2012年考研英语一真题及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshave eanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandTheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialdecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asThejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingas1.[D]2.[D]3.[D]4.[D]5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.[A]byall[C]ina[D]asaPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Comeon–Everybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositivethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafeamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueoftheofmanypubic-healthnsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardnaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandThere’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialastimulustogroupanobstacletoschoolacauseofundesirableRosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesstayawayfromcommercialrecognizethelimitationsofadequayprobesocialandbiologicaleffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffectParagraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksofwillmisleadbehavioraloccurswithoutourrealizingcanproducenegativehealthTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.The ,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,the hasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.It’sastunningmove. hasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,the agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionofthent’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,the wentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthe misleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Nowthe issuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint. seemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearntisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thehasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthe ’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningByenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedseekfavorfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicensegetpermissiontopurchaseapowerAccordingtoParagraph4,EntergyseemstohaveproblemswithmanagerialtechnicalbusinessIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewillEntergy’scapacitytofulfillallitsthematureofstates’patchworkthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesthelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphtheauthorityoftheNRCwillbeIntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionConsequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now esthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingOnceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryand panyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinctionand betweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scredibleTwoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.Littlerewardpaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.SometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyuncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessandItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocess[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.Paragraph3showsthatadiscovery escredibleafterhasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralhasbeenexaminedbythescientifichasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.AlbertSzent-Györgyiwouldmostlikelyagreescientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleoftheNoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.[C]EvolutionofCredibilityin ngScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools, OAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupshealthInmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keethepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodAsthecosttoeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandtheoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership. ernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraphPublic-sectorunionsareprudentintakingEducationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionLaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that einthestatesector[D]fairlyadjusted.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantinthe JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneofPartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeronewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwith(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyareng.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,liture,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.(44)evisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthatevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimawhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.Applicationslike ,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whose ewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.ThechallengethecomputermountstoevisionthusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformatbeingrecedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordyersbeingrecedbyCDyers.Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-evision-evisionisdefinedbyThenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itis inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredformsofualselection,perhapstheworld’slanguages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversalfeatures.