2023年定语从句知识点汇总

定语从句◆英语谚语欣赏1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可认为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相称于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相称于who或whom；指物时，相称于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.（宾语）He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome1.

关系代词whose，引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物，在从句中只能作定语；ofwhom只能指人；ofwhich只能指物，有时whose可以与ofwhom和ofwhich互换使用。如：ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。Thehousewhosedoorsaregreenisanofficebuilding.门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。2.

“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如：Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.我爱我的祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。3.

在下列情况下，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。(1)

定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.房间里有很多人，很多人我不结识。Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.他有很多故事书，有几本故事书我还从未看过。(2)

定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如：Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。(3)

定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如：Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.我们班有五十个学生，所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得好。(4)

在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如：Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个。TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.亚洲有很多国家，中国是最大的一个。关系代词作介词宾语:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.）关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来拟定介词。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,hearof\about\from,carefor,lookforward,payattentionto,listento等)●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。如：※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的同样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.).---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句:●When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time,day,week,tear,month,etc.）HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.●Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表达地点的名词，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）

在高中的英语学习中，我们都知道，where在定语从句中用作关系副词，作状语，先行词一般指地点。例如：

Thisisthefarmwhereweworkedwhenwewereyoung.

这就是我们年轻时候在此干活的农场。

Hemethiswifeintheparkwheretheyfellinlovewitheachother.他是在这个公园碰到他的妻子，就是在那里，他们相爱了。

当然，在实际的英语学习中，where在定语从句中的用法远不是这么简朴，相反，要复杂得多，为了让学生对where在定语从句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就对学生在学习过程中的重难点问题谈一谈它的用法。

一、某些在从句中充本地点状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以与where互换，where=in/at/on/...which

例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

在英语学习中，并不是单纯地让学生知道where的这种用法就可以了，很多时候学生要掌握where和其他词的用法的区别，才干更好地把握定语从句的用法。例如：

Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedlastyear.

Thisisthefactorythat/which/youvisitedlastyear.

在第一句中，关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where或者inwhich，由于定语从句中worked是个不及物动词；而在第二句中，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用that或which，还可以省略，visited是个及物动词。学生有时还会碰到更复杂的情况。例如：

Isthisfactorytheonethat/which/\youvisitedlastyear?

Isthisfactorytheonewhere/inwhichyoulivedlastyear?

Isthisthefactorywhere/inwhichyoulivedlastyear?

这几个句子比前面的两个句子又复杂，除了要区别关系词在定语句子作什么成分，还要注意到前两个句子缺成分，所以要补充theone。

二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句的先行词大多数情况下是表达地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。假如定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表达抽象意义的词，关系词在定语从句中充当状语时，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。为了帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，对的掌握这一知识点，对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。

1)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词point

Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：

TheaccidenthappenedatthepointwheretheA15joinstheM1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

2)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词case

Therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

3)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity

Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethanhearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

4)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation

Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

5)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

It’sputmeinapositionwhereIcan’taffordtotakethejob.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

6)

where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

当然了，我们碰到这些词作为先行词时并不一定都用where，我们也要具体情况具体分析，他们只有在定语从句中作状语时才用where。

例如：Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

A.which

B.that

C.where

D.when

---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?

---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.

A.why

B.where

C.how

D./

上面两个句子虽然先行词相同，都是point，但是由于他们在定语从句中充当的成分不同，所以我们在选择关系词时就要区别对待。第一个句子中关系词在句中作状语，所以选择where关系副词；第二个句子中关系词在定语从句中做宾语，所以选择关系代词that，which或者不填，这样第一题选择C，第二题选择D。Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.●Why指因素，在定语从句中作因素状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作宾语）Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）Ex.)Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate..Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定语从句)当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或不用引导。way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但假如关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如:Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.比较:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，假如去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4.翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when，where,why,etc.1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Ⅴ.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that&which:在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.⑥被修饰词为数词时.1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.⑦假如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或反复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免反复。1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?⑨主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词自身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:①当关系代词的前面有介词时.1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?②在非限制性定语从句中.1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.1.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.⑤先行词自身是that,宜用which.What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?⑥先行词是those+复数名词.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.(B)who&that:who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免反复.如：Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同一、相同点两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。Themeetingwasputoff,as/whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.Hewasadoctor,as/whichIknewfromhismanner.二、不同点1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。Asisknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Air,asweknow,isgas.2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。Shetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.Thematerialiselastic,as(was)showninthefigure.3.which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,become等，一般不用其他行为动词。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.4.as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有asweknow（众所周知）；asoftenhappens（正如常发生的那样）；asisoftenthecase（情况经常如此）;asweallcansee（正如我们看到的）;beannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Katewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.5.在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。Mybrotherenjoyedplayingbasketball,whichhereallyplayswell.Beijing,whichhewasbornin,isourcapital.6.“介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。TheTravelAgency,withwhichourcompanyhasbeendealingforseveralyears,hasopenedfornewbranches.

Airisamixtureofgases,ofwhichoxygenforms21percent.7.从句中的谓语动词是否认形式时，常用which。

HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.Metalwillbearbeatingwithahammer,whichastonewillnot

8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

Hesaidhehadpassedtheexam,whichwasuntrue.定语从句中关系代词省略与保存我们知道，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但也有几种特殊情况，关系代词不用作宾语也可以省略，同学们学习和使用时请注意。在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的关联词可以省略。一、that在定语从句中作表语时。例如:Sheisall(that)ateachershouldbe.她具有一个老师应当具有的所