2022年浙江省绍兴市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022年浙江省绍兴市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.WaystoGetaHappyStateofMind

Happinessisalwaysinashorttime,subjecttosomethingunexpectedofeverythingfromtheweathertomesizeofyourbankaccount.

We'renotsuggestingthatyoucanreachapermanentstatecalled"happiness"andremainthere.Buttherearemanywaystostrayfromthepathtoanxiety,anger,frustration,andsadnessintoastateofhappinessonceorevenseveraltimesthroughouttheday.Hereare18indeastogetyoustarted.Choosetheonesthatworkforyou.

Practicemindfulness

Beinthemoment.Insteadofworryingaboutyourcheckuptomorrowwhileyouhavedinnerwithyourfamily,focusonthehereandnow—thefood,thecompany,theconversation.

Laughloud

Justanticipatingahappy,funnyeventcanraiselevelsofpleasure—inducinghormonesandlowerproductionofstresshormones.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,tested16menwhoallagreedtheythoughtcertainvideotapewasfunny.Halfweretoldthreedaysinadvancetheywouldwatchit.Theystartedexperiencingbiologicalchangesrightaway.Whentheyactuallywatchedthevideo,theirlevelsofstresshormonesdroppedsignificantly,whiletheirpleasure—inducinghormonelevelsrose27percentandtheirgrowthhormonelevels(indicatingbenefittotheimmunesystem)rose87percent.

Gotosleep

Wehavebecomeanationofsleep-deprivedcitizens.Takingadailynaporgettingintobedat8p.m.onenightwithagoodbook—andturningthelightoutanhourlater—candomoreforyourmoodthananynumberofbubblebathsormassages.

Humalong

Musiccanmakemorethansavagebeastscalmdown.Studiesfindmusicactivatespartsofthebrainthatproducehappiness.It'salsorelaxing.Inonestudyolderadultswholistenedtotheirchoiceofmusicduringoutpatienteyesurgeryhadsignificantlylowerheartrates,bloodpressure,andcardiacworkload(thatis,theirheartdidn'thavetoworkashardasthosewhohadsilentsurgery).

Delutter(减少杂乱)

It'snearlyimpossibletomediate,breathedeeply,orsimplyrelaswheneverysurfaceiscoveredwithpapersandbillsandmagazines,andyouhaven'tbalancedyourcheckbookinsixmonths.Plus,thereptitivenatureofcertaincleaningtasks—suchassweeping,wiping,andscrubbing--canbemeditativeinandofitselfifyoufocusonwhatyou'redoing.

Justsayno

Eliminateactivetiesthataren'tnecessaryandthatyoudon'tenjoy.Ifthereareenoughpeoplealreadytohandlethechurchbazaarandyou'refellingstressedbythoughtofrunningthecommitteeforyetanotheryear,stepdownandletsomeoneelsehandlethings.

Makealist

There'snothinglikewritingdowntaskstohelpyouorganizeyourthoughtsandcalmyouranxiety.Checkingoffeachitemprovidesagreatsenseoffulfillment.

&

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Fiber-opticsystemshouldbebackedupby______.

3.

Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisnowtrueabouttheNewfoundlandfisheries?

A.Normalfishingcouldstartagainin2007.

B.Catchesof2700tonsayearonlyarepermitted.

C.Fishingwithdraggerswillbeallowedagainin2007.

D.Nocodfishingisallowedbutsomeotherspeciescanbecaught.

4.

Youmaytakeshelteronupperfloorsofhigh,multi-story,reinforcedconcretehotelswhenitisimpossibleto______.

5.

Manycitiesoffer______thatcansaveyoumoneyandensureyoursafety.

6.Stressismostlikelytorisefromconditionsinwhich______.

A.twopersonswithdifferentcharacteristicsworktogether

B.apersonalwaysrecallspastpainfulexperience

C.apersonhasjustgetoveraseriousphysicaldisease

D.parentsabusetheirchildrentoomuchinearlynurturing

7.AccordingtoscientistsattheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter,withinabout60years,therewillbe______ontheArcticOcean.

8.

Consideringchanceopportunities,unluckypeopledon'thavebecausethey______.

A.havemissedalotofchances

B.arebornwithmisfortune

C.havelittleabilitiestodealwithproblems

D.havenochanceactually

9.

Adepressedpersonmightfeelhopeless,helplessandoverwhelmedifheisinclinedto______oflife.

10.

TheNetherlandshasplacedtherightsofpedestriansbeforethoseofcarsinsuchareascalled______.

11.

ThewritercomparestheabilityofthecrowsonthePacificislandofNewCaledoniainmakingandusingtoolswiththatof______.

A.Paleolithicman

B.NorthAmericancrow

C.thewoodpeckerfinch

D.carrioncrows

12.AtHighTechHigh,______arehiredtoteachcoursesonbiotechnologyorwebdesign.

13.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

14.

OtherpeoplearelikelytoconnectUFO'swithsomethinginthewater,whichlookslikeasmallsubmarinebuttravelsmoreslowly.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

AccordingtotheFAO,asthedemandfororganicfoodandproductsincreases,priceswillbelowerfororganicproductsthanconventionalproducts.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Google'sassertionofitsownholiness______.

A.bringsaboutsourgrapesrivals'scorn

B.isabletoreceiveunquestioningtrust

C.makesmanyfirmsdisgusted

D.attractsthesupportofmanyfirmsexceptsourgrapesrivals

17.Whendidhydroelectricpowerwasuniversallyconsideredasanenvironmentallysafeandcleanmeansofelectricitygenerator?

A.Around250BC.

B.In1982.

C.Inthemiddle.yearsof20thcentury.

D.Untilonlyrecently.

18.Greenbuildingtechniquesrequire______.

A.architectstomakefulluseofsunlight

B.peopletoavoidusingelectricalappliances

C.architectstoemploylocallabors

D.businessmentoresistpoisonousbuildingmaterials

19.Immune-regulateddiseasesarerelatedtostressbecausesuchdiseases______.

A.tendtoproduceastress-relatedchemical

B.willaffectaperson'scharacterseverely

C.willmakepeopleweakinbodyandsoul

D.tendtounderminetheresponsetostress

20.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

EarthWillSurviveGlobalWarming,ButWillWe?

Thenotionthathumanactivity,ortheactivityofanyorganism,canaffectEarthonaplanetaryscaleisstillahardoneformanypeopletoswallow.Anditisthiskindofdisbeliefthatfuelsmuchofthepublicskepticismsurroundingglobalwarming.

ApollconductedlastsummerbythePewResearchCenterfoundthatonly41percentofAmericansbelievetheburningoffossilfuelscausesglobalwarming.ButinameetingthisweekinParis,officialsfrom113nationshaveagreedthatahighlyanticipatedinternationalreportwillstatethatglobalwarmingwas"verylikely"causedbyhumanactivity.Theideathatbiologycanaltertheplanetinbroadanddramaticwaysiswidelyacceptedamongscientists,andtheypointtoseveralprecedentsthroughoutthehistoryoflife.

Themightymicrobes

Human-causedglobalwarming--alsocalled"anthropogenic"globalwarming--isthelatestexampleoflifealteringEarth,butitisnotthemostdramatic.

ThattitleprobablygoestotheoxygenationofEarth'searlyatmospherebyancientmicrobesastheybegantoharnessthepowerofsunlightthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).

Humans"arehavingastrongeffectonglobalgeochemicalcycles,butitdoesnotcompareatalltotheadventofoxygenicphotosynthesis,"saidKatrinaEdwards,ageo-microbiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia(USC)."Thatwasacatastrophicenvironmentalchangethatoccurredbefore2.2billionyearsagowhichwreakeditsfullwrathontheEarthsystem."

Edwardsstudiesanotherwaylifeimpactstheplanetinlargelyunseenways.Shefocusesonhowmicrobeslivingonthedarkoceanfloortransform.mineralsthroughakindofunderwaterpower.

"Thesemicrobesarecompletelyoffradarintermsofglobalbiogeochemicalcycles,"EdwardstoldLive-Science."Wedon'tconsiderthemaspartoftheEarthsystemrightnowinourcalculationaboutwhat'sgoingon,andwedon'tconsiderthemintermsofhowtheEarthsystemwillmoveforwardintothefuture."

Thesereactionsarestronglyinfluencedbylifeandhavebeenoccurringforbillionsofyears,foraslongastheoceanshavebeenoxygenatedandtherehavebeenmicrobesinhabitingtheseafloor,Edwardssaid.

CreatingEarth

Onland,microbes,andinparticularaform.ofbacteriacalledcyanobacteria(固氮蓝藻),helpkeepsoilinplaceandsuppressdust.

"We'dcertainlyhavemoreduststormsanditwouldnotbeanywhereasniceonEarthiftheyweren'taround,"saidJayneBelnap,aresearcherwiththeUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.

Scientistsbelievethetinylife-formsperformedthesamerolesonearlyEarth."Oneofthebigproblemsforgeologistsisthat,OK,youhavethisbigballofrock,thesoilisweatheringoutandyouhavetheseferociouswinds.Whatintheworldisholdingthesoilinplaceasitweathersoutoftherocks?"Belnapsaidinatelephoneinterview."Cyanobacteriaarealsocreditedwiththatfunction."

Themicrobesanchoredsoiltotheground;thiscreatedhabitatsforlandplantstoevolveandeventuallyforustoevolve."TheyliterallycreatedEarthinasense,"Belnapsaid.

"Cyanobacteriaarejustlike'it',"shecontinued."I'vebeentellingeverybodytomakeasmallaltarandoffersacrificeseverynight.Weowethemeverything."

Asnowba

A.Americanpeople.

B.People'sactivity.

C.Industryactivity.

D.Developedcountries.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B8】

22.

【B10】

23.

【B7】

24.

【B9】

25.听力原文：W:Myprogramsaysintermissionisforthirtyminutes.SoActⅡwon'tbeginbefore9:00.

M:Thenlet'sstretchourlegsandgetsomerefreshmentsinthelobby.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?

(13)

A.Lookforbeveragesinthelobby.

B.Walkaroundtheauditorium.

C.Getsomefreshairoutside.

D.Stayintheirseats.

26.(31)

A.Totalkwithsomeoneorwithoneself.

B.Tohavealongandgoodrelaxation.

C.Todomoreaerobicexercises.

D.Totakemoreanti-anxietydrugs.

27.听力原文：Allbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodemAsiancityisnotverydifferentfromlivinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutlivingonfarms,however.Inmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamiliesliveinvillagesortowns.IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.Insteadoftravelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstayontheirlandthrough-outtheweek.TheytraveltothenearesttownonSaturdaysforshoppingoronSundaysforlunch.

Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolsthatserveallofthefarmfamilieslivinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool.

Ofcourselifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaythereareears,goodroads,radiosandtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherearemodemmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmershadtodealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.Theylearnedtotrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways.

(33)

A.Livingincitiesandlivingonfarms.

B.FarmlifeinAmerica.

C.Howfarmers'lifehaschanged.

D.Farmersandtheirfarms.

28.

【B4】

29.听力原文：M:Didyoubuyabirthdaypresentforyoursister,Susan?

W:Notyet,butI'vebeenthinkingaboutgettingheratape.Sheisfondofclassicalmusic.

Q:WhichtapewouldSusanlikebest?

(13)

A.TheBestofJazz.

B.ClassicalFavorites.

C.ChristmasCarols.

D.RockMusicCollection.

30.听力原文：F:Hello,Jim.What'syourproblem?

M:Hi,DoctorLee.Idon'tfeelwell.

F:Whatsymptomsdidyouget?

M:Youknow,cough,fever,runnynose,myheadandbonesache,chillseven.Iwasmiserableforaweekanditendedupminingmyholiday.

F:Soundslikeatypicalflutome.Itoftenstrikeswhenpeopleareovertired,stressedoutandnoteatingnutritiousfood.Andalsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoaviruswhenyou'reinbigcrowdswherelotsofpeoplearecoughingandsneezing.

M:Icertainlyspentalotoftimeindepartmentstoresintheholidaybuyinggiftsforpeople.

F:Yes.Andsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoairbornevirusesjustwhenyourbody'sresistanceisalreadylowfromalltherunningaroundyoudo.

M:SowhatcanIdotowardofftheflu?

F:Actuallyit'sfairlysimple.Getalotofrest,eatwell.Thatwayyourimmunesystemwillbeboosted.Andyou'llbemoreabletofightoffillness.

M:Allthesethingsmakesense.Butonemorequestion.Aren'tIboundtogetsickanywayifthere'sanoutbreakinthedorm?

F:Oh,youdidn'tmentionyoulivedinthedormitory.InthatcaseI'dalsosuggestyougetimmunized.Thevaccineavailablepreventsthethreemaintypesofinfluenza.Whydon'tyougototheuniversityhealthcenter?Theshotsarefreethem.

