顿送下车后说，他的决心打动了她。A.scared使害怕；B.reminded提醒；C.confused使困惑；D.struck打动。根据后句“Astimewenton,Myersfeltthatsheneededtotakemattersintoherownhandsand9theteenager.”在美国，迈尔斯觉得她要自己（帮助男孩）解决问题，帮助这个少年。可知男孩的事情打动了Myer。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，迈尔斯觉得她需要自己解决问题，帮助这个少年。A.raise提高；B.assist帮助；C.save拯救；D.invite邀请。根据上句“Astimewenton,Myersfeltthatsheneededtotakemattersintoherownhands”在美国，迈尔斯觉得她需要自己解决问题。可知Myers想帮助这个少年。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他精神很好，是一个值得祝福的孩子。A.visiting拜访；B.following跟随；C.congratulating祝贺；D.blessing祝福。根据后句“whichraisedmorethan$9.000from186donors.”从186名捐赠者那里筹集了9000多美元。可知Myers项帮助这个少年，认为他是值得祝福的。是故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，迈尔斯将萨顿的故事发布在了“资助我”页面上。A.posted贴出；B.copied复制；C.read读；D.swapped调换。根据后句“…onaGoFundMepage”可知Myers把迈尔斯将萨顿的故事发布在网站上。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她设法说服了本田汽车经销商的总经理降低了汽车的价格，以满足预算。A.train培训；B.allow允许；C.hire雇用；D.convince说服。根据后句“MyersdocumentedthemomentshegaveSuttonhisnewvehicleonFacebook”迈尔斯在Facebook上记录了她把新车交给萨顿的那一刻。可知她设法说服了本田汽车经销商的总经理降低了汽车的价格。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题。A.deadli