新课标英语阅读理解主旨大意题

目录Contents标题归纳题1/2标题归纳题典例主旨大意题题型分析标题归纳题模板主题句隐含在篇（段）中大意概括题目录Contents主题句在篇（段）尾2/2主题句在篇（段）首主题句在篇（段）中间大意概括题模板模考速递题型分析高考试题中难度最大、区分度也最大的题型。不仅考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息和准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。阅读材料通常以记叙文、议论文和说明文为主，同时可能会穿插应用文。返回目录概述模板一1主旨大意题返回目录标题归纳题大意概括题主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。模板一2主旨大意题返回目录

标题归纳题1各选项长度比较接近。实词首字母通常大写。干扰项大都和文章内容相关。132标题归纳题是主旨大意题常见的一种题型。一般情况下，有以下出题特点：Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon’tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1980,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn’trealizethen,butingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid,"Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow!"ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI’veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.答案解析典例模板一3主旨大意题CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn’toverreact,whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI’mintheoperatingroom,Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey’renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem,somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom"landinggearup"．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CRM:ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeB．FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorC．TheMakingofaGoodPilotD．APilot­-TurnedDoctor答案解析典例模板一4主旨大意题【答案】B【解析】文中第一段提到"...butingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon"，在第二段中也讲述了作者在一起飞行事件中的经历和从中得到的教训，作者将这一经验应用到手术室中，从而使自己成为一名优秀的医生，所以B项内容符合文章主题，而A、C、D项概括不够，过于片面。返回目录答案解析典例模板一5主旨大意题第三步第二步模板一6主旨大意题返回目录第一步

在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系。

看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确。

注意选项中所给出的标题范围是否过大或过小，要避免以下三种错误：①概括不够；②过度概括；③以事实细节替代全面概括。【超级模板】“三步法”解答标题归纳题模板一7主旨大意题返回目录

大意概括题2主题句在篇（段）首主题句在篇（段）尾主题句在篇（段）中间主题句隐含在篇（段）中1324做概括文章（段落）大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。一般而言，主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，而文章（段落）中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。根据主题句所在位置，文章（段落）可分为以下四种：答案解析典例这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别（特殊）的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。可用正三角

来表示。1.主题句在篇（段）首JaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge(雪橇)across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitter(刺骨的)windsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArctictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38℃.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,"Istillcan'tbelieveit."Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteen-wild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,"Itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn’thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner."模板一8主旨大意题Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?A．Womanwinstheworld’stoughestrace!B．Womanfightsbitterwindsandsnowstorms!C．Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld!D．WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic!答案解析典例模板一9主旨大意题【答案】

A【解析】这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明这是"世界上最困难的比赛"，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不容易。本篇的结尾句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。答案解析典例模板一10主旨大意题返回目录答案解析典例模板一11主旨大意题主题句在结尾处的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到普遍性。可用倒三角

来表示。2.主题句在篇（段）尾OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime!Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?A．Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B．ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C．Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D．Merlingothimselfintotrouble.答案解析典例模板一12主旨大意题【答案】

C【解析】这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。故选C项。答案解析典例返回目录模板一13主旨大意题答案解析典例这样的结构往往先以一句或几句话交代细节或论据，为主题句的出现作铺垫。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。此结构可用菱形

来表示。3.主题句在篇（段）中Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabullet(子弹)isshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.模板一14主旨大意题Whatisthemainpointintheparagraph?A．Abullettravelsmuchfasterthanaball.B．Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.C．Whenyouthrowaballuptoapoint,itwillpausethereforamoment.D．Anairplanemaystayupforever.答案解析典例模板一15主旨大意题【答案】

B【解析】本段文字很明显是结构，中间的"Whatevergoesupmustcomedown."就是主题句，这句话的前后部分都是为论述这一主题服务的。答案解析典例返回目录模板一16主旨大意题答案解析典例有些文章（段落）没有明显的主题句，其中心思想包含在各个句子中，这就要求考生依据已知的细节，归纳出其中心思想。这种结构可用正方形

来表示。4.主题句隐含在篇（段）中EPPortableHeater

Weallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.Withoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworld,thenewEPheats

betterandfaster,savesmoreonheatingbills,andrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.模板一17主旨大意题WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A．TheheatoftheEP.B．ThesafetyoftheEP.C．TheappearanceoftheEP.D．ThematerialoftheEP.答案解析典例模板一18主旨大意题【答案】