(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrrsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage.bornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgrr.Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachtouniversalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraintsGrayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfourfamilytreesthatbetweenthemrepresentmorethan2,000languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrrshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit.WhereasGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenparticulartypesofword-orderrelations.Neitherofthesepatternsisborneoutbytheysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelireage-specificandnoternedbyuniversalsSectionIIIWritingPartA51.Someinternationalsstudentsarecomingtoyouruniversity.Writetheman inthenameoftheStudents’Uniontoextend eprovidesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifeYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)PartB52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawing initsintendedmeaning,giveyourSectionⅠUseof2012年的完型填空是有关司和政治关系的一篇文章，出自NewYorkTimes,June30th2011的“EthicsPoliticsandtheLaw”一文。选材回归了2000年完型曾出过的法律类的背景知识，比较关注或者对这一块儿有所了解的同学，会相应得心应手一些。另外，和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助理解全文探讨的话题：高等司题1B。maintain.此空有赖于对后文的理解。这直接体现了我们作完型的整体思路，也自己的性，因此全文的导向和逻辑就非常清晰了。同时，题2答案(when)也顺势而出：题2A。这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。选择正的名声。BD两项，Deliminated过于绝题4D.accepted两个参与的例子说明他们的行为使得的裁决不偏不倚而被认可变得不太可能。A选项challenged和C项ed意义相反，和主旨，即肯定了参与政治行为。B项compromised“调停”和无关。分析问题的原因：“这种情况有一部分是由于们不受道德准则的约束。”其他三项6B。完型填空在历史上对于subject这个词一向情有独钟。04年，05年，08年以及10年选项中都出现，只有05年落选。而且这3年考查的意思都一致，即“易……”，考查形式有“issubjectedto”，“issubjectto”以及“subjectsb.tosth。(使得容易)”。今年依行为准则办事”AresistantCimmunesubject这三个词在04年的题7选D.applied。上下文语义题。选项所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的“codeofconduct”，即“应该让自己服从于那些也同样应用于其他的行为准则”。A项resortto：诉诸于，求助于Bsticksto:坚持;这两项的主语都不能是“code”，属搭配不当。C项leadto，导致。意义不符，直接排除。题8选B.raise。上下文语义+固定搭配。“raisethequestionof”提出了……的问题。这一 提出了问题：究竟和政治之间是否还存在界限。”言下 解决”，不符合上下文逻辑。C项“否决”和后面的“questionwhether…”构不成搭配。9Aline。上下文语义+固定搭配。“alinebetween…”：“在…存在或划清界限”。题10选B.as。介词用法。envision…as…把……预想成为…题13Ccultivate.上下文语义题。“有了这种地位做保障，也就不需要再去花心思培养题14Dtied。上下文语义题。“法制系统旨在将政治与法律相分隔，因为它们彼此联题15选A.concepts。词义辨析题。“liberty”和“property”theories理论)divisions分支)。Dconception常指具体的或个人的理念而非笼统意义题16选C.shapes。考查熟词僻义。“Shapean”，作出计划。本词所在的句子为省略了that的定语从句。“当处理社会政策决议的问题时，它们制定出来的法律将不可避免题17选A.dismissed。考查熟词僻义。Dismiss在这里意为“考虑，遭拒”。“这就解题18选C.address。依然考查熟词僻义。最后一段提出建议。希望们必须处理人们06年的完型中最后一段“addresstheneedsofthehomeless”.“beaccountableto…”不是“可解释的”，而是指“有义务，对…负责”。“beagreeableto”是“愉快的;同意的”;虽然也有“适合的，符合品位的”tocode，不合逻辑。“agreeabletoeverybody:适合于所有人”A“beaccessibleto…,可接近…，能得到的”和B项“amiable”和蔼可亲的，与无关。题20.Dasaresult。考查逻辑关系词。AbyallmeansBatallcosts用法一致，切含义相近，首先排除。Cinaword是“总之”，总结全文下结论时用，而且多用在句首。这里and连接词前面的内容是“让和政治分离开来”，后面的内容是“更能服人”，显Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialcurenogood-drinking,drugsandcasual。题干中的often对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.lead与cause。同义替换，难度不大。Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesrecruitprofessionaladvertisers招募职业的stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers远离商业解析：答案为B。细节题，首先根据题干中的publicadvocates和should定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressurepublic-healthadvocatesoughttoadvertiser或者advertisement有关，从takeapagefromadvertisers，但是很多同学都不知道它是什么意思，但是这 yprobesocialandbiologicalfactorsillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding么样)也就是问他的不足，通过book对应第四段第二句的斜体为书名，对应题干中的book,指出不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：exploration对probe，同义替换，notenoughexploration也和failstoadequay对应。这个题难度也不大，能明确定位，找到对应的句子，答案中的probe可能是引起考试不敢选择A答案的关键，在09BB选项中除了prior这个单词不认识外，其他的刚好的文中定位处的同义替换，而很多同学都达成这样一个共识：和文章中某句话相似度很高的选项不会是正确选项，选项A与第四段第Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksoffriendswillmisleadbehavioralstudiesoccurswithoutourrealizingit在没有的时候就出现canproducenegativehealthhabitsisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday。对unconsciously，subtle这个词在我们04年第二篇文章的第二题的答案中出现过，04年第二篇文章关于社会中按字母排序现象的这篇文章时应该有印象，我们的27题的答案选择的是D答案：Someformofdiscriminationistosubtletorecognize,大家可以看一下这道题和以前考过Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureharmfuldesirableprofoundquestionableis…invirtuous(正直的，有效的)directions理解，因为紧接着第二句在举例，就像那些老师为了将后排捣乱的学生分开而将他们和他Thetacticneverreallyworks…(这些策略(方法)不是真正起2012年考研英语阅读Text2的文章来源于 Yankeent’sownermusthonoritsownpromises.文章的题材属于信息科技类文章。讲述的是有关NewEngland一家公司了核电站后，核能源的一些相关规定后所引起的一些争议。就文章本身而言，放置在Reading的第二篇，难度不能算大。因为行文中，专业较生僻的词汇，如：renegeon,agingreaction等，但是通过上下文的揣摩和推测，要判断出C语义题。考的是一个词汇在文章中的特定含义。Renegingon出现在文章中的第一段。我AcondemningBreaffirmingCdishonoring拒付，Dsecuring处一定是一个贬义词，所以才导致引起了群众的，并且需要和commitment构成动宾关系，所以综合考虑，可以先排除ADB选项“重申”，是一个中性词，所以本句A agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.”公司项为A。即：打算得到来自Vermont的管理规定的保护。应该是与原文属于同义替换。B选项错在“Federal”一词上，扩大了范围。C选项的意思是：延长商业执照的有效期，误解AC.D.A管理实B4-5行：”…legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthesepowersextend…”我们可以得到是一种对权力的检测，检测各个州所拥有的这种权利到底能延伸多远。所以对象应该是针对州，而不是公司。首先排除AC.BD选项当中，BD选项指的是在核问题上，各州权力的局限性。结合文章，我们最终选择B选项，因为文章的是在指各州如何来B推断题。提到一个：NRC需要定位到文章最后一个段落。文章最后一句提到：ButastheNRCreviewsthe’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatfromEntergyaredamaged.接下来，从文章中可以看到公司申请是有关年限延长的申请而非能不能在PlymouthC.A选项中提到公司在其他地方的生意会受到影响恰恰与文章描述相反。所以，综上所述，正确选项为B也就是说这一系列的已经对NRC的构成了一种。本 自een(《科家》) 的题为“eEouonfrdby”的文章。章围绕信度的变”这一题展论述科学是如打造而成在理化的版本此要A，答案在文章第一