2023年考研考博-考博英语-江苏大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-江苏大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.不定项选择题Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshow.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophe,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.ComparedwithOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseverwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18to20yearoldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolveloverelationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkShowworld.1.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshowsare______.2.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience______.3.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?4.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth______.5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows______.问题1选项A.morefamily-orientedB.relativelyformalC.moreprofoundD.unusuallypopular问题2选项A.remainfascinatedbythemB.arereadytofaceuptothemC.remainindifferenttothemD.arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem问题3选项A.Anewtypeofrobot.B.Racisthatred.C.Familybudgetplanning.D.Streetviolence.问题4选项A.ironicalB.sensitiveC.instructiveD.cynical问题5选项A.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitB.exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureC.appearatdifferenttimesofthedayD.aretargetedatdifferentaudiences2.单选题Aroundtwominutesafterlaunch,theboostersoneithersideoftheshuttlewillfallaway,followedshortlyafterwardsbythegiantexternalfueltank______tothespaceship.问题1选项A.claspedB.strappedC.hinderedD.clustered3.单选题Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.问题1选项A.logicalB.haphazardC.orderlyD.tidy4.单选题Thetalkshavebecome______withbothsidesrefusingtocompromiseanyfurther.问题1选项A.irrationalB.irreconcilableC.irreparableD.irreplaceable5.翻译题I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.6.单选题Excitedandunafraid,the______childexaminedthestrangerwithbright-eyedcuriosity.问题1选项A.empatheticB.drowsyC.hesitantD.inquisitive7.单选题Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.问题1选项A.influentialB.educatedC.diligentD.sophisticated8.单选题Thegirlwasso______thattheycouldfoolhereasily.问题1选项A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.creditable9.单选题Thenumberofthetickets______willbedeterminedbythesizeofthestadium.问题1选项A.adaptableB.acceptableC.advisableD.available10.不定项选择题Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?问题1选项A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.问题2选项A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedB.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilC.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionD.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety问题3选项A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.问题4选项A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.问题5选项A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.11.单选题Doctorsareoftenenmeshedinadilemmabecausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.问题1选项A.caughtinB.caughtupC.stuckonD.adheredto12.不定项选择题TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid.“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?问题1选项A.theincreasingonlineandsalesB.thepressurefromitsinvestorsC.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersD.thehighcostofoperation问题2选项A.makestrategicadjustmentsB.endtheprintseditionforgoodC.seeknewsourcesofleadershipD.aimforefficientmanagement问题3选项A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesB.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersC.willhavethecostofprintingreducedD.expandsthepopularityofthepaper问题4选项A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedB.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingC.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesD.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated问题5选项A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersallatOnce.B.CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand.C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood.13.单选题Likeanoldladyplayingthe______maiden,theseniorpoliticiankeptthemediaandthepublicguessingaboutherpolicyintentionsatthepressconference.问题1选项A.domesticB.toughC.modestD.coy14.不定项选择题Flightsimulator(飞行模拟器)referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotsandcrewmemberbysimulatingfightconditions.Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute(1)actualfighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle(2)beforethey(3)extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining.Simulationsalsoisusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew(4)toexistingcraft.TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstfightofOrvilleandWilburWright.Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstostimulatesimpleaircraft(5)inthreedimensions:noseupordown;leftwinghighandrightlow,orviceversa;and(6)toleftorright.Ittookuntil1929,however,foratrulyeffectivesimulator,theLinkTrainer,toappear,devisedbyEdwinA.Link,aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton,NewYork.(7),airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit“blind”flyingoninstrumentsalone,buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved(8)risk.Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped(9)instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane.Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining,manipulatingthecontrols(10)instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor(11)climbordescentwithnovisualreference(12)anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel.Thetrainerwasmodified(13)aircrafttechnologyadvanced.CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottraining,andtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934,(14)thousandsmoreasWorldWarII(15).问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题2选项A.concerningB.concernC.beingconcernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.modicum问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping问题7选项A.FromthenonB.FromnowonC.BynowD.Bythen问题8选项A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.OnthepartofB.OnthebasisofC.OnthetrackofD.Onthevergeof问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.asforB.astoC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining问题15选项A.realizedB.realizingC.approachingD.approached15.单选题Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.问题1选项A.advertiseB.lastC.declineD.dominate第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshowsare______.1.与其他电视脱口秀节目相比，无论是杰瑞•施普林格还是奥普拉•温弗瑞的节目都是______。A.morefamily-orientedA.更多的以家庭为中心的B.relativelyformalB.相对正式的C.moreprofoundC.更深刻的D.unusuallypopularD.异常受欢迎【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“但没有哪两个节目在内容上比杰瑞•施普林格和奥普拉•温弗瑞的脱口秀更截然相反，同时又在其他节目中脱颖而出（atthesametimestandingoutabovetherest）”可知，杰瑞•施普林格和奥普拉•温弗瑞的脱口秀节目都是脱颖而出的，即非常受欢迎，该题选择D项“异常受欢迎”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“更多的以家庭为中心的”、B项“相对正式的”和C项“更深刻的”并不是杰瑞•施普林格和奥普拉•温弗瑞的脱口秀节目的共同特点，这三项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience______.2.虽然杰瑞•施普林格谈论的社会问题令人不快，但观众______。A.remainfascinatedbythemA.保持对它们的兴趣B.arereadytofaceuptothemB.准备好面对他们C.remainindifferenttothemC.对他们保持冷漠D.arewillingtogetinvolvedinthemD.愿意参与其中【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“显然，杰瑞•施普林格的节目是对社会道德灾难的展示和利用，但人们乐于接受别人生活中有趣的困境”理解可知，观众对杰瑞•施普林格的节目中谈论的社会问题保持兴趣，A项“保持对它们的兴趣”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“准备好面对他们”和D项“愿意参与其中”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；C项“对他们保持冷漠”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?3.以下哪项可能会成为奥普拉•温弗瑞的节目的话题？A.Anewtypeofrobot.A.一种新型机器人。B.Racisthatred.B.种族仇恨。C.Familybudgetplanning.C.家庭预算计划。D.Streetviolence.D.街头暴力。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后两句“这个节目聚焦于社会和个人生活质量的提高。话题范围从教你的孩子的责任，管理你的工作周，到了解你的邻居。”从中理解可知，奥普拉•温弗瑞的节目主要讨论的话题是关于人们生活质量的提高，C项“家庭预算计划”是属于其中一个方面，故该题选择C项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“一种新型机器人”是属于科技方面的话题，不是奥普拉•温弗瑞的节目可能讨论到的，该项属于无中生有；B项“种族仇恨”和D项“街头暴力”是杰瑞•施普林格的节目可能讨论到的话题，这两项属于张冠李戴。4.【选项释义】4.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth______.4.尽管他们的方式不同，这两个脱口秀节目都是______。A.ironicalA.讽刺的B.sensitiveB.敏感的C.instructiveC.有启发性的D.cynicalD.愤世嫉俗的【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“这个节目（奥普拉脱口秀）聚焦于社会和个人生活质量的提高”，以及第四段内容“杰瑞总是以‘最后一句话’结尾。他做了一个简短的演讲，总结了整个节目的寓意。希望这是大多数人能学到非常有价值的东西的部分。”可知，奥普拉脱口秀和杰瑞脱口秀同样都传递了有价值的东西给受众群体，可推断，这两个脱口秀都是具有启发意义的，该题选择C项“有启发性的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“讽刺的”、B项“敏感的”和D项“愤世嫉俗的”都不是两个脱口秀的共同特点，这三项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows______.5.我们可以从文章中得知这两个脱口秀______。A.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitA.垄断了脱口秀的线路B.exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureB.利用人性中的弱点C.appearatdifferenttimesofthedayC.出现在一天的不同时间D.aretargetedatdifferentaudiencesD.针对不同的受众【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段内容“虽然这两个节目有着天壤之别，但它们都主宰了脱口秀圈多年。每一个脱口秀都迎合了不同的受众群体，但都拥有庞大的粉丝群体。具有讽刺意味的是，两人都被认为是脱口秀领域的先驱。”可知，这两个脱口秀面对的是不同的受众群体，D项“针对不同的受众”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“垄断了脱口秀的线路”，这两个脱口秀是脱口秀领域的先驱，但这不意味着垄断，该项属于曲解原文；B项“利用人性中的弱点”和C项“出现在一天的不同时间”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。2.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.clasped握紧；扣紧B.strapped用带子系（或捆、扎、扣）好C.hindered阻碍；妨碍D.clustered群聚；聚集【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词thegiantexternalfueltank（巨大外部燃料箱）和spaceship（飞船），结合常识可知，燃料箱是紧紧固定在飞船上的，故空格处表示“固定”符合句意，B项词义符合该意思，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】发射大约两分钟后，航天飞机两侧的助推器将脱落，紧随其后的是固定在飞船上的巨大外部燃料箱。3.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.logical合乎情理的；合乎常理的B.haphazard无秩序的；无计划的C.orderly整洁的；有秩序的D.tidy整洁的；整齐的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据主句的句意“很难找到做这项工作所需的零件”可知，the______waythestorewasorganized指的是商品摆放的方式杂乱无章，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】因为商店摆放的方式杂乱无章，很难找到做这项工作所需的零件。4.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.irrational不合逻辑的；没有道理的B.irreconcilable矛盾的；不可调和的C.irreparable无法弥补的；不能修复的D.irreplaceable（因贵重或独特）不能替代的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息withbothsidesrefusingtocompromiseanyfurther（双方都拒绝进一步妥协）可知，这次谈判是不可调和的，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】由于双方都拒绝进一步妥协，谈判变得不可调和。5.【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。6.【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.empathetic体恤别人感受的；感同身受的B.drowsy困倦的；昏昏欲睡的C.hesitant犹豫的；踌躇的D.inquisitive好奇的；好学的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息withbright-eyedcuriosity（睁着明亮好奇的眼睛）可知，______child指的是“好奇的孩子”，故该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。【句意】这个好奇的孩子感到兴奋而不害怕，睁着明亮的眼睛好奇地打量着那个陌生人。7.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.influential有很大影响的B.educated受过教育的C.diligent孜孜不倦的；勤勉的D.sophisticated见多识广的；老练的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】literacy表示“读写能力”，literate是literacy的形容词形式，那么literate表示“有读写能力的”，即受过教育的，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】该国的识字率有所提高，识字人口比例从十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。8.【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.incredible不能相信的；难以置信的B.credible可信的；可靠的C.credulous轻信的；易受骗的D.creditable值得赞扬的；应当认可的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句theycouldfoolhereasily（他们很容易就能骗过她）可知，这个女孩很容易上当受骗，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】那个女孩很容易上当，他们很容易就能骗过她。9.【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.adaptable有适应能力的；能适应的B.acceptable认同的；认可的C.advisable明智的；可取的D.available可获得的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子可知，句子主谓宾成分完整，空格处应该填入一个形容词作后置定语修饰tickets，按照句意“_____的门票数量将根据体育场的大小而定”可知，空格处是指“能够获得的”门票数量，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】门票的数量将根据体育场的大小而定。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了什么问题？A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.经济繁荣背后的原因。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯所著的《富裕社会》一书。”理解可知，约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福这个问题，B项“为什么富裕并不能保证幸福”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相”、C项“如何在今天提升幸福”和D项“经济繁荣背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社会》一书中提出的问题，这三项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加尔布雷斯认为，人们感到不满是因为______。A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已经被证明是必定邪恶C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他们担心另一场大萧条D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.现代社会物质主义泛滥成风【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在加尔布雷斯看来，物质主义已经变得非常疯狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且会滋生不满情绪”理解可知，人们感到不满是因为物质主义泛滥，该题选择D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥成风”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减”根据第三段最后一句“与此同时，本可以让每个人生活更好的政府开支却被削减了，因为人们本能地且错误地将政府贴上了‘必定邪恶’的标签”可知，公共支出被削减了，该项属于反向干扰；B项“政府已经被证明是一个必要的邪恶”，这只是人们为政府贴的标签，与人们不满无关，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们担心另一场大萧条”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.为什么当平均收入大幅增长时，人们会感到压力？A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入。B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降。C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均。D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“人们感到‘被挤压’，因为他们不断增长的收入往往无法满足他们不断增长的需求——更大的房子，更多的医疗保健，更多的教育，更快的互联网连接”理解可知，人们会感到压力是因为不断增长的收入无法满足不断增长的物质需求，A项“他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降”，人们的物质需求不断增长，也就是说购买力会增加，该项属于反向干扰；C项“财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均”和D项“医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?4.路易斯•乌奇特利在第5段所说的“被抛弃的美国人”是什么意思？A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.A.把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分。B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.B.因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人。C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.C.在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人。D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.D.不再有稳定工作的人。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段“人们把工作稳定性视为生活水平的一部分。随着公司裁员的增加，这部分已经被侵蚀。越来越多的工人担心自己成为‘被抛弃的美国人’，正如路易斯•乌奇特利在他的同名书中所说的那样。”从中理解可知，“被抛弃的美国人”指的是因为公司裁员而被迫失业，即失去稳定的工作，D项“不再有稳定工作的人”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分”是成为“被抛弃的美国人”的原因，而不是其暗含的意思，该项属于曲解原文；B项“因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人”和“被抛弃的美国人”无关，该项属于出处错位；C项“在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人”原文没有提到，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?5.富裕给美国社会带来了什么？A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.A.新的经济安全。B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.B.自我实现的感觉。C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.C.新的冲突和抱怨。D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.D.痛苦和反社会行为。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第六段最后一句“不幸的是，富裕也产生了新的抱怨和矛盾”可知，富裕给美国社会带来了新的抱怨和矛盾，C项“新的冲突和抱怨”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“新的经济安全”和B项“自我实现的感觉”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；D项“痛苦和反社会行为”根据第六段二、三句“在某种程度上，富裕是成功的。身体上的痛苦比以前少了很多。”可知，富裕减轻了痛苦，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。11.【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A.caughtin被……困住，绊住B.caughtup赶上C.stuckon保持在……之上；贴上D.adheredto坚持；黏附【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词dilemma可知，enmeshedin是指“陷入”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】医生常常陷入进退两难的境地，因为他们必须决定是否应该告诉他们的病人真相。12.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.1.《纽约时报》正考虑终止印刷版，部分原因是______。A.theincreasingonlineandsalesA.在线版和销量的增长B.thepressurefromitsinvestorsB.来自投资者的压力C.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersC.读者的抱怨D.thehighcostofoperationD.印刷成本高【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】首先定位首段首句“终有一天，《纽约时报》会停止在报纸上发表文章”可知，这是题干的同义表达，然后第二段第二句解释了其具体原因“制造纸质报纸所需要的基础设施——印刷机、送货卡车——不仅昂贵；而且一个只提供在线服务的竞争对手却没有这样的经济上的限制，这是过分的”，从中可知，《纽约时报》正考虑终止印刷版，部分原因是因为印刷成本昂贵，D项“印刷成本高”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“在线版和销量的增长”、B项“来自投资者的压力”、C项“读者的抱怨”没有提到，这三项属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.2.佩雷蒂建议，面对目前的情况，《纽约时报》应该______。A.makestrategicadjustmentsA.进行战略调整B.endtheprintseditionforgoodB.永远停止印刷煽动C.seeknewsourcesofleadershipC.寻找新的领导资源D.aimforefficientmanagementD.追求高效率的管理【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词Peretti定位至第四段第一句“佩雷蒂说，《纽约时报》不应该浪费时间退出印刷版业务，但必须采取正确的方式”，理解可知，佩雷蒂建议《纽约时报》应该找到一种正确的方法来解决这件事情，所以A项“进行战略调整”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“永远停止印刷煽动”，原文提到佩雷蒂认为不应该浪费时间退出印刷版业务，所以该项属于反向干扰；C项“寻找新的领导资源”和D项“追求高效率的管理”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.3.从第5段和第6段可以推断“传统产品”______。A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesA.帮助恢复昔日的荣耀B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersB.是针对最忠实的客户C.willhavethecostofprintingreducedC.印刷成本会降低D.expandsthepopularityofthepaperD.扩大报纸的受欢迎程度【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位第五段最后一句“我不会选择一年结束印刷业，我会提高价格，让它更像一款传统产品”可以看出，佩雷蒂认为不仅要提高传统产品的价格，还要将它变为一种可以传承的产物，接着第六段开头提到“最忠实的客户仍然会得到他们喜欢的产品，他们会觉得他们在帮助维持他们所相信的东西的质量”，然后提到如果每年增加一些比例，依旧可以创收，紧接着提到“如果你要做一个印刷产品，那就为那些已经对它着迷的人做吧”，综合理解可知，对于最忠实的客户来说，如果把传统产品进行改造，那么对于他们来说这就是一件可以传承的东西，由此推断，“传统产品”是针对最忠实的客户，该题选择B项“是针对最忠实的客户”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“帮助恢复昔日的荣耀”和C项“印刷成本会降低”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“扩大报纸的受欢迎程度”，“传统产品”针对的是忠实的客户，让这个产品变成可以传承的东西，并没有扩大受欢迎程度，该项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.4.佩雷蒂认为，在一个不断变化的世界，______。A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedA.传统奢侈品不会受到影响B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingB.谨慎有助于解决问题C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesC.积极进取能更好地迎接挑战D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdatedD.传统企业正在变得过时【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文末段最后两句“但我们会有这样的问题，当市场和世界变化时，我们正在做的事情没有意义。在这种情况下，积极进取总比不那么积极进取要好（it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive）。”可知，佩雷蒂认为，在一个不断变化的世界，tobemoreaggressive（积极进取）才更好处理世界变化带来的挑战，C项“积极进取能更好地迎接挑战”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“传统奢侈品不会受到影响”表述过于绝对，该项属于曲解原文；B项“谨慎有助于解决问题”在佩雷蒂的观点中没有体现，相反他建议要有所改变，并且要采取正确的方式，该项属于反向干扰；D项“传统企业正在变得过时”中的legacybusinesses（传统企业）没有在文中讨论，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5.Whichofthefollowing