B【解析】考查段落主旨。第二段提到这种加热器没有可以引起火灾的外露部件，它的外部不会烧伤孩子或宠物，由此可知本段主要讨论的是这种加热器的安全性。答案解析典例返回目录模板一19主旨大意题模板一20主旨大意题【超级模板】若文章（段落）中无主题句，需根据文中的事实、细节、观点等进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章（段落）大意。首先，查找文章（段落）中是否已有明确的主题句。多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只选读文章的首段和尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。主题句定位法返回目录【模考速递】1.（山西省大同一中、同煤一中2015届高三联考）

Whentheswimseasonbegan,my11-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,andIcutadeal.Shewouldgotopracticethreetimesaweek,andIwouldn’tmakehercompeteinswimmeets.Elizabethdoesnotlikeswimmeets,shegetshorriblynervousbecausesheisafraidthatshewilldosomethingwrongandleteveryonedown.Shestartedtotalkaboutquittingswimming,whichbrokemyheartbecauseshelovesswimming.SoIcameupwiththedeal.Recently,Elizabeth’steamannouncedaT-shirtrelay,whichworkslikethis:OnepersonfromeachrelayteamputsonaT-shirtandapairofsocksandswims50meters.Shetakesofftheclothesandputthemonthenextperson,whothenswims50继续学习模板一21主旨大意题【模考速递】【模考速递】meters.Thiscontinuesuntileveryoneontheteamhascompletedalap.Itwasn’texactlyameet,becauseitwouldinvolveonlyteammembers.ButElizabeththoughtitwas.ItoldElizabethIreallywantedhertogo.Shefoughtbackangrilybutfinallyagreed.WhenthedayfortheT-shirtrelayarrived,Elizabethwasnervous.Shewaschosentoswimtheanchorleg(最后一棒).Bythelastleg,Elizabeth’steamhadbuiltupanarrowlead.ThenitwasElizabeth’sturntoswim.Approachingthehalfwaymark,shewasstillinthelead.ThensomebodynoticedthatoneofElizabeth’ssockshadfallenoffandwasfloatinginthepool."Shehastogetthatsockonbeforetheendoftherace,"aswimmingofficialtoldElizabeth’s继续学习模板一22主旨大意题【模考速递】team,"oryouwillbedisqualified."Everybodyonherteamstartedshouting,"Elizabeth!Getthesock!"Butshecouldn’thearthem.Meanwhile,agirlinlanetwowasgainingonElizabeth.Justthen,agirlonmydaughter’steamjumpedinthepool,grabbedthesock,swamafterElizabethandputthesockonElizabeth.Withthesockfinallyon,Elizabethswamherheartoutforthelast15metersandwon!Therewasmuchcelebration.And,forafewminutes,Elizabethwasthehero.Ontheridehome,sherelivedhermomentofgloryagainandagain.ShetoldmethatiftheT-shirtrelaywasanOlympicevent,herteamwouldwinthegoldmedal.Itoldherthatinmyprofessionalopinion,shewasabsolutelyright.继续学习模板一23主旨大意题【模考速递】Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BorntobeaswimmerB.SwimminginsocksC.TheswimseasonD.Nevergiveup!【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述伊丽莎白参加的一次游泳接力比赛，比赛中袜子掉了，但最后赢得比赛的故事，由此可知最佳标题是穿着袜子游泳，故选B。继续学习模板一24主旨大意题【模考速递】2.（2015届河北保定市高三调研试题）

Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocial-progressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhich继续学习模板一25主旨大意题【模考速递】valuesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakebeliefthat-one’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.继续学习模板一26主旨大意题【模考速递】Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第一句话"Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition"可知，在现代社会，对于竞争人们有很多不同的意见。而后文章提出人们对竞争的积极和消极的态度。有人认为竞争促进社会进步，也有人认为竞争导致人们之间的对抗和不友好。故选B。继续学习模板一27主旨大意题【模考速递】3.（2015届四川省绵阳中学高三上学期第五次月考）

Electricaldevices(仪器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.Thedeviceconnectstoaperson’sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthat继续学习模板一28主旨大意题【模考速递】speedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.Thereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilog