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大学英语课程学位考试试题(参考答案见题后)
PartI.ReadingComprehension
Passagel
Thepicnics,speeches,andparadesoftoday'sLaborDaywereallpartofthefirstcelebration,
heldinNewYorkCityin1882.ItspromoterwasanIrish-AmericanlaborleadernamedpeterJ.
McGuire.Acarpenterbytrade,McGuirehadworkedsincetheageofeleven,andin1882was
presidentoftheUnitedBrotherhoodofCarpentersandJoiners(UBCJ).ApproachingtheCity's
CentralLaborUnionthatsummer,heproposedaholidaythatwouldapplaud(赞许)"theindustrial
spirit-thegreatvitalforceofeverynation,“OnSeptember5hissuggestionborefruit,asan
estimated10,000workers,manyofthemignoringtheirbosses'warnings,leftworktomarchfrom
UnionsquareupFifthAvenueto42ndStreet.Theeventgainednationalattention,andby1893
thirtystateshadmadeLaborDayanannualholiday.
Thequickadoptionoftheschememayhaveindicatedlessaboutthestatelawmakers'respect
forworkingpeoplethanaboutafearofriskingtheiranger.Inthe1880stheUnitedStateswasa
landsharplydividedbetweentheimmenselywealthyandtheverypoor.HenryGeorgewas
accurateindescribingtheeraasoneof"progressandpoverty.^^Inasocietyinwhichfactory,
ownersrodeinprivatePullmanswhileten-year-oldsslavedinthemines,stronganti-capitalist
feelingranhigh.Demandsforfundamentalchangewerecommonthroughoutthelaborpress.With
socialistsdemandinganendto“wageslavery“andanarchists(无政府主义)singingthepraises
ofthevirtuesofdynamite(炸药),middle-of-the-roaderslikeSamuelGompersandMcGuire
seemedattractivelymildbycomparison.OnecanimaginepracticalcapitalistsseeingLaborDay
asabargain:Aone-daypartycertainlycostthemlessthanpayingtheirworkersdecentwages.
1Judgingfromthepassage,McGuirewasA.
A)amoderatelaborleader
B)anextreme-anarchistinthelabormovement
C)adevotedsocialistfightingagainstexploitationofmanbyman
D)afirmanti-capitalistdemandingtheeliminationofwageslavery
2.WecanseefromthefirstparagraphthatthefirstLaborDaymarch__C.
A)immediatelywonnationwidesupport
B)involvedworkersfrom30states
C)wasopposedbymanyfactoryowners
D)wasorganizedbytheUBCJ
3.WhichofthefollowingisthekeyfactorintheimmediateapprovalofLaborDayasanational
holiday?D
A)Thelawmakers'respectfortheworkers
B)Theworker'sdeterminationtohaveaholidayoftheirown.
C)Thesocialists'demandsforthoroughreform
D)Thepoliticians,fearoftheworkers?anger.
4.WeleanfromthepassagethattheestablishmentofLaborDay__A.
A)wasacceptedbymostbossesasacompromise
B)markedaturningpointintheworkers,struggleformorerights
C)indicatedtheimprovementoftheworkers'welfare
D)signaledtheendof“wageslavery^^
Passage2
Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandto
determinewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattemptto
placepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthe
libraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whetherthe
unfamiliarpersononourpropertyisthieforameterreader,andsoon.
Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.
Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchof
socialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowing
otherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothose
ofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsome
ofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.
Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercan
choosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostume(月艮装)ofaChinese
peasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyour
society.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook(钱
包).Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapart
fromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo
comereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.
1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpusB.
A)determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob
B)behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople
C)protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations
D)makefriendswithotherpeople
2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses_D.
A)inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers
B)inordertobetteridentifyothers
C)astheirmentalprocesseschange
D)asthesituationchanges
3.Theword“appraisal"(Line5,Para.2)mostprobablymeans“C
A)involvement
B)appreciation
C)assessment
D)presentation
4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun"it"refersto“__A
A)fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately
B)identificationofotherpeople'sstatuses
C)selectingone'sownstatuses
D)constantmentalprocess
Passage3
Uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,but
notforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoften
findsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemamages
fortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,Romantic
loveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuture
spouses(酉己偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,
Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheir
choices.
Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.
Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreeto
chooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishin
ordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather's
businessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather'sworkplace.This
independencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.
StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmerican
familyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself-relianceand
independence.
1.Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?C
A)Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.
B)Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.
C)Theyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.
D)Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.
2.MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof__A_.
A)love
B)financialconcern
C)theirparents
D)familybackground
3.Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat__C___.
A)Americanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparents
B)mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildren
C)Americanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependence
D)onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently
4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather'sbusinessmainlybecause_B_.
A)hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschool
B)hewantstoprovehisindependence
C)hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveof
D)hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents
Passage4
Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,thenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhavemadea
statement?Holdtheglanceforasecondlonger,andyouhavemadeadifferentstatement.Holdit
for3seconds,andthemeaninghaschangedagain.Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa
permissibletimethatyoucanholdaperson'sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.If
youareonanelevator,whatgaze-timeareyoupermitted?Toanswerthisquestion,considerwhat
youtypicallydo.Youverylikelygiveotherpassengersaquickglancetosizethemup(打量)and
toassurethemthatyoumeannothreat.Sincebeingclosetoanotherpersonsignalsthepossibility
ofinteraction.Youneedtoemitasignaltellingothersyouwanttobeleftalone.Soyoucutoffeye
contact,whatsociologistErvingGoffman(1963)calls“adimmingofthelights.^^Youlookdown
atthefloor,attheindicatorlights,anywherebutintoanotherpassenger'seyes.Shouldyoubreak
theruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherpersonexceedingly
uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.
Ifyouholdeyecontactformorethan3seconds,whatareyoutellinganotherperson?Much
dependsonthepersonandthesituation.Forinstance,amanandawomancommunicateinterestin
thismanner.Theytypicallygazeateachotherforabout3secondsatatime,thendroptheireyes
downfor3seconds,beforelettingtheireyesmeetagain.Butifonemangivesanothermana
3-second-plusstare,hesignals,t4Iknowyou",“Iaminterestedinyou,"or“Youlookpeculiarand
Iamcuriousaboutyou."Thistypeofstareoftenproduceshostilefeelings.
1.ItcanbeinferredformthefirstparagraphthatA—.
A)everyglancehasitssignificance
B)staringatapersonisanexpressionofinterest
C)agazelongerthan3secondsisunacceptable
D)aglanceconveysmoremeaningthanwords
2.Ifyouwanttobeleftaloneonanelevator,thebestthingtodois__B.
A)tolookintoanotherpassenger'seyes
B)toavoideyecontactwithotherpassengers
C)tosignalyouarenotathreattoanyone
D)tokeepadistancefromotherpassengers
3.By“adimmingofthelights”(Para.1,Line9)ErvingGoffmanmeans"_C
A)closingone'seyes
B)turningoffthelights
C)creasingtoglanceatothers
D)reducinggaze-timetotheminimum
4.Ifoneislookedatbyastrangerfortoolong,hetendstofeel_B.
A)depressed
B)uneasy
C)curious
D)amused
Passage5
AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnews
toreport:Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.
Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,asearthquakeofsimilarintensity
thatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.
InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31
a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetothe
constructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildings
andhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.
Despitethegoodnew,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheir
drawingboardsareblueprints(蓝图)forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesigns
shouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.
Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteel
andwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,and
insertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofground
vibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.
Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake'svibrations.
Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingto
shiftintheoppositedirection.
Thenewsmartstructurescouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemany
livesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.
1.OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowisthat
D____.
A)newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildings
B)itoccurredintheresidentialareasratherthanonthehighways
C)largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholiday
D)improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways
2.Thefunctionofthecomputermentionedinthepassageisto_A_.
A)counterbalanceanearthquake'sactiononthebuilding
B)predictthecomingofanearthquakewithaccuracy
C)helpstrengthenthefoundationofthebuilding
D)measuretheimpactofanearthquake'svibrations
3.Thesmartbuildingsdiscussedinthepassage__B___
A)wouldcauseseriousfinancialproblems
B)wouldbeworthwhilethoughcostly
C)wouldincreasethecomplexityofarchitecturaldesign
D)canreducethegroundvibrationscausedbyearthquakes
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakes
attentionshouldbefocusedon___C.
A)theincreasinguseofrubberandsteelincapitalconstruction
B)thedevelopmentofflexiblebuildingmaterials
C)thereductionoftheimpactofgroundvibrations
D)earlyforecastsofearthquakes
Passage6
Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,
homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.
ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpart
ofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(变化无
常的)andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegaland
educational-foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.
EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.
Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.Department
ofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220,000homelessschool-age
children,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis,ButtheNationalCoalition
(联合,联盟,合并,结合)。fortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmany
homelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.Onepartofthe
homelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway“youthswho
havebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthat
thereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstay
infamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.Federallaw,theStewart
B.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducational
needsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthe
beliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.
I.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat—C—.
A)thewriterhimselfishomeless,eveninhiseighties
B)manyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities
C)thereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities
D)homelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofreceivingfreeeducation
2.TheNationalCoalitionforthehomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis_C_.
A)350,000
B)1,500,000
C)440,000
D)110,000
3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoestimate.Thereasonmightwellbe_D__.
A)thehomelesschildrenaretooyoungtobecountedaschildren
B)thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly
C)thehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool
D)somehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies
4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat__A.
A)theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized
B)theestimatesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine
C)theaddressofgrade-schoolchildrenshouldbelocated
D)allhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation
Passage7
Wheredopesticides(杀虫剂)fitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseen
thattheynowpollutesoil,waterandfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishless
andourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthe
contrary,ispartofnature.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributed
throughoutourworld:
Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountislargeenough,can
causeextremelyseverepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeath
offarmers,farmworkers,andothersexposedtosufficientquantitiesofpesticidesisverysadand
shouldnotoccur.Forthepopulationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayed
effectsofabsorbingsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblypolluteourworld.
Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicals
arecumulative(累积)overlongperiodsoftime,andthatthedangertoindividualmaydependon
thesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeris
easilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmayseemtousathreatoffuturedisaster.
"Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobvioussigns,nsaysawisephysician,
DrReneDubos,uyetsomeoftheirworstenemiesslowlyapproachthemunnoticed.n
1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothesentence"Man...ispartofnature"(Para.1,
Lines3-4)?B
A)Manappearsindifferenttowhathappensinnature.
B)Manactsasifhedoesnotbelongtonature.
C)Mancanavoidtheeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.
D)Mancanescapehisresponsibilitiesforenvironmentaleffectsofpesticides?
2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheenvironmentaleffectsofpesticides?D
A)PessimisticC)Defensive
B)IndifferentD)Concerned
3.Intheauthor'sview,thesuddendeathcausedbyexposuretolargeamountsofpesticides
—A_.
A)isnottheworstofthenegativeconsequencesresultingfromtheuseofpesticides
B)nowoccursmostfrequentlyamongallaccidentaldeaths
C)hassharplyincreasedsoastobecomethecenterofpublicattention
D)isunavoidablebecausepeoplecan'tdowithoutpesticidesinfarming
4.Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsofexposuretochemicalbecause_C_.
A)limitedexposuretothemdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealth
B)thepresentismoreimportantforthemthanthefuture
C)thedangerdoesnotbecomeapparentimmediately
D)humansarecapableofwithstandingsmallamountsofpoisoning
Passage8
Thespeaker,ateacherfromacommunitycollege,addressedasympatheticaudience.Heads
noddedinagreementwhenhesaid,uHighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.^^He
describedtheinadequaciesofhisstudents,allhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyat
agrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9level
hadbeenestablished.
Mytopicisnotstandardsnoritsdecline(降低).Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthateh
isnolongeryoung;hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyears,andisabletothinkandspeaklikea
matureadult.
Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediately
followingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.
BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcentury,itwasdifficulttofindthe
targetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiencies(缺陷).Butsincethen,Englishteachershavebeen
underconstantattack.
Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthe
languageimproves,theynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheir
ownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeople
mustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadultsthelanguageoftheyoung
alwaysseemsinadequate.
SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasa
generationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday'syoungpeople,it
naturallyfollowsthattoday'sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.Otherwise,young
peoplewouldnotcommitoffensesagainstthelanguage.
1.Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat__D.
A)thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheoldergeneration
B)thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydicin'lworkhardenough
C)hewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyears
D)Englishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents5poorcommandofEnglish
2.Intheauthor'sopinion,thespeaker_B.
A)gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudents
B)hadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthestudents
C)wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobs
D)couldthinkandspeakintelligently
3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthespeaker'sremarksis__C___.
A)neutral
B)positive
C)critical
D)compromising
Passage9
Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey'reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlike
humans,plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3,000feetaway-straightup.Adecadeago,
adaptingtheinfrared(红外线)scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandother
satellites,physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropsto
determinewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspreciselytargetpesticide(杀虫
齐lj)sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefield,whichinvariablyincludesplantsthatdon't
havepest(害虫)problems.
Evenbetter,Paley'sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbefore
theybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3,000feetatnight,aninfrared
scannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codedmap
showingwhereplantswererunning“fevers".Farmerscouldthenspot-spray,using50to70
percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewould.
ThebadnewsisthatPaley'scompanycloseddownin1984,afteronlythreeyears.Farmers
resistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewed
concernaboutpesticidesonproduce,andrefinementsininfraredscanning,Paleyhopestoget
backintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks."Thistechniquecan
beusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStates/,saysGeorgeOertherofTexas
A&M,RayJackson,whorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture,thinksremote
infraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthe
financialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.
1.Plantswillemitanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyare_C.
A)sprayedwithpesticides
B)facinganinfraredscanner
C)inpoorphysicalcondition
D)exposedtoexcessivesunrays
2.Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingprecisely,wecanuseinfraredscanningto_D.
A)estimatethedamagetothecrops
B)drawacolor-codedmap
C)measurethesizeoftheaffectedarea
D)locatetheproblemarea
3.Farmerscansaveaconsiderableamountofpesticideby_A.
A)resortingtospot-spraying
B)consultinginfraredscanningexperts
C)transformingpoisonedrain
D)detectingcropproblemsatanearlydate
PassagelO
Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioningand
Americanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioning
begantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarII.TodaymostAmericans
needtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,
schools,hotels,andrestaurants.
Butnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsof
thevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry's
characterandcustoms.
Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,
air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-in
skyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,
whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled...
Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshut
windows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic's
oftennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadof
air-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindand
body,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsin
climate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioning
isonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnatureby
increasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway-whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.
1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?A
A)Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.
B)Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.
C)Itspublic'sretreatingintoself-pursuit.
D)Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationof
air-conditioningis_B_.
A)thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate
B)thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife
C)theactivelifestyleofallitsusers
D)thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower
3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning—C—.
A)haslittleeffectonitsusers
B)hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind
C)bringsmo
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