2023年考研考博-考博英语-武汉大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-武汉大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，已将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐关系，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.2.翻译题在得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿感被打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,霎时宾客云集,笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界一片繁华。自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋。一霎时,一阵被人摒弃、为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.3.翻译题(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(梦境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(脑病变),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸检),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊贵的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”4.单选题Foryearspediaticiansdidn’tworrymuchabouttreatinghypertensionintheirpatients.Afterall,kidsgrowsofast,it’shardkeepingupwiththeirshoesize,letalonetheirbloodpressure.Sure,hypertensioninadultsplacesthematgreaterriskofheartattackandstroke.Butnobodylikestheideaofstartingyoungstersonblood-pressuremedicinetheycouldwinduptakingtherestoftheirlives.Whoknowswhatpreviouslyunheard-ofsideeffectscouldcropupafterfiveprsixdecadesofdailyuse?Therationalehasbeen:kidsgrowoutofsomanythings,maybethey'llgrowoutofthistoo.Now,though,comeswordthathighbloodpressurecanbedestructiveeveninchildhood.AccordingtoarecentreportinthejournalCirculation,19of130childrenwithhighbloodpressuredevelopedadangerousthickeningoftheheartmusclethat,inadultsatleast,hasbeenlinkedtoheartfailure.“Nooneknowsifthispatternholdstrueforyoungerpatientsaswell,”saysDr.StephenDaniels,apediatriccardiologistwholedthestudyatChildrensHospitalMedicalCenterinCincinnati,Ohio.“Butit’sworrisome.”Who’smostatrisk?Boysmorethangirls,especiallyboyswhoareoverweight.Theirheartworkssohardtoforcebloodthroughextralayersoffatthatitswallsgrowmoredense.Then,afterdecadesofstraining,itgrowstoobigtopumpbloodverywell.Fortunatelytheabnormal,thickeningcanbespottedbyultrasound.Andinmostcase,gettingthatbloodpressureundercontrol—throughweightlossandexerciseor,asalastresort,drugtreatment一allowstheoverworkedmuscletoshrinktonormalsize.Howcanyoutellifyoursarelikethe670,000Americanchildrenages10to18withhighbloodpressure?It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery.Youshouldhaveatestdonebyadoctor,whowillconsultspecialtablesthatindicatemenormalrangeofbloodpressureforaparticularchild’sage,heightandsex.Ifthedoctorfindsanabnormalresulthewillrepeatthetestoveraperiodofmonthstomakesurethereadingisn’tafake.He’llalsocheck,whetherotherconditions,likekidneydisease,couldbethesourceofthetrouble.BecausehypertensioncanbehardtodetecttheNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstituterecommendsannualblood-pressurechecksforeverychildoverage3.Abouthalfthecasesofhypertensionstemdirectlyfromkidsbeingoverweight.Andtheproblemislikelytogrow.Overthepast30yearstheproportionofchildrenintheU.S.whoareoverweighthasdoubled,from5%to11%or4.7millionkids.Youcankeepyourchildrenfromjoiningtheirranksbyclearingthejunkfoodfromyourpantryandhookingyoukids—theearlierthebetter一onhealthy,attractivesnackslikefruits(tryfreezinggrapesorcarrotstickswithsalsa).Notonlywilltheyloweryourchildren’sbloodpressure:thesefoodswillalsoboosttheirimmunesystemandunclogtheirplumbing.Meanwhile,makesureyourkidsspendmoretimeontheplaygroundthanwiththeirPlay-Station.Eveniftheydon’tshedapound,vigorousexercisewillhelpkeeptheirbloodvesselsniceandwide,loweringtheirbloodpressure.Andofcourse,they’llbemorelikelytoeatlightandexerciseifyousetagoodexample.1.Theword“unclog”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby（）.2.Bysaying“It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery”,thewriterimplies（）.3.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuggestedbythewritertocontrolhypertension?4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.问题1选项A.fixB.clearC.hinderD.dismantle问题2选项A.hypertensionishardtodetectB.childrenoftenrefusetohavetheirbloodpressuretestedC.you’llhavetopayalotofmoneyifyouwanttohaveyourchild’sbloodpressurecheckedinagroceryD.inalocalgrocery,youarefreetodeterminehowtohaveyourchild’bloodpressureexamined问题3选项A.Drugtreatment.B.Weightloss.C.Exercise.D.Overwork.问题4选项A.childrenwithhypertensionareunlikelytosufferfromheartattackandstrokeB.parent'sbloodpressuredecidestheirchildren’sbloodpressureC.besidesoverweight,thereareotherfactorsresultinginhypertensionD.vigorousexercisesometimeswillleadtohearttrouble5.不定项选择题Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions."The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

问题1选项A.Itisexpandable.B.Itlookslikeatoy.C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.问题2选项A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.问题3选项A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.问题4选项A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.6.单选题ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheavierdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AstheBritishincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnotbestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughintheensuingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.WhetherpenaltiesfordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswilldetertheexcessivedrinkersresponsibleformostfatalitiesisunclear.Inpart,theanswerdependsontheextenttowhichthosewithhighBACsinvolvedincrashesarecapableofcontrollingtheirintakeinresponsetoeconomicorpenalthreat.Therapeuticprogramswhichrangefromindividualandgroupcounselingandpsychotherapytochemotherapyconstituteanotherapproach,buttheyhavenotdiminishedtheproportionofaccidentsinwhichalcoholwasafactor.Inthefewcontrolledtrialsthathavebeenreported,thereislittleevidencethatrehabilitationprogramsforthoserepeatedlyarrestedfordrunkenbehaviorhavereducedeithertherecidivismorcrashrates.Thusfar,thereisnofirmevidencethatAlcoholSafetyActionProjectsupportedprograms,inwhichrehabilitationmeasuresarerequestedbythecourt,havedecreasedrecidivismorcrashinvolvementforclientsexposedtothem,althoughknowledgeandattitudeshaveimproved.Onethingisclear,however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsinwhichalcoholicintoxicationplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain（）.3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto（）.4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas（）.问题1选项A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalitiesB.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdrivingC.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStatesD.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalities问题2选项A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicatedB.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicatedC.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrestsD.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks问题3选项A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdrivingB.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeathsC.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallaws问题4选项A.ironicB.indignantC.indifferentD.indecisive7.写作题Directions:Opinionsvaryaboutthemostimportantfactorthatinfluencesastudent’ssuccessinschool.Somepeoplearguethatthemostimportantfactorisagoodteacher.Giveyourcommentbyusingspecificreasonsandexamples.Pleasewriteanessayonthistopicinnolessthan200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.8.翻译题给予最重要的意义并不在于物质方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一个人会给予另一个人什么呢？他把自己拥有的最珍贵的东西给予别人，把自己的生命给予别人。这不一定意味着他要为别人而牺牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的东西给予别人，把自己的快乐、理解、知识、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有东西表露和显现给别人。在他把自己的生命给予别人的同时，他丰富了别人的生命。通过提高自己的生存感，他会提高别人的生存感。他不是为了获取才给予；给予本身就是一种强烈的快乐。当然，在给予中，他不知不觉地使别人身上某些东西得到新生，这种新生的东西反过来又给他带来了新的希望；在真诚的给予中，他无意识地得到了别人给他的回馈。给予暗示了让对方也成为给予者；双方共同分享他们已使某些东西得到了新生的快乐。在给予的行为中，某种东西得以新生，而对于这新生事物，涉及的双方都充满感激之情。仅就爱而言，这意味着爱是一种能产生爱的力量；没有（这种）力量就不会产生爱。9.不定项选择题AsteroidsandcometsthatrepeatedlysmashedintotheearlyEarthcoveredtheplanet’ssurfacewithmoltenrockduringitsearliestdays,butstillmayhaveleftoasesofwaterthatcouldhavesupportedtheevolutionoflife,scientistssay.Thenewstudyrevealsthatduringtheplanet’sinfancy,thesurfaceoftheEarthwasahellishenvironment,butperhapsnotashellishasoftenthought,scientistsadded.Earthformedabout4.5billionyearsago.Thefirst500millionyearsofitslifeareknownastheHadeanEon.Althoughthistimeamountstomorethan10percentofEarth’shistory,littleisknownaboutit,sincefewrocksareknownthatareolderthan3.8billionyearsold.FormuchoftheHadean,Earthanditssisterworldsintheinnersolarsystemwerepummeledwithanextraordinarynumberofcosmicimpacts.“ItwasthoughtthatbecauseoftheseasteroidsandcometsflyingaroundcollidingwithEarth,conditionsonearlyEarthmayhavebeenhellish,”saidleadstudyauthorSimoneMarchi,aplanetaryscientistattheSouthwestResearchInstituteinBoulder,Colorado.Thisimaginedhellishnessgavetheeonitsname—HadeancomesfromHades,thelordoftheunderworldinGreekmythology.However,inthepastdozenyearsorso,aradicallydifferentpictureoftheHadeanbegantoemerge.Analysisofmineralstrappedwithinmicroscopiczirconcrystalsdatingfromthiseon“suggestedthattherewasliquidwateronthesurfaceoftheEarthbackthen,clashingwiththepreviouspicturethattheHadeanwashellish,”Marchisaid.ThiscouldexplainwhytheevidenceoftheearliestlifeonEarthappearsduringtheHadean—maybetheplanetwaslessinhospitableduringthateonthanpreviouslythought.TheexacttimingandmagnitudeoftheimpactsthatsmashedEarthduringtheHadeanareunknown.Togetanideaoftheeffectsofthisbombardment,Machiandhiscolleagueslookedatthemoon,whoseheavilycrateredsurfacehelpedmodelthebatteringthatitscloseneighborEarthmusthaveexperiencedbackthen.“Wealsolookedathighlysiderophileelements(elementsthatbindtightlytoiron),suchasgold,deliveredtoEarthasaresultoftheseearlycollisions,andtheamountsoftheseelementstellsusthetotalmassaccretedbyEarthastheresultsofthesecollisions,”Marchisaid.Priorresearchsuggeststheseimpactsprobablycontributedlessthan0.5percentoftheEarth’spresent-daymass.Theresearchersdiscoveredthat“thesurfaceoftheEarthduringtheHadeanwasheavilyaffectedbyverylargecollisions,byimpactorslargerthan100kilometersorso—really,reallybigimpactors,”Marchisaid.“WhenEarthhasacollisionwithanobjectthatbig,thatmeltsalargevolumeoftheEarth’scrustandmantle,coveringalargefractionofthesurface,”Marchiadded.ThesefindingssuggestthatEarth’ssurfacewasburiedoverandoveragainbylargevolumesofmoltenrock—enoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheEarthseveraltimes.ThishelpsexplainwhysofewrockssurvivefromtheHadean,theresearcherssaid.1.WhyisitlittleknownabouttheEarth'sfirst500millionyears?2.WhyistheearlyEarthimaginedtobehellish?3.WhywastheearlyEarthinfactlessinhospitablethanoftenthought?4.HowcanthemoonhelpwiththeunderstandingoftheimpactsthatsmashedtheEarth?问题1选项A.Becauseitisanimaginedperiodoftime.B.Becausethisperiodisoflittlesignificance.C.Becauseitisimpossibletoknowaboutthisperiod.D.Becausenorocksareavailableasresearchevidence.问题2选项A.Becauseitwasoftensmashedbyasteroidsandcomets.B.BecausebackthenHades,thelordofHell,resigned.C.BecauseitwassoaccordingtoGreekmythology.D.Becausebackthentherewasnolife.问题3选项A.BecausemineralsoftheHadeanhavebeenfoundsuggestingtheexistenceoflife.B.Becausetheclashingbroughtbyasteroidsandcometswasnotcompletelydamaging.C.BecauseduringtheHadeantherealreadyexistedtheevidenceoflife.D.BecausetherehadalreadybeenliquidwaterontheEarthbackthen.问题4选项A.ThemoononcesmashedintotheEarthtoo.B.ThemoonwasbatteredearlierthantheEarth.C.Themoon,asacloseneighbor,iseasiertoobserve.D.Themoon'ssurfaceisheavilycrateredastheEarth's.10.翻译题为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。例如，当中东战争中断了原油运输时，全世界石油价格飞涨。对石油和石油产品的消费者来说，这个事件降低了他们的生活水平。对经济决策者来说，它提出了选择最优反应的难题。但对经济科学家来说，它提供了研究关键自然资源对世界经济影响的机会，而且，在战争引起的石油价格上涨结束后，这种机会还会持续很长时间。因此，在本书中我们要考虑许多历史事件。这些事件之所以具有研究价值，既是因为它们能使我们了解过去的经济，更重要的则是因为它们使我们可以说明并评价现在的经济理论。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.11.翻译题"Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.(1)Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.Moreover,ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.(2)Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhouroraday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Letusbearthisinmind,andwasteoftimewillappeartousinthelightofacrimeasculpableassuicideitself.Thereisathirdconsiderationwhichalsotendstowarnusagainstlossoftime.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomesixtyorseventyyearsinall,butnearlyonehalfofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someoverdressingandundressing;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-marking,eitheronourownaccountorforthesakeofothers;someincelebratingreligiousandsocialfestivities;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.(3)Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextendsweshallfindaboutfifteenortwentyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.“Itisastonishing"saysLordChesterfield,“thatanyonecansquanderawayinabsoluteidlenessonesinglemomentofthatportionoftimewhichisallottedtousinthisworld.Knowthetruevalueoftime;snatch,seize,andenjoyeverymomentofit!”Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourfacultiesandcapacities.(4)Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipawayunutilized,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Aswegrowolder,ourpowerofacquisitiongetsblunted,sothattheartorsciencewhichisnotacquiredinchildhoodoryouthwillneverbeacquiredatall.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtremblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.“Everymomentyoulose,”saysLordChesterfield,“issomuchcharacterandadvantagelost;asontheotherhand,everymomentyounowemployusefullyissomuchtimewiselylaidoutatprodigiousinterest.”Aproperemploymentoftimeisofgreatbenefittousfromamoralpointofview.IdlenessisjustlysaidtobetherustofthemindandanidlebrainissaidtobeSatan'sworkshop.Itismostlywhenyoudonotknowwhattodowithyourselfthatyoudosomethingillorwrong.Themindoftheidlerpreysuponitself.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

12.单选题Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,