中考英语语法专项：定语从句复习课件(39张)

专题十四定语从句部分中考英语语法专题2021/5/91在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。2021/5/92Ilikemusic

that/whichIcandanceto.先行词关系代词定语从句Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.找一找IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.2021/5/93Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat

isred.修饰先行词anapple

2021/5/94Ihavesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswho

likesports.修饰先行词friends

2021/5/95Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词movie2021/5/96Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.

Thewomanisateacher.

Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词woman2021/5/97关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/that）

1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）2021/5/98

Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.

关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行词

关系词定语从句which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。2021/5/99关系词判断步骤:1.要看先行词；2.要确定关系词在从句中的成分。关系词先行词关系词在从句中作的成分能否省略who/that人主语不能who/whom/that人宾语能whose/ofwhich人定语不能which/that物主语不能which/that物宾语能whose/ofwhich物定语不能when/介词+which时间时间状语不能where

/介词+which地点地点状语不能why/forwhich原因原因状语不能2021/5/910

定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)2021/5/911TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.

(主语)Theboy

who/thathasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.Theboywho/thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom.2021/5/912Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(who/whom/that)wemetyesterday

willgiveusatalk.2021/5/913关系代词

1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.2021/5/914关系代词

3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.2021/5/915appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.2021/5/916Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Canyoufindthepenwithwhich

Iwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?2021/5/9174.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?2021/5/9181)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.注意:

固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词:

介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.2021/5/919定语从句只能用that,不用which的情况：当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone等不定代词或被它们修饰时。

That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.2021/5/920ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonly

thingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?2021/5/9215.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.2021/5/922关系代词只用who,不用that

的情况：

1.先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.2021/5/923————关系副词

关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。1.where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.2021/5/9242.when:

在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedthePartyonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheParty.3.why:

在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。Wewantstoknowthereason.Hewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereason

whyhewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereason

forwhichhewaslateforschool.2021/5/925Exercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that2021/5/9265.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.2021/5/9271.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.asACA定语从句练习2021/5/9284.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.which C.who D.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.that C.which D./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.itBAB定语从句练习2021/5/9297.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.thisCCA定语从句练习2021/5/93010.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.was B.were C.is D.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.heDCB定语从句练习2021/5/93113.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthatDDB定语从句练习2021/5/93216.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.what B.which C.as D./17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.where B.inthat C.that D.whichDCA定语从句练习2021/5/93319.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthatBB定语从句练习2021/5/93421.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.which B.where C.inwhich D.whatBBA定语从句练习2021/5/93524.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.that B.which C.where D.theone25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.what B.which C.that D.whereDD定语从句练习2021/5/93626.