M:I'lldoitrightaway.Itwillbenicetofeelwellduringtheholidays.

(23)

A.Hewasillformorethanamonth.

B.Hewasillbuthadahappyholiday.

C.Hisholidaywasminedbecauseofhisillness.

D.Hewasinbedforaweek.

31.(36)

A.Thepubliccouldsharetheartist'sfeelingsthroughtheirpaintings.

B.Thepaintershouldnotchoosetopaintuglythings.

C.Contemporaryartistsarecompletelydifferentfromotherartists.

D.Allartistsareteachingthepublicconsciously.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：AcommunitytheatreisanimportantpartofalmosteverycityortownintheUnitedStates.Thereareover2,000communitytheatresintheUnitedStatestoday.Ahesetheatresforanaudienceofmorethan50millionpeopleannually.Thesetheatresareamateurorganizationsandaredifferentfromprofessionaltheatrecompanies.Acommunitytheatremayhaveitsownbuildingorperform.inaschoolorchurchhall.Theactorsandactressesdonotreceivemoneyfortheirworkinthecommunitytheatre.Theyhaveotherjobstosupportthemselvesinstead.Smallcommunitiescannotsupportafulltimetheatre.Theycannotpayactors,directorsorstageworkers,sothetheatreparticipantsworkforfree.Onepurposeofcommunitytheatreistoprovideanopportunityforcreativework.Manypeoplejoincommunitytheatresbecausetheywanttoperform.ortobecreative:Severalpeopleinacommunitytheatre.groupwereaskedwhytheyjoined.Eachonesaidheorsheneededtobecreative,tobesomethingoriginal.Onemansaid,"Ilovetoact.It'salmosttheonlytimeIfeelalive".Anothersaid,"Ihaveaveryboringjob.Inthisplace,Icancreatesomething."Onewomansaid,"Mywholelifeisoccupiedbyhusbandandfamily.Ineedsomethingmorethanthat."Anotherpurposeofcommunitytheatreistoeducateandimprovethecommunity.Theatreisanart,butitalsointroducesnewideastotheaudience.

(27)

A.About45million.

B.About5.4million.

C.About50million.

D.About4.5million.

33.(32)

A.OfftheBigIsland.

B.NearChallis.

C.InCoalinga.

D.Offthesoutherncoast.

34.(35)

A.Becausetheybehavedquitedifferently.

B.Becausetheyhadneverbeentherebefore.

C.Becausetheyhaddifferentfacialappearance.

D.Becausetheycouldn'tunderstandthelanguage.

35.

【B3】

36.(22)

A.Tileconsumers.

B.TheTVstation.

C.Thecompany.

D.Theaudience.

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Iamgladthatallthemembersofourzoologyclasscouldcomedowntothezootodaytocontinueouranimaladaptation.Asyouknow,someanimalsareabletomovebetweendomesticandwildenvironmentswithrelativelylittledifficulty.Thefirstexampleofthisthatwewillseehereatthezooisthewildburro.Asyouareprobablyaware,burrosarerelativesofthehorse.WildburrosintheUnitedStatesaredescendantsofthepackanimalsbroughtherethreecenturiesagobySpanishexplorers,andthesepackburroswereinturnthedescendantsofwildAfricanasses.

About100yearsago,goldprospectorscametothemountainsanddesertsofthewesternUnitedStates.Mostoftheprospectorswereaccompaniedbysteadfastcompanions—burros.Theseanimalswereusedalongwiththemuletrainthatservedthemanyminingoperations.Butwhengoldandsilverminingdiedout,manyoftheprospectorsturnedtheirburrosloose,theyjoinedwildburrosthatwerealreadyroamingthehillsandcanyonswhowerethedescendantsofthosebroughtbytheSpanish.Theprospectorsknewthattheirburroswerehardyanimals,completelyabletotakecareofthemselvesinthewild.Thefactthatthereareover11thousandwildburroslivinginthewesternstatestodaytestifiestotheirgreatadaptiveability.

(27)

A.Earlyminers.

B.Spanishexplorers.

C.Africannaturalists.

D.Earlyindustrialists.

38.(13)

A.Heoftencutsclassestoplaybasketball.

B.Hehasnochancetoplaybasketball.

C.He'slookingforsomebodytoplaythegamewith.

D.Helovesplayingbasketballverymuch.

39.(24)

A.Itchangesthebody'smetabolismthroughrapidweightgain.

B.Ittricksthebodyintorespondingasifitwereinadifferenttimezone.

C.Itpromotesincreasedalertnessbyaddingsnackstothediet.

D.Itbuildsresistancetoillnessbyincreasingintakeofvitamins.

40.(44)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

WhenChristopherColumbuslandedonAmerica'sshore,heencounteredcopper-skinnedpeoplewhomhepromptlycalled"Indians".CurrentestimatesindicatethattherewereoveramillionIndiansinhabitingNorthAmericathen.Thereareapproximately800,000Indianstoday,ofwhomabout250,000liveonreservations.

TheearlysettlershadanamicablerelationshipwithIndians,whosharedtheirknowledgeofhunting,fishing,andfarmingwiththeiruninvitedguests.Thestereotypedstealthy,wickedIndianofmodemwesternmovieswascreatedbyindifferent,faithlesswhitemen;theIndianwasbornfriendly.

DisgustdevelopedbetweentheIndiansandthesettlers,whoseencroachmentonIndianlandsprovokedaneraofturbulence.Asearlyas1745,IndiantribesjoinedtogethertodrivetheFrenchofftheirland.TheFrenchandIndianwardidnotenduntil1763.TheIndianshadsucceededindestroyingmanyofthewesternsettlements.TheBritishsuperficiallysubmissivetotheIndians,promisedthatfurthermigrationswestwouldnotextendbeyondaspecifiedboundary.

Evictedfromtheirlandor,worsestill,franklycedingtheirpropertytothewhitesforafewbaubles,Indianswereruthlesslypushedwest.Thebattlein1876atLittleBigHornRiverinMontanainwhichSittingBullandtheSiouxbribesmassacredGeneralCusterscavalry,causedthewhitestointensifytheircampaignagainsttheredmen.ThebattleatWoundedKnee,SouthDakota,in1890putanendtothelastvestigeofhopeforamitybetweenIndiansandwhites.

AlthoughtheBureauofIndianAffairshasoperatedsince1824,presumablyforthepurposeofguardingIndians'interests,Indiansonreservationsleadnotoriouslydeprivedlives.InrecenttimesirateIndianshavetakenamilitantstandandhaveappealedtothecourtsandtheAmericanpeopletoimprovetheirsubstandardlivingconditions.

Inthemodemwhitewesterner'seyes,theIndiansare______.

42.

Allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat______.

A.theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers

B.theoldfirmownershandabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers

C.thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly

D.thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole

43.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

A.studentsshouldnothavepart-timejobs

B.creditcardsshouldnotbeused

C.ifthereisnocreditcard,collegestudentsmaynotcommitsuicide

D.collegestudentsshouldlearntowiselymanagetheirpersonalfinances

44.

Whatisthemostalarmingconsequenceofthefastgrowingpopulation?

A.Speciesaredyingoutatanunnaturalhighspeed.

B.Livingareasforwildlifearedisappearingrapidly.

C.Theglobalweatherisbecomingwarmer.

D.Allkindsofnaturalresourcesaredraining.

45.

Whatisthelong-termsolutionforthemotorvehicleproblems?

46.Thetraditionaltwo-parentsfamilyisfastgivingwayintheAmericaofthe1980stohouseholdsinwhichoneadultmustjuggletheoftenenormousdemandsofmakingalivingandraisingchildren.

Formany,singleparenthoodissynonymouswitheconomicneed.Morethan3millionsingle-parentfamiliesliveinpoverty,accordingtotheCensusBureau,andjoblessness,pluscutsinpublicassistance,hashelpeddriveupthenumberofpoorchildreninsuchfamiliesbyabout20percentinjustthreeyears.

Thebiggestburdenfallsonhouseholdsthatareheadedbysinglemothers.Nearlyhalfofthesefamiliesarebelowthepovertyas"themostcompellingsocialfact"ofthelast10years.

Thisdeprivationisnotonlyhardonitsvictimsbutexpensivefortaxpayerssincesinglewomenandtheiroffspringreceive40to80percentofthebenefitsinvariouswelfareprogramsthatcostthegovernmentatotalof40billiondollarsayear.Despitecutsinbenefitsaveraging10percent,risingnumberofeligiblewomenarelikelytokeeptheoverallcostup,accordingtoeconomistAliceRivlin,formerdirectoroftheCongressionalBudgetoffice.

