2019年考研英语一真题及答案

2019年究学一试（一及考SectionIUse：Readthefollowingtext.bestword(s)foreachblankmarkB,CorDontheSHEET.liveinworldsystems,digitalandsmartusintowithoutaphones2onbatteries,anddiefasterthangetwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can`tfindfewtrickshelpyoucivilization,onewhichfindyourselfwell6abutnotinayouhavetotwoquestions:Which8isinAndnearestHumansliveinandonsuppliesoffreshifdownhill,andfollowH2Oshould10seeIfexploredthebefore,keepanforfamiliarbeidentifyingdistinctiverockortreebearings.Another12:Climblookforsignsofhabitation.13,eveninyoushouldto14gapsinthelinetoroads,tracks,andpeoplecarve15theHeadfindaAtnight,scanthesuchfiresandstreetlights,glowoflightpollution.18,assumingyou`reinareafrequent,forthe19wetheTrailtireothercan20youtocivilization.[A]put[A]back[A]onto[A]unattractive[A]site[A]So10.[A]immediately11.[A]surprised12.13.[A]Above14.

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[D]belongings[D]exposeSectionReadthefollowingfourquestionstextA,CD.MarkyourSHEET.（）Text1FinancialinBritainhavearatherunusualbigStartingyear,anyguaranteedbonuscoulddelayed10theirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis‖tobankersforharmfultopublicinfinancialalsoforamoreonlybutallafor-termism‖orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,theBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.HequotesagiantAlfredinthisfinancialaslikepicktheplumsouttheirpuddingtoeatthematonce‖ratherthanputtingasidebelast.Theforainbothandhasfromsevenindecades.investors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmeffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchorbuildupcustomerloyalty.hasdubbedInaddition,digitaltechnologiesallowedmorerapidequities,information,thusspansinfinancial"Therebepredominanceofthinkingofterminvesting,‖saidGallagherofUSExchangeinaspeech2/15

week.Inthe2002haspushedmostpublicperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutyear,slightlyhelpingreduce-‖InlatestsurveyofCEOpayWallJournalfindspart‖ofexecutivenowtiedtoperformance.coulddoneencourage‖suchasinthequickerdisclosureofholdontoacompanyinvestmentforattwocanvotingrightsinaWithincompanies,provideincentivesfortheirownonbehalfofallstakeholders.isremindertobankerssocietyhasaninterestinnotjustforbutforlongterm.toParagraph1,motiveinimposingnewruleA.enhancebankerssenseofresponsibilitylargerprofitsasystemofregulationtheisindicateA.theconditionsforB.governments’impatiencein-makingC.thesolidstructureoftradedcompaniesD.-‖ineconomicactivities23.ItisarguedinvestmentcanbeA.indirectB.adverseC.minimalD.temporary24.TheandandillustrateA.theobstaclestopreventingtermism‖.B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.C.theapproachestopromoting-‖.D.theshort-termthinking.offollowingbethefortheA.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalismaCorporateVirtueRequiredofExecutivesD.FrustrationofText23/15

GradeinflationtheGPAs(grade-pointaverages)pastisoftenproductofainhighereducation,instudentsaretreatedlikebepleased.relatedforce—policyoftenburieddeepincatalogscalledforgiveness"helpingGradeinwhichalowgrade,thethatcountsinastudent’soverallGPA.Theoflittle-knownpracticeasdotheirpayingtuition)theirgraduationrates.Whenthisfirstago,itwaslimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondainfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirmostcolleges,formanycampuses,allundergraduates,andstudents,theirlowgradesforgiven.officialstendemphasizegoalgradetoretakecriticaldegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringbigpenalty.‖JackMiner,OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar,seestudentsachievemoresuccessbecauseretakeacoursedobetterincontentsorcontentallowsgraduatetime.‖Thatsaid,thereawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forinstitutions,statefundssometimestiedpartlytoonsuchgraduationratesstudentretention—sogradesbylikeAndthatGPAswillmakestudentsatoftheday,paying—feel’vegottenbettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcerncolleges.wayaretoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectcollegetoleadtoajob,itinthebestinterestaturnoutareasqualifiedas—oratleastappeartothis,students’colleges'incentivesseemaligned.26.Whatregardedascausegradeinflation?Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.Students'indifference4/15

