2023年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Butiflanguagehabitsdonotrepresentclasses,asocialstratificationintosomethingasbygoneas“aristocracy”and“commons”,theydostillofcourseservetoidentifysocialgroups.Thisissomethingthatseemsfundamentalintheuseoflanguage.Asweseeinrelationtopoliticalandnationalmovements,languageisusedasabadgeorabarrierdependingonwhichwaywelookatit.Thenewboyatschoolfeelsoutofitatfirstbecausehedoesnotknowtherightwordsforthings,andawe-inspiringpunditsofsixorsevenlookdownonhimfornotbeingawarethatracksymeans“dilapidated”，orhairy“outfirstball”.Theminertakesacertainprideinbeing“oneup”onthevisitorornovicewhocallsthecagea“lift”orwhothinksthatmenworkinginawarmseamareintheir“underpants”whenanyoneoughttoknowthatthegarmentsarecalledhoggers.The“insider”isseldomdispleasedthathislanguagedistinguisheshimfromthe“outsider”.Quiteapartfromspecializedtermsofthiskindingroups,tradesandprofessions,thereareallkindsofstandardsofcorrectnessatwhichmostofusfeelmoreorlessobligedtoaim,becauseweknowthatcertainkindsofEnglishinviteirritationordownrightcondemnation.Ontheotherhand,weknowthatotherkindsconveysomekindofprestigeandbearawelcomecachet.Inrelationtothesocialaspectsoflanguages,itmaywellbesuggestedthatEnglishspeakersfallintothreecategories,theassured,theanxiousandtheindifferent.Atoneendofthisscale,wehavethepeoplewhohave“position”and“status”,andwhothereforedonotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish.TheireducationandoccupationmakethemconfidentofspeakinganunimpeachableformofEnglish:nofearofbeingcriticizedorcorrectedislikelytocrosstheirminds,andthisgivestheirspeechthatcharacteristicallyunselfconsciousandeasyflowwhichisoftenenvied.Attheotherendofthescale,wehaveanequallyimperturbableband,speakingwithasimilardegreeofcarelessease,becauseeveniftheyareawarethattheirEnglishiscondemnedbyothers,theyaresupremelyindifferenttothefact.TheMrs.Mopsofthisworldhaveactiveandefficienttonguesintheirheads,andifwehappenednottoliketheirwaysofsayingthings,well,we“canlumpit”.Thatistheirattitude.Curiouslyenough,writersareinclinedtorepresentthespeechofboththeseextremepartieswith-inforing.Intheonehand,“we’regoin‘huntin’’，mydearsir”；ontheother,“we’regoin‘racin’,mate”Inbetween,accordingtothisview,wehaveafarlessfortunategroup,theanxious.TheseactivelytrytosuppresswhattheybelievetobebadEnglishandassiduouslycultivatewhattheyhopetobegoodEnglish.Theylivetheirlivesinsomedegreeofnervousnessovertheirgrammar,theirpronunciation,andtheirchoiceofwords:sensitive,andfearfulofbetrayingthemselves.KeepingupwiththeJonesesismeasurednotonlyinhouses,furniture,refrigerators,cars,andclothes,butalsoinspeech.Andthemisfortuneofthe“anxious”doesnotendwiththeirinneranxiety.Theirlotisalsotheopenorveiledcontemptofthe“assured”onthesideofthemandofthe“indifferent”ontheother.Itisalltooeasytoraiseanunworthylaughattheanxious.Thepeoplethusuncomfortablystiltedonlinguistichighheelssooftenformpartofwhatis,inmanyways,themostadmirablesectionofanysociety:theambitious,tense,inner-drivenpeople,whoarebenton“goingplacesanddoingthings”.Thegreaterthepity,then,ifadisproportionateamountoftheirenergygoesintowhatMr.Sharplesscalled“thisshabbyobsession”withvariantformsofEnglish—especiallyifthenetresultis(assooften)merelytosoundaffectedandridiculous.”Here,accordingtoBacon,“isthefirstdistemperoflearning,whenmenstudywordsandnotmatter....ItseemstomethatPygmalion’sfrenzyisagoodemblem...ofthisvanity:forwordsarebuttheimagesofmatter;andexcepttheyhavelifeofreasonandinvention,tofallinlovewiththemistofallinlovewithapicture.”1.Theattitudeheldbytheassuredtowardslanguageis.（

）.2.Theanxiousareconsideredalessfortunategroupbecause（

）.3.TheauthorthinksthattheeffortsmadebytheanxioustocultivatewhattheybelieveisgoodEnglishare（

）.问题1选项A.criticalB.anxiousC.self-consciousD.nonchalant问题2选项A.theyfeeltheyaresociallylookeddownuponB.theysufferfrominternalanxietyandexternalattack.C.theyareinherentlynervousandanxiouspeople.D.theyareunabletomeetstandardsofcorrectness问题3选项A.worthwhileB.meaninglessC.praiseworthyD.irrational2.单选题Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.问题1选项A.shallknowB.shouldn'tknowC.hasknownD.shouldhaveknown3.单选题ThePrimeMinisterrefusedto（）ontherumorthathehadplannedtoresign.问题1选项A.explainB.commentC.remarkD.talk4.单选题（

）

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.问题1选项A.HaditnotB.IfitwerenotC.HaditnotbeenD.Ifwehadnotbeen5.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（

）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise6.单选题Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified7.单选题Thewingsofthebirdstill（

）afterithadbeenshotdown.问题1选项A.slappedB.scratchedC.flappedD.fluctuated8.单选题Thepresentuniversalfearhasbeentheresultofaforwardsurgeinourknowledgeand（）ofcertaindangerousfactorsinthephysicalworld.问题1选项A.automationB.perceptionC.manipulationD.administration9.翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。10.单选题

Veryfewscientists（

）completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.问题1选项A.comeupwithB.comeoutC.comeroundD.comeupto11.单选题Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude12.单选题Nooneneedstofeelawkwardin（

）hisowncustoms.问题1选项A.pursuingB.followingC.chasingD.seeking13.单选题Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（

）toviolenceinordertoescape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline14.单选题Doyouhaveany（

）aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence15.单选题

Sheisavery（

）student.She’salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining16.单选题Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（

）oflessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination17.单选题Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya（

）.问题1选项A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope18.单选题Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty19.单选题

Lastyear,theseshipstransportedatotalof80milliontonsofcargo,a4.4percentincrease（）topreviousyear.问题1选项A.byB.overC.withD.to20.单选题They’llhaveyou（

）ifyoudon'tpayyourtaxes.问题1选项A.tobearrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.beingarrested21.单选题Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise22.单选题Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentof（

）usedtobepallednaturalphilosophy,fromwhichmostofthepresent-daysciencearose.问题1选项A.thatB.allC.whichD.what23.单选题Itonlytakesa（）ofasecondforthecomputertodothecalculationwhichahumanwillspenddaystodo.问题1选项A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction24.单选题

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.问题1选项A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous25.单选题Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）

;therewasrubbisheverywhereandthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】1.文章第三段对theassured进行了描述，这类人对自己的英语很自信，不需要为自己说英语而担心（donotfeeltheyneedworrymuchabouttheiruseofEnglish）。所以他们对语言应该是非常淡定的，选项D符合题意。2.文章倒数第二段提到他们由焦虑带来的不幸不仅仅只是忍受内在的焦虑，而且还要遭受来自自信派和冷漠派的谴责。由此可知，他们遭受了内外煎熬。选项B符合题意。3.文章最后一段对焦虑派的描述是：他们把过多的精力放到对变形了的英语，由disproportionateamountoftheirenergy,variantformsofEnglish,和thisshabbyobsession等可以看出作者认为焦虑派所做的努力是不明智的，选项D符合题意。2.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。shouldhave“本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。3.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。explain“说明，解释”；comment“评论”；remark“评论”；talk“谈话”。句意：首相拒绝就关于他计划辞职的传言发表看法。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。5.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion“说服”；remedy“补救”；encouragement“鼓励”；compromise“妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。6.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify“扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。slap“拍击”；scratch“抓，搔”；flap“拍动翅膀”；fluctuate“波动”。句意：鸟儿在被打中之后仍然在拍动翅膀。选项C符合题意。8.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。automation“自动化”；perception“感觉，看法”；manipulation“操作”；administration“管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我们对物理世界中特定危险因素的突破性了解和认知的结果。选项B符合题意。9.【答案】LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountries,mostChinesestudentswhocometofurthertheirstudyintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesindustriously.Evenonweekends,theywouldspendoneortwodaysworkingovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericanstudents,theyobtainmoreachievements.MysupervisorisanAsianpeople.Heisobsessedwithalcoholsandcigarettes,andhasanirritabletemper.However,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatthesestudentsthinkabout.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofthelaboratory,whichread“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours”.Thissupervisorisknownforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedandgottheirPh.Ddegrees.Inthesummerof1990,regardlessofother’sdissuasion,Iacceptedmysupervisor’ssponsorshipandembarkedonmydifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit.10.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。comeupwith“提出，想出”；comeout“出版”；comeround“苏醒；顺道拜访”；comeupto“到达，等于”。句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse“扩散”；diminish“减少”；terminate“使终止，使结束”；preclude“排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。12.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pursue“追求”；follow“追随”；chase“追逐”；seek“寻求”。句意：没有人需要因为追随自己的习俗而感到尴尬。选项B符合题意。13.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed“开始”；appeal“呼吁，请求”；resort“诉诸”；incline“倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。14.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal“理想”；comprehension“理解力”；notion“观念，意见”；intelligence“智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题