Fanningthesingle-parentspiralaretwodramaticoffshootsofthesexualrevolution:divorceandunwed(未婚的)motherhood.Thedivorceratehasdoubledinthelast15years,andthenumberofillegitimatebirthshasmorethandoubledto700,000annually.Onetenthofwhitechildrenandmorethanonehalfofblackchildrenarenowbornoutofwedlock.What'smore,thereisastrongtendencynowforwomenandteenagerswhohaveillegitimatechildrentokeepratherthanputthemupforadoption.

TypicalisRufinaNeraofLosAngeles.Whenshebecamepregnantat15,abortionwasnevermentionedinherhome.Instead,hermotherencouragedhertohavethechild,saysNera,adding:"Sheevengaveababyshowerforme."

Now,Nerasharesacrowdedbedroomwithher2-year-olddaughteraswellashersister.Shehopenohopeofhelpfromthefather,althoughheremarkedduringtheonlytimehesawthechildthatshewasprettierthanhisotherillegitimatebaby.Evenso,Neratriestokeepherattentionontwogoals:movingintoherownapartmentandgettingenougheducationtobecomeasecretaryoranurse.HerfirststepalongthatpathisattendingRamonaHighSchool,an"opportunityschool"wheresheand110othergirlsstudywhiletheirbabiesarecaredforinanursery.

Whateffectdoesjoblessnessandcutsinpublicassistancehaveonchildrenofsingle-parentfamilies?

A.Another3millionofthemliveinpoverty.

B.Thenumberofthemincreasedbyabout20percentinjustthreeyears.

C.Thenumberofthemincreasedbyabout3percentinthe1980s.

D.Theywerenotaffectedatall.

47.

Thephrase"gounder"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

48.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.PermissiveParentsandResponsibleParents.

B.CensorshipandtheLaw.

C.CensorsValueArtisticMerits.

D.CensorshipPerformsGoodServicetoSociety.

49.AlthoughweAmericansinrecentdecadeshavegrownricher,ourchildrenhavegrownpoorer.Manyfamiliesnolongeradequatelyperform.thenurturingandsupportingfunctionthatchildrenneed,emotionallyandintellectually.

Theevilconsequencesforchildrenarenotindispute.Therateofsuicideamongchildrenagedtentofourteenistwiceashighasitwastwentyyearsago.Forchildrenagedfifteentonineteen,theratehastripled.

Since1983,crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionalyouthfuloffensesoftheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimes,thoughstillinvolvingarelativelysmallproportionofchildren,aregoingupatastartlingrate,Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshasdoubledinadecade.

TheSenateJuvenileDelinquencySubcommitteesurveyed750schooldistrictsandreportedthefollowingchangesbetween1990and1993.Dropoutsincreasedby11percent.Drugandalcoholoffensesonschoolpropertywereup37percent.Burglariesofschoolbuildingswereup11percentandassaultsonteachersup77percent.

Amongthosewhoarethoughtofas"normal"children,lowerreadingscoresandscholasticaptitudescoresrevealintellectualimpoverishment.Beyondallthisloomtheapathyandwasteofthecounterculture.Itsexistenceisnolongernews,butitsranksarestillswelledeachyearbythousandsofpatheticrunawaysand,dropouts.

Whatforcesareproducingtheincreasinglyseverestressesontoday'schildren?

Thephenomenoniscomplexandbaffling,butseveraldevelopmentsseemtobeinteracting.Urbanizationisafactor.Childrenwhomighthavemadeitonafarmorinavillage,despiteadversefamilycircumstancessuchasextremepovertyorafather'sdesertion,encounterdisasterinabigcitywithitsanonymityanddiversetemptations.

Birthsbyunwedmothersanddivorce,twotrendsthatarebothrisingsteadily,resultindeprivingchildrenofthestable,twoparentsupportthattheyneedintheirgrowingyears.Oneoutofeverysixchildrenundereighteentodayislivinginasingle-parentfamily.Thisisalmostdoubletheproportionin1950.

Manydivorcedorwidowedparentsobviouslysucceedwiththeirchildren,butideally,rearingachildisatwo-personjob.Whenoneparentismissing,theriskoffailureincreases.Indeed,itisbestifachildhasgrandparentsorothersupportiverelativesonthesceneaswe