C.Colleges'Theinfluenceof27.WhatwaspurposeofTofreshmenadaptcollegelearning.Tomaintaincolleges'C.prepareforTouniversities'28.Accordingenablesobtainmorefinancialsupport.boostC.improvemeet29.What"tobe5,6)Toeachother.Text3ThisyearmarkssincethepublicationofThebyMaryShelley.Evenelectriclightbulb,theauthoraremarkableworkspeculativefictionthatbycome.therapidgrowthofartificial(AI)fundamentalquestions:Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?‖Whatisartificialgeneralwayhumansthink,continuesevadescientists.Yetremainfascinatedbyofrobotswouldlook,move,respondlikesci-TVseriesworld‖andHumans‖.Justtoocomplexunderstood,letDavidEagleman,aUniversityneuroscientist.Wejustinsituationwheretherearegoodexplainingwhatyoumachinetothere.‖ButthatmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIarencominguseofautonomousvehicles,forthornyethicalquestions.Humandrivers5/15

mustsplit-seconddecisions.Theiraofinstantinputfromwhateyesearstelltheminthatmoment.AI‖todayisnotnearlysophisticatedthatofhumans.anticipateeveryimaginabledrivingprogrammingWheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,quicklyalotethicalquestions,‖notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingaporeagencythatishelpingthegovernmentdevelopafortheuseofAI.witharebeginningtoestablishtheirguidelines.Britainaethicscenter.IndiaitsAIstrategyOnJune7GooglepledgednotordeployAl‖thatwouldcauseharm,‖Al-directedweaponsAIforsurveillancewouldviolateinternationalItpledgeddeployAIinternationalWhilevague,itrepresentsstartingideadecisionsmadebyAIbeexplainable,putitanothermakesurethinkingofintelligentmachinesreflectshumanityhighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankensteinout-of-controlmonster.31.MarynovelFrankensteinmentioneditAlallworld.haspopularforasyears.C.involvesconcernsbyAlcontroversies32.InDavidopinion,currentknowledgeofconsciousnessartificialmisleadingtorobotmaking.C.popularsci-fiTVD.isforusit33.Theissuesbyautonomousvehiclescanhardlyeverbefound.beyondourcapacity.C.littlecuriosity.34.Thetowardis6/15

affirmationC.respect.offollowingbethefortheFuture:InHandsofFrankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAlC.TheofAI:ComplexInevitableAIShallBeKillersOutofControlText4willmorepeoplepaysaleswhentheymakeaCourtwillshopperswithwalletsisabigfinancialwinforstates.TheCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledpairdecades-oldthatstatessaidthembillionsofdollarsinrevenueTheitdifficultforsalesonlineThecasesoverturnedthatifbusinessacustomer'spurchaseastatethebusinessdidn'tphysicalpresencesuchathedidn'ttocollectsalesforCustomersgenerallyresponsibleforpayingthemselvesifchargedit,didn'trealizetheyitandfewpaid.JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionsflawed.yearthephysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedeconomicrealityresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestheStates,‖hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourjustices.Kennedywrotethatrulestates'abilitytoseek-termprosperityhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromonanevenplayingfield.‖Therulingvictoryforbigchainswithinstates,sincesaleswillbesalestaxwheretheyBigbeencollectingnationwidephysicalstoresinisshippedto.A,withitsofwarehouses,alsocollectstaxineverystatethatchargesthoughthird-partysellersuse7/15

Untilnow,manysellershaveaphysicalpresenceinonlysingleorastatesbeentoavoidchargingsalestaxestoaddressesoutsidethoseSellersthatuseandEtsy,whichplatformsforsellers,beencollectingnationwide.Underrulingcanlawsrequiringout-of-statestate'ssalescustomersandittotradethesayingittheplayingfieldforlocalandbusinesses.TheanalystNeilonline-onlysmallerones.retailersheadachescomplyingvariousstatetax&EntrepreneurshipCouncilgroupinandinternetentrepreneursarewellservedatallbydecision."31.decisionThursdaywillA.Dettebusiness’revolutionswithstatesinadilemmaC.makemoresalestaxforcetosales32.Itcanlearnedfromparagraphs23thattheoverruleddecisionAledofe-commerceB.alotyearsC.werewidelycriticizedbywereconsiderunfavorablebystates33.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyhinderedeconomicdevelopmentprosperitycountryC.faircompetitionboostedgrowthinstates’revenue34.aretorulingInternetC.sellersD.retailers35.IndealingtheSupremeCourtThursday,givesofitanddiscusseslongandprocessofmakingC.pointswithconflictingviewscasesrelateditandanalyzes8/15

BThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninaorder.For41-45,youintoafromA-Gfillingintonumberedboxes.CandFhaveplaced.MarkonANSWERSHEET.(10canhelpyouwineveryargument-nottheunhelpfulbeatingyouropponentsinthelearningabouttheissuesthatdividedisagreewithusandlearningtotalkworkwithIfreadjustour–verbalfightaexchangethroughweallrespect,understanding---wethenatureitmeansto‖anargument.OfaresoneedtobecarefultoaccuseopponentsbadargumentstooWelearnhowevaluatethemproperly.Alargeiscallingoutbadbutwealsobyandapplythecriticalourselves.requiresyoutoinyourownsometimesacceptontheoppositeside.C.Noneofwillbeeasybutevenifto.youstateyouranforandaskyourselfisanyNexttimeyoutalkwithtakesstand,askgiveaforSpellfullyanditsstrengthRaiseobjectionsandD.Carnegierightifwereishowwethinkofthem.Likefights,verbalcanleavebothwhenyounobetterYouralmostdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions-like,say,tennisPairshitthebackanduntiloneemergesfromallentered.Everybodyelseloses.kindofthinkingwhypeopletrytoarguments,especiallypoliticsandreligion.E.Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsPeople,Dalewrote:"Thereisonlyway...togetbestargument-andavoidargumentsisbutitdependsonviewofargumentscausesprofoundproblemsforinmanythearguinginthe9/15

firstTheseviewsofundermineIfaconversationfightyouwinbylongyoudon'tgetcaught.Youwillbehappypeoplewitharguments.Youcanstupid,orjokeaboutare.willhelppositionsoryou,butyouwin-inoneway.abetterwaytowinarguments.Imagineincreasingtheinourstate,anddonot.Ifyouyell,‖andIyell.‖neitherofuslearnsanything.Weneithernorandwenoforcompromisecooperation.Incontrast,yougiveareasonablethatfull-timeworkersshouldhavetolivepoverty.ThenIcounterwiththatminimumwagewillforcebusinessesfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowcanother'soursharedvalues,careneedy41→42→F→C→45ReadthefollowingandthentheintoYourwrittenneatlyonSHEET.ItonlyIstartedtowritecolumnmedicaljournals,andscientificpapersfromtoend,thatIrealisedjusthowofthemedicalliteraturewas.Itorecognisesignsofapaper:thekindofpapertoshoweatkiloofwereeattoinlifeperniciousgreatdealofthisofinmedicaljournalswhich,bybroadcasterslaygeneratesscaresshort-livedWhysomuchsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titledNaturalSelectionofBad‖,publishedtheRoyalSociety’sopenscienceetothisintriguingandquestion.Itsaysthatproblemisnotbadbutthatcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementencourages15

importantistruth,publication,whichalmostendinbeenkindofinflationaryatnowadaysforresearchpublishedtwicethenumberofwouldhaveforsamepost10yearsNeverthequality,then,thenumber.beenmadecurbthistendency,forbytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityasquantityintoassessmentofapplicant’spapers.thefamedcitationissaytheofahasbeenquotedelsewherethescientificliterature,beingthatpaperwillbecitedaccount.beifitforthescientistscantocitethemselvesinfuturegettofortheminforsimilarfavours.Boilingindividual'soutputsuchasorjournalconsiderableinambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofsimplemetricstomerittobequitegreat.(50)Ifareseriousaboutourscienceensurethatinstitutionsofscience.46.isaofthisofinmedicaljournalswhich,whentakenbybroadcastersandlaypress,generateshealthandSectionIVWritingSupposeareworkingtheRuralPrimarySchool‖projectofuniversity.antoinquiryvolunteer,specifyingtheofproject.writeontheANWSERSHEET.Donotyouownnameatendoftheletter,useMing‖Dowrite(10points)anessayof160-200picturebelow.Inessay,you15

picturetheGiveyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.途中累了我不爬了别呀！休息一下再接着爬。参考答案IrunBIfDliterallyABoff15

DAso10.Deventually11.A12.Boption13.DFor14.Cspot15.Bthrough16.D17.A18.A19.Bmark20.CleadIIAText121.Asenseof22.Dinactivities23.B24.Capproachestopromoting25.BaCorporateVirtueText226.DThe27.Afreshmenadaptlearning28.Aobtainfinancial29.Ctobeidenticalwithother30.CtheitText331.CraisedAItoday32.Dlimitedforustoreproduceit33.Bisbeyondcapacity34.Aaffirmation35.CofButText436.Cmakeshopperpaysaletax37.Dconsidered38.Charmedfaircompetition39.Bbig-chainowners40.AafactualaccountofititsconsequencesB新题型41.15

42.D43.44.B45.ATranslation46.医期中存在大量由广播公司和新闻媒体报道的这种无稽之谈会致健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。47.如申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍0年同一职位所需的论文数量。48.人们已经做出努力来制这种倾向，即将一些质量和数量纳入申请人发表的论文的评估当中。49.如果不是因为科学家