英语考研真题阅读加完型86到01

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIIClozeTest

OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.

Foranhouror_16_shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslooking

ateverything,buyinghereandthere,and_17_asharplookoutforthe

bargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingsshe

needed_18shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetownto

spendanotherhour_19_shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshop

windows.

OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,

withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinandlook_20_withoutfeeling

theyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforestepping

throughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped21—beforea

greenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:"Thisfinechair

isyours_22_lessthanapoundaweek,“andverysmallatthebottom,

“Cashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty."Apoundaweek..._23—,she

couldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!

Avoiceathershouldermadeher_24_.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?”She

lookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher_25_.

“Oh,well,no,"shesaid."Iwasjustlooking.w"We'vechairsof

allkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou'11justcomeup,youwillfindsomething

tosuityou.”

Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn,

tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.

16.[A]so[B]more[C]else[D]another

17.[A]taking[B]making[C]fixing[D]keeping

18.[A]buy[B]bought[C]buying[D]tohavebought

19.[A]inaway[B]bytheway[C]intheway[D]ontheway

20.[A]behind[B]round[C]back[D]on

21.[A]doubted[B]wondered[C]puzzled[D]delighted

22.[A]at[B]for[C]with[D]in

23.[A]Why[B]When[C]How[D]What

24.[A]jump[B]leap[C]laugh[D]wonder

25.[A]place[B]back[C]side[D]front

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasis

isonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,

instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemand

forpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewho

perhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,

ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthe

trees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople

^generalists."Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededfor

positionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeople

dothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeother

people'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueand

tools.Heisa"trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperly

technicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist一一andespeciallythe

administrator--dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,with

planning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthe

humanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialist

capableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralist

alsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsboth

kindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferent

proportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,

intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareer

accordingly.

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisis

pureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeople

willbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametime

youmustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarily

atrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitness

forbeinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields

[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalor

professional

[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidance

toothers

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

EC]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

[A]a"trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[D]amanwhoisan“educated“specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

[B]tochooseaprofitablejob

[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

[A]isnevertherightjobforhim

[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisability

toholdanyjob

[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

Text2Atthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrapped

intheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatland

masswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.

Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,

onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.Antarcticadiffers

fundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,covered

withdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,

andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEurope

andAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurrounded

bythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,

andIndianOceans.

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,

theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisoverthe

Arcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthat

itmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivable

thoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeare

inhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesof

theNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,and

Scandinavia-一aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfrom

ahandfulofweatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPole

thereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland[B]LandofOpportunity

[C]TheUnknownContinent[D]UtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas

[A]verylimited[B]vast[C]fairlyrich[D]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean[B]IndianOcean[C]AtlanticOcean[D]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

[A]coldair[B]calmseas[C]ice[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemake

settlementsimpractical

[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400

A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsand

fellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirst

mechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“whichcouldcarrymanstraight

up,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineer

pilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanon

top.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,

hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthen

settledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonal

helicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswould

carrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantastic

expectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsin

militarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhere

otheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,many

metropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandlogging

companiesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethem

forsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebest

waytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsand

supplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to—get-toplaceisalikelytask

forahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeople

acrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidin

thesearchformissingorwantedpersons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeople

fromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer?sinventionwould

becomearealityinthefuture

[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledby

airlinersoftoday

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

[B]arotatingdevicetopside

[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend

[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.

[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverage

individuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.

[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhad

strongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldevery

fouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylost

itslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,afterthe

rulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.No

oneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficial

recordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplain

byMountOlympus.Manythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallparts

ofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,

womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexact

sequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,

boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewer

sportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavinga

ringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonor

thatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.

AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,

richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscompared

withmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGameswere

suspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtime

becausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theidea

thatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritof

competitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthat

causedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternational

athleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehost

countryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsand

livingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes'

expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lighted

onMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunners

tothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreek

athleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosing

ceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:

thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinents

participatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames

[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,were

allowedtotakepart

[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompetein

Games

[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld

[D]wasconsideredunimportant

19.Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancient

runnersbecause.

[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

[B]theyaremuchbetter

[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

[D]theyaremuchworse

20.Nowadays,theathletesJexpensesarepaidfor.

[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

[C]bytheathletesthemselves

[D]bycontributions

Text3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain“sufferswith

civilization'severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreally

explainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbe

measuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodern

scientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureofthe

electrificationofamber,ahardye11owish-browngum.Mostcontemporary

physicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthese

mysteriousforces“really”are.^Electricity,“BertrandRussellsays,

“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthings

behave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,

andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthere

istotell."Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuch

anidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWestern

thoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatan

understandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.He

felt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverything

intheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjects

falltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesup

becausethat,swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewas

toexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegan

tryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodof

controlledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientific

investigation.

21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis.

[A]toexplainwhythingshappen

[B]toexplainhowthingshappen

[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples

[D]tosupportAristotelianscience

22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousand

years?

[A]thespeculationsofThales

[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity

[C]Aristotle,snaturalscience

[D]Galileo'sdiscoveries

23.BertrandRussell'snotionaboutelectricityis.

[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

[B]inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”

thingshappen

[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”

thingshappen

24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththe

idea.

[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are

[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples

[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

25.Modernsciencecameintobeing.

[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityof

reasoning

SectionIVClozeTest

Chequeshave_36_replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyare

widelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyer

andseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:

theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsa

certain_37whenheacceptsachequesandheisquite38_hisrights

ifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.

Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled

_39_.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremely

unpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge

40ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.After

examiningseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringof

pearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.Theassistantsaidthatthis

wasquite_41_butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvited

intothemanagerJsoffice.

Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactly

thesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.

Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklace

somewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolice

wouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstay_42_thewantedto

getintoserioustrouble._43—,thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.They

apologizedtomyfriendforthe44_,butexplainedthatapersonwho

hadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecent

robberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhad

beenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote_45—:"Ihave

aguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”

Fortunately,myfriend'shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief,s.He

wasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethestring

ofpearlswithhim.

36.[A]exactly[B]really[C]largely[D]thoroughly

37.[A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]opportunity

38.[A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof

39.[A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest[D]inquestion

40.[A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store

41.[A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse[D]incommon

42.[A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless

43.[A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly[D]However

44.[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour

45.[A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informed

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Text1Itdoesn,tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakes

nodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan'trememberit.Youjust

wasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomeclever

waystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohave

aspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyou

readwhenyouknowwhyyou'rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoher

offertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I'mjustlooking”?Bothyouandshe

knowthatifyouaren,tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofind

it.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsun

glasses."Shesays,“Rightthisway,please."Andyouandsheareoff

一botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.

It'squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,

“justlooking“fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjust

that一一nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavethe

rightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;they

willincludereadingorstudyingutofindoutmoreaboutatounderstand

thereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurpose

orreasonforwhatheisdoing.

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourself

somethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappened

towriteaboutAmerica.I'mreadingthisarticletofindout.Or,"I’

mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.v

Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatethe

informationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgo

onatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.

Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureact

towhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.

Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:"Yes,

Iagree.That'smyopiniontoo."orIthoughtthatrecordwas

brokenmuchearlier.I'dbettercheckthosedates,"or“Butthereare

someotherfactstobeconsidered!”Youdon'tjustsittheretakingin

ideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludes

evaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyour

ownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepart

ofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetween

factsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone'

sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpart

isdrawingaccurateinferences.

Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.

itisnosurprise

itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything

itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook

yